1,720,963 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
CXCR1/2 inhibition in neutrophil recruitment
Get PDFNeutrophile Granulozyten spielen eine entscheidende Rolle im angeborenen Immunsystem und sind die ersten Zellen, die bei akuter Entzündung ins Gewebe rekrutiert werden. Dafür migrieren sie aus den Gefäßen ins Gewebe. Selectine sind zuständig für das Tethering und Rollen, die Chemokinrezeptoren CXCR1 und 2 aktivieren zusammen mit Leukozytenintegrinen die benötigten Signalwege für feste Adhesion auf den Endothelzellen und die darauffolgende Transmigration ins Gewebe. Frühere Untersuchungen zeigen, dass Neutrophile und CXCR1 und 2 Chemokinrezeptoren eine Rolle in der Pathophysiologie verschiedener (Auto-)Immunerkrankungen spielen, unter anderem Ischämie/Reperfusionsschäden, rheumatoide Arthritis und Alzheimer-Demenz. Ladarixin, Reparixin und DF2755A sind neue kleinmolekulare Inhibitoren von CXCR1 und 2. Es wurde bereits einschlägig gezeigt, dass diese Substanzen Neutrophilenrekrutierung und damit einhergehende Gewebszerstörung in mehreren klinischen Modellen, z.B. experimentelles akutes Lungenversagen, Ischämie/Reperfusionsschäden und Diabetes mellitus Typ 1, verhindern. Aber die genauen Mechanismen dieser therapeutischen Hemmung sind noch nicht vollständig aufgeklärt. Daher haben wir in dem vorliegenden Projekt die Effekte dieser Substanzen auf Neutrophilenrekrutierung mithilfe in vitro Flusskammern und in vivo Maus-Cremastermodellen unter Zuhilfenahme von Licht- und Zweiphotonenmikroskopie untersucht. Als Rezeptorliganden haben wir CXCL1, CXCL2 und CXCL8 verwendet. Zusammengefasst haben wir gefunden, dass CXCR1 und 2 Blockade mittels der oben gennanten Substanzen - Ladarixin, Reparixin und DF2755A - das Rollen und die Adhäsion von humanen Neutrophilen in vitro nicht beeinflusst. Die in vivo Mausexperimente zeigten ebenfalls, dass die Inhibitoren keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf Rollen und Adhäsion von Neutrophilen haben, wohl aber auf die Transmigration von Neutrophilen. Diese erste ausführliche Untersuchung von Chemokinrezeptorinhibitoren und deren Wirkung auf die Neutrophilenrekrutierungskaskade hilft daher die molekularen Mechanismen dieser neuen Substanzen besser zu verstehen und bereitet den Weg für die Optimierung der Therapie verschiedener (Auto-)Immunerkrankungen mit ihnen. Darüberhinaus deutet die hier gesehene differenzelle Chemokinrezeptorblockade bei Neutrophilen auf neue, bisher noch nicht bekannte Akteure in der Neutrophilenrekrutierung hin.Neutrophils are key cells of the innate immune system and are the first cells arriving in acutely inflamed tissue. For this purpose, neutrophils have to extravasate out of the intravascular compartment into tissue, a prerequisite for their effector function. While selectins are responsible for tethering and rolling, the chemokine receptors CXCR1 and 2 in conjunction with leukocyte integrins provide the signaling and activation events for firm adhesion on the endothelium and subsequent transmigration into tissue. Neutrophils and CXCR1 and 2 chemokine receptors have been found to play a role in the pathophysiology of many (auto-)immune diseases and conditions including ischemia/reperfusion injury, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's disease. Ladarixin, Reparixin and DF2755A are new small molecule inhibitors of CXCR1 and 2. It has been extensively shown that they reduce neutrophil recruitment and subsequent tissue injury in multiple clinical models including experimental acute lung injury, ischemia/reperfusion injury and type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, the exact mechanisms of this therapeutic inhibition have not yet been fully revealed. Therefore, in this project, we addressed the effects of these drugs on neutrophil recruitment using in vitro microflow chambers and in vivo mouse cremaster muscle models with brightfield and two-photon laser scanning microscopy. As receptor ligands we used CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL8. In summary, we found that in vitro, CXCR1 and 2 inhibition by Ladarixin, Reparixin and DF2755A does not significantly influence human neutrophil rolling and adhesion versus saline control. In vivo, we found that the inhibitors also do not significantly influence neutrophil rolling and adhesion, but neutrophil transmigration versus saline controls. This first in-depth study of small molecule inhibitors and their effect of the recruitment cascade therefore helps to explain the molecular mechanism of these compounds and provides a base for optimizing the treatment of (auto-)immune conditions and diseases using small molecule chemokine inhibitors. Furthermore, the differential role of chemokine inhibition in neutrophils seen here suggests the existence of new, not yet discovered players in neutrophil recruitment
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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