1,720,994 research outputs found
Ex Vivo lung sonography: morphologic-ultrasound relationship
No full textUltrasound (US) interstitial syndrome is a sonographic lung pattern characterized by the presence of acoustic artifacts (B-lines and white lung). The purpose of this study was to demonstrate how interstitial syndrome is determined by acoustic interactions in lungs of variable density and in healthy organs deflated to a nonphysiologic level of density. Normal rabbit lungs were studied ex vivo by US at varying known degrees of inflation, and their histologic appearances were described. In this experimental setting, US interstitial syndrome recognizes a mechanism related to tissue density or porosity. Artifacts (B-lines and white lung) appear in the normal rabbit lung through air-dependent increases in density. As in pathologic conditions, US interstitial syndrome can be reproduced in histologically normal lungs that are deflated to a critical level (>0.45 g/mL) of density, which is not achievable under physiologic conditions
Description of free-flowing pleural effusions in medical reports after echographic assessment
No full textN/
Chest pain caused by tracheostomy tube malposition: the importance of choosing the right tube.
No full textWe describe a case of chest pain caused by tracheostomy tube malposition in a 65-year old woman with chronic respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This report highlights the importance of the correct choice of tracheostomy tube devices for mechanically ventilated and/or spontaneously breathing patients
Lung ultrasonography may provide an indirect estimation of lung porosity and airspace geometry
No full textBackground: Echographic vertical artifacts (B-lines) in chest
ultrasonography have often been associated with pathological
patterns. A scientifically sound explanation of these
artifacts has not yet been proposed. Objectives: The
‘spongy’ nature of the lung in its liquid and solid components
and the changes that take place in peripheral airspace
(PAS) geometry might be the key point to understanding
these phenomena. Methods: Six excised right rabbit lungs
were obtained. Each lung underwent direct ultrasound
evaluation in two different conditions: at complete tissue
elastic recoil volume and at pulmonary expansion volume
achieved by applying a constant positive pressure of 12 cm
H 2 O. Lung volumes and densities were reported in both
conditions. Histological examination was performed on
three naturally collapsed lungs and on three lungs under
positive pressure inflation after having been fixed in formalin solution. Results: Mean volumes of naturally collapsed
lungs and fixed expanded lungs were 11.2 ± 0.36 and 44.83
± 3.03 ml, respectively. Mean densities were 0.622 ± 0.016
and 0.155 ± 0.007 g/ml, respectively. Ultrasound evaluation
of collapsed lungs showed dense vertical artifacts and a
‘white lung’ pattern, while the evaluation of expanded lungs
showed hyperechoic line and horizontal artifacts of reflection.
Histological evaluation showed a different PAS geometry
in collapsed lungs caused by alveolar size reduction and
shape changes with unfolded and closed units modifying
the peripheral porosity of the frothy nature of the lung. Conclusions:
Airspace geometry, frothy nature and porosity are
the determinants of the different behavior of ultrasound interacting
with the subpleural lung parenchyma. Chest ultrasound
may thus be interpreted as an indirect ‘estimator’ of
lung porosity
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Endobronchial ultrasound in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions
No full textEndobronchial ultrasound in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesion
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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