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Pengembangan Mesin Penanam Dan Pemupuk Jagung Terintegrasi Dengan Pengolahan Tanah Alur
No full textPenerapan teknologi mekanisasi budidaya jagung dapat meningkatkan keberhasilan produksi tanaman jagung. Traktor tangan yang dilengkapi pengolah tanah rotari dapat diintegrasikan untuk menggerakkan mesin penanam dan pemupuk jagung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan mesin penanam dan pemupuk jagung terintegrasi dengan pengolahan tanah alur, melalui penambahan jumlah unit penanam dan pemupuk menjadi dua alur tanam, penambahan mekanisme penggerak bagian penjatah benih dan pupuk dan memodifikasi pisau rotari untuk pengolahan tanah alur. Mesin tersusun atas unit penanam, pemupuk dan pengolah tanah rotari dengan penggerak traktor tangan. Penjatah benih tipe lempeng bercelah dan penjatah pupuk tipe rotor bercelah diputar oleh daya putar poros roda traktor melalui mekanisme sproket dan rantai. Penjatah benih dirancang dapat menjatah benih jagung 1-2 benih per lubang tanam pada jarak tanam 20 cm. Piringan penjatah benih memiliki 16 celah benih, berdiameter 113 mm dan ketebalan 12 mm. Penjatah pupuk dirancang dapat menjatah pupuk NPK dengan dosis 75-150 kg/ha. Rotor penjatah pupuk memiliki 6 celah dan berdiameter 36 mm. Pengolah tanah rotari dimodifikasi sehingga dapat mengolah tanah dalam alur selebar 20 cm dan sekaligus mengaduk pupuk dalam tanah. Sebuah prototipe mesin hasil rancangan dibuat dan diujicoba. Pengujian kinerja dilakukan secara stasioner dan di lapangan. Unit pemupuk diuji pada variasi panjang bukaan rotor 10, 7.5 dan 5 cm. Unit penanam diuji pada penggunaan benih jagung hibrida dan benih jagung manis. Parameter pengujian unit penanam adalah jumlah benih yang dijatahkan, jarak tanam dan kedalaman tanam benih. Kinerja unit pemupuk diuji dengan mengukur dosis (penjatahan) pupuk dan ketercampuran pupuk dengan tanah. Unit pengolah tanah diuji dengan mengukur lebar pengolahan, perubahan tahanan penetrasi tanah dan bulk density sebelum dan sesudah pengolahan tanah. Pada pengujian di lapangan, dilakukan juga pengukuran kapasitas lapangan efektif dan efisiensi lapangannya. Tingkat pertumbuhan tanaman jagung diamati pada 14 hari setelah tanam HST. Kapasitas hopper pemupuk dan penanam hasil perancangan adalah 16.53 kg dan 1.00 kg. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa unit pemupuk dapat menjatah pupuk NPK dari 97-212 kg/ha, dan pupuk dapat tercampur merata dalam tanah sampai kedalaman 15 cm. Unit penanam dapat menjatah benih 1-2 benih per lubang tanam, dengan jarak tanam rata-rata 22.3±2.87 cm (benih jagung manis) dan 21.3±1.84 cm (benih jagung hibrida). Kapasitas lapangan efektif (KLE) dari mesin yang dikembangkan adalah 0.147 ha/jam pada kecepatan low-1 dan 0.350 ha/jam pada kecepatan low-2 dengan efisiensi berturut turut 76.24% dan 83.78%. Persentase kemunculan tanaman jagung adalah 84.6% (benih jagung hibrida) dan 88.5% (benih jagung manis)
Penggunaan Metode Pemupukan Awal Broadcast Incorporated Menggunakan Mesin Tanam Terintegrasi Dan Pengaruhnya Pada Fase Awal Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung
Get PDFAbstract. Aplikasi penggunaan pupuk kimia pada pertanian yang belum tepat takaran, waktu, jenis dan tempat pemberiannya menjadi isu pencemaran lingkungan di dunia akhir dekade ini. Suatu metode pemupukan yang lebih presisi dan efisien terus dicari dan diteliti hingga saat ini. Metode penebaran pupuk di dalam tanah (broadcast incorporated) menjadi hal baru yang terus dikembangkan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur penyebaran pupuk hasil aplikasi metode pemupukan broadcast incorporated sebagai pupuk awal (starter) untuk budidaya jagung. Aplikasi pemupukan awal menggunakan mesin penanam dan pemupuk jagung terintegrasi yang telah dikembangkan pada penelitian sebelumnya. Untuk mengetahui dampak penggunaan metode pemupukan dan mesin tersebut dilakukan pengamatan terhadap 20 tanaman jagung. Pengamatan dilakukan hingga 14 hari setelah tanam (HST) terhadap tinggi dan jumlah daun yang muncul dari benih jagung hibrida dan jagung manis. Metode tanam yang digunakan adalah jajar legowo dengan 1-3 benih per lubang tanam dan jarak antar tanamannya adalah ± 20 cm. Sebuah kotak persegi berukuran panjang, lebar dan tinggi masing-masing 15 cm, 15 cm, dan 15 cm didesain sebagai peralatan untuk pengambilan sample. Wadah tersebut diberi sekat setiap 5 cm sehingga terdapat 27 ruang dalam kotak tersebut. Jenis pupuk yang digunakan adalah NPK dengan distribusi ukuran butiran 2.36 mm - 4.76 mm sebanyak 81.20%. Dosis pemupukan yang diterapkan adalah 150 kg/ha atau 11.25 g/m alur tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada semua sekat sampel ditemukan pupuk NPK dengan rata-rata 0.071±0.035 g. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pupuk telah tercampur dan tersebar didalam tanah. Nilai coefficient of variation dari sebaran pupuk termasuk dalam klasifikasi sangat teracak atau tercampur. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa parameter tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun pada benih jagung hibrida dan jagung manis (14 HST) masing-masing adalah 11.9±2.6 cm, 3.85±0.4 daun, 10.7±2.3 cm, 3.4±0.5 daun.
The Use Of Broadcast Incorporated As A Method Of Starter Fertilizers Using Integrated Corn Transplanter And The Effect On The First Phase Of Corn Growth
Abstrak. The application of chemical fertilizers to agriculture that is not precisely measured, not on time, not suitable for the type and not ideal for the place becomes an issue of environmental pollution at the end of this decade. A more precise and efficient fertilization method is continually being search and investigation to date. The method of broadcast incorporated is a new thing that continues to be developed. Therefore, this study aims to measure the broadcast incorporated of fertilizers as a starter fertilizer for corn cultivation. The starter fertilizer application uses integrated corn growers and fertilizers which have been developed in previous studies. A total of 20 corn plants were observed to determine the impact of using the fertilization method and the machine. Observations were made up to 14 days after planting (DAP) on the height and number of leaves that emerged from hybrid corn seeds and sweet corn. The planting method used is jajar legowo with 1-3 seeds per planting hole, and the distance between plants is ± 20 cm. A container of length, width, and height of 15 cm, 15 cm, and 15 cm respectively is designed as equipment for sampling. The container is given an insulation every 5 cm so that there are 27 spaces in the box. The type of fertilizer used is NPK with a grain size distribution of 2.36 mm until 4.76 mm as much as 81.20%. The applied fertilizer dose is 150 kg/ha or 11.25 g / m planting groove. The results showed that in all sample partition NPK fertilizer was found with an average of 0.071±0.035 g. This indicates that the fertilizer has been mixed and spread in the soil. The value of the coefficient of variation from the distribution of fertilizers included in the classification is highly randomized or mixed. The results showed that the parameters of plant height and the number of leaves on hybrid corn seeds and sweet corn (14 DAP) were 11.9±2.6 cm, 3.85±0.4 leaves, 10.7±2.3 cm, 3.4±0.5 leaves, respectively
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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