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PENGARUH OLAHRAGA KOMPETITIF TERHADAP MOTIF BERPRESTASI: STUDI KOMPARATIF ANTARA SISWA ATLET DAN SISWA NON-ATLET
Get PDFPenelitian ini berangkat dari pemikiran bahwa untuk menghadapi masa mendatang yang semakin kompetitif, diperlukan sumber daya manusia yang memiliki karakteristik mampu bersaing dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan, dan berorientasi pada prestasi (achievement orientation). Selain itu, penelitian ini diinspirasi pelatihan yang dilakukan oleh McClelland terhadap wirausahawan yang berhasil. Menurut beberapa ahli, bahwa motivasi berprestasi dapat diajarkan pada kelompok atau organisasi lewat latihan (achievement training) untuk mencapai prestasi. Para pakar pendidikan jasmani dan olahraga sepakat bahwa olahraga dapat meningkatkan semangat juang, kegigihan, komitmen, dan kerja keras individu dalam jangka panjang lewat latihan olahraga. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengungkap apakah olahraga prestasi (high performance sport) di kalangan atlet pelajar mampu memupuk sifat-sifat yang berorientasi pada motivasi berprestasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah ex post de facto (penelitian setelah kejadian) di mana teknik pengumpulan data mempergunakan angket motivasi berprestasi. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk motivasi berprestasi di susun dan dikembangkan oleh peneliti mengikuti model Likert dengan mengacu pada lima tingkatan. Alternatif jawaban disusun sedemikian rupa dalam bentuk simulasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, secara signifikan ditemukan perbedaan motivasi berprestasi atlet dan non atlet. Selain itu, secara signifikan tidak terdapat perbedaan motivasi berprestasi berdasarkan lama latihan. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin tidak terdapat perbedaan motivasi berprestasi atlet laki-laki dan atlet perempuan. Penelitian ini juga secara signifikan tidak mengungkap adanya perbedaan motivasi berprestasi di antara 7 (tujuh) cabang olahraga. Dari hasil studi ini direkomendasikan bahwa untuk meningkatkan motivasi berprestasi, para pelajar hendaknya berpartisipasi atau terlibat dalam olahraga kompetitif.
Kata kunci : Motivasi Berprestasi; Olahraga Kompetitif.
Abstract
This study based on the fact that high competitve era in the future needs human resources with strong characteristics of high achievement orientations. Achievement motivation can be taught to a group or organization through ‘achievement training’ to obtain great attainments. Consequently, United Nation Organization has placed sports and physical education as activities to developing the individual and society. Moreover, scholars agree that sports and physical education positively contribute to way in which individuals struggle, work hard, and possess stronger commitments as a result of many forms of excercises. The aim of this research is to find out how high performances of student ahletes contributes to creating achievement oriented-characteristics. An ex post de facto method was used for this research, and achievement motivation was measured through a questionnaire. The instrumen of motivation was developed by the researcher based on five stages following the Likert Model. Alternative responses from the subjects were set in such a manner into a simulation forms. Results of this research/ showed a significant difference (95%, ^5;= 0,05) in the achievement motivation between student athletes and non-student athletes. However, based on the duration of training, there were no significant differences. Similarly, there were no significant differences in relation to the achievement motivation between males and females. Furthermore, it appeared that no significant differences exist related to the achievement motivation among seven different sports. To develop and increase achievement motivation, student are recommended to participate in competitive sports regardless of the types of sports.
Keyword : Achievement Motivation; Competitive Sport
The Effect of Competitive Sport on Achievement’s Motive—Study of Between Students’ Athletes and Students’ Non-Athletes
Get PDFThis study aims to reveal whether the sporting achievement (high performance) among student athletes able to cultivate qualities oriented achievement motivation. Research by design ex post de facto (research after the event) in which the data collection techniques using achievement motivation questionnaire. The Achievement motivation questionnaire arranged and developed following the Likert model with reference to five levels, with a reliability of 0.85, while the alternative answers were arranged in such a way in the form of simulation. The population in this study was the PPLP student athletes in North Sumatra and students of SMA 6 Medan. Based on the results of the study at 95% confidence level (α 0.05), significantly found (1) there were differences in achievement motivation among student athletes and non-athletes, (2) there was no difference in achievement motivation by the length of exercise, (3) there were no difference in achievement motivation of athletes male and female athletes, (4) there was not difference in achievement motivation among the 7 sports. The results of the study recommended that to improve students achievement motivation should participate or engage in competitive sports
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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