29 research outputs found
Eksplorasi Cendawan Antagonis Terhadap Septobasidium Pseudopedicellatum Burt. Penyebab Penyakit Hawar Beludru Pada Lada
No full textLada (Piper Nigrum L.) Merupakan Tanaman Rempah Yang Sudah Lama Dibudidayakan Dan Memiliki Nilai Ekonomi Tinggi. Indonesia Merupakan Salah Satu Negara Produsen Lada Terbesar Di Dunia. Sekitar Tahun 2009 Di Kalimantan Barat Dan Kalimantan Timur Dilaporkan Adanya Penyakit Hawar Beludru Yang Dapat Menurunkan Produksi Lada. Penyakit Ini Disebabkan Oleh Cendawan Septobasidium Pseudopedicellatum. Penelitian Bertujuan Untuk Mengeksplorasi Cendawan Antagonis Yang Dapat Mengendalikan Penyakit Hawar Beludru. Eksplorasi Dilakukan Dengan Mengambil Sampel Rizosfer Tanaman Lada Dari Sukabumi Dan Bengkayang Dan Rizosfer Sirih Dari Bogor. Eksplorasi Cendawan Antagonis Dilakukan Dengan Metode Pengenceran Berseri. Uji Antagonisme In Vitro Antara Cendawan Antagonis Dan S. Pseudopedicellatum Dilakukan Dengan Metode Uji Kultur Ganda. Identifikasi Dilakukan Menggunakan Kunci Identifikasi Barnett Dan Hunter (1998), Watanabe (2002), Dan Website Usda (United States Department Of Agriculture) (Http://Nt.Ars-Grin.Gov). Mekanisme Penghambatan Diamati Dengan Teknik Agar Blok. Hasil Eksplorasi Cendawan Antagonis Dari Rizosfer Lada Dan Sirih Diperoleh 40 Isolat Kandidat Cendawan Antagonis, Sepuluh Isolat Diantaranya Dapat Menghambat Pertumbuhan S. Pseudopedicellatum Di Atas 55%. Hasil Identifikasi Menunjukkan Lima Isolat Merupakan Cendawan Gliocladium Virens, Empat Isolat Merupakan Cendawan Trichoderma Harzianum, Dan Satu Isolat Merupakan Cendawan Trichoderma Koningii. Cendawan G. Virens Dan T. Harzianum Menunjukkan Mekanisme Kompetisi, Antibiosis, Mikoparasit Dan Lisis
Keefektifan perlakuan panas kering dan iradiasi UV-C untuk mematikan cendawan model microcyclus ulei
No full textThis study was carried out to develop methods of treatment as well as determine the effective dose of dry heat treatment and UV-C irradiation to kill the fungus models of Microcyclus ulei on soybean grains and soybean meals without damaging its nutritional content. The fungus models used in this research were Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum, and Sclerotium rolfsii. The results of this research showed that UV-C treatment until 12 and 24 hours exposure times at 15 and 30 cm from UV-C light was not effective to kill all the fungus models in PDA, probably due to the influence of NUV light from the lamp which was not pure at wavelength of UV-C. Therefore, further test on soybean would not be continued. Dry heat treatment at 55 ºC for 30 and 60 minutes had been shown effective to kill C. gloeosporioides, B. theobromae, and S. rolfsi in PDA, except F. oxysporum f.sp. niveum. Further experiments on soybean showed that 55 ºC for 30 minutes was effective to kill conidia of C. gloeosporioides, B. theobromae, and F. oxysporum f.sp. niveum, without damaging its protein content. However, dry heat treatment at 60 ºC for 60 minutes has been proved not effective to kill sclerotia of S. rolfsii. If M. ulei had the similar resistance as S. rolfsii, then it would need a higher temperature and time than used in this study. Therefore, experiments using a large amount of soybean were still needed
Role of Arbusccular mycorrhizal fungi and mycorrhizal endosymbiotic bacteria in increasing oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) seedlings adaptation towards biotic stress of fungal pathogen ganoderma boninense Pat.
No full textBasal stem rot caused by Ganoderma boninense is the most serious disease of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) in Indonesia and it has caused major loss in palm oil production. Under natural conditions, oil palm is often colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and together with mycorrhizosphere bacteria offer possible advantages in increasing plant adaptation against biotic stress of pathogen. This research comprised five interrelated experiments, namely: (1) Exploration, Isolation and Identification of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Mycorrhizal Endosymbiotic Bacteria from Oil Palm Rhizosphere and Their Ability in Inducing Oil Palm Adaptation Towards Biotic Stress of Pathogen Ganoderma boninense Pat; (2) Selection of Mycorrhizal Endosymbiotic Bacteria on Spores Germination of AMF Gigaspora margarita and Their Inhibition Towards Fungal Pathogen G. boninense Pat; (3) Identification of Active Compounds from Mycorrhizal Endosymbiotic Bacteria B. subtilis B10 that Inhibit the Growth of Fungal Pathogen G. boninense Pat; (4) Adaptation of Oil Palm Seedlings Inoculated with AMF and Mycorrhizal Endosymbiotic Bacteria B. subtilis B10 Towards Biotic Stress of Pathogen G. boninense Pat; (5) Analyzing the Response of Oil Palm Seedlings Inoculated with AMF and Mycorrhizal Endosymbiotic Bacteria in the Form of Active Compound Profile as Expression of Oil Palm Adaptation Towards Biotic Stress of Pathogen G. boninense Pat. The soil sampels were used in this experiment came from Aek Pancur Plantation belong to Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute, Medan. The results showed that twenty isolates of mycorrhizal endosymbiotic bacteria were obtained from spores of AMF isolated from oil palm rhizosphere and were dominated by genus of Bacillus sp. Among these isolates, isolate B10 identified based on 16S rDNA as Bacillus subtilis B10, had the highest activity against G. boninense in vitro by producing intracellular active compounds with molecular weight 255.39 and postulated as of 2-(4-aminophenoxy)-6-methyl-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5- triol. Dual inoculation of AMF and B. subtilis B10 on oil palm seedlings resulted in the lowest basal stem rot disease incidence caused by G. boninese which indicated disease severity index was only 5% and necrotic area of roots just 10%. Application of AMF together with B. subtilis B10 also increased oil palm seedlings height, root dry weight and stem diameter at 52 weeks after planting. The adsorption of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) increased when seedlings were co-inoculated with AMF and bacteria B. subtilis B10 together. This finding is important in terms of recommendation for application of AMF and bacteria B. subtilis B10 as biocontrol of pathogen G. boninense causal agent of basal stem rot in oil palm.Penyakit busuk pangkal batang yang disebabkan oleh fungi Ganoderma boninense merupakan penyakit yang paling serius pada kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) di Indonesia karena menyebabkan kerugian besar dalam produksi minyak kelapa sawit. Secara alami, tanaman kelapa sawit dikolonisasi oleh fungi mikoriza arbuskular (FMA) dan telah diketahui memberikan manfaat bagi kelapa sawit. Di daerah rizosfir berbagai jenis mikroorganisme termasuk bakteri hidup di sekitar mikoriza dan mengambil manfaat dari berbagai jenis senyawa organik yang dilepaskan oleh tanaman. Mikroorganisme ini memberikan manfaat bagi perkembangan dan stabilitas mikoriza maupun terhadap tanaman inangnya
Pengaruh pH Tanah terhadap Antagonisme glioeladiu fimbriatum Gilm. & Abbott pada Pythium sp. Penyebab Rebah-Kecambah Ketimun (Cucumis sativus L.)
Get PDFPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemasaman (pH) media PDA dan PDB terhadap pertumbuhan cendawan Gliocladium fimbriatum dan Pythium sp., pengaruh berbagai pH media PDA terhadap antagonisme G. fimbriatum pada Pythium sp., pengaruh filtrat G. fimbriatum yang ditumbuhkan pada berbagai pH media PDB terhadap pertumbuhan Pythium sp. dan pengaruh pH tanah terhadap efektifitas G. fimbriatum dalam menghambat perkembangan dan patogenisitas Pythium sp. pada tanaman ketimun
Pemanfaatan Asap Cair untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Darah (Blood Disease Bacterium) pada Pisang Kepok Kuning
No full textPenyakit darah merupakan masalah utama pada tanaman pisang di
Indonesia. Pabrik pisang Kepok Kuning telah dikenal sangat rentan terhadap
penyakit ini. Beberapa upaya untuk mengendalikan penyakit darah sudah
dilakukan, namun hasilnya optimal. Salah satu alternatif untuk mengendalikan
penyakit darah adalah dengan menggunakan asap cair.
Telah dilaporkan bahwa asap cair tempurung kelapa dapat menghambat
pertumbuhan Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus, asap cair
batang kayu manis dan kulit kacang tanah dapat menghambat Escherichia coli dan
S. aureus, asap cair kayu pelawan dapat menghambat E. coli, asap cair kayu
mangrove merah (Rhizophora racemosa) dapat menghambat S. aureus dan
Saccharomyces cerevisiae tetapi tidak dapat menghambat pertumbuhan E. coli,
sedangkan asap cair kayu afara hitam (Terminalia ivorensis) hanya dapat
menghambat pertumbuhan S. cerevisiae saja. Kemampuan asap cair dari
tempurung kelapa, buah pinus, dan pelepah kelapa sawit belum pernah dilaporkan
sehingga masih perlu dievaluasi.
Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk: (1) mendapatkan kualitas kimia terbaik
dan pengetahuan tentang komponen kimia yang terkandung dalam asap cair
tempurung kelapa (TKP), buah pinus (PNS), dan pelepah kelapa sawit (SWT),
dan (2) mendapatkan dosis asap cair TKP, PNS, dan SWT yang tidak
menimbulkan gejala fitotoksik pada bibit pisang tetapi efektif menghambat
pertumbuhan BDB, meningkatkan ketahanan bibit pisang kepok kuning terhadap
serangan BDB, dan memacu pertumbuhan bibit pisang kepok kuning.
Penelitian ini diawali dengan pembuatan asap cair dari TKP, PNS, dan
SWT dengan teknik pirolisis kayu dengan suhu pirolisis 300 oC, 400 oC, dan 500
oC, menetapkan asap cair dengan kualitas kimia terbaik, mengevaluasi efek
fitotoksisitas asap cair terhadap bibit pisang, selanjutnya menguji sifat
antibiosisnya terhadap pertumbuhan BDB secara in vitro dan pengamatan
terhadap morfologi sel BDB dengan teknik scanning electron mycroscopy (SEM).
Asap cair TKP, PNS, dan SWT masing-masing dengan konsentrasi 0% (kontrol),
0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% (v/v), diaplikasikan 1x dengan cara disiramkan ke dalam
media tanah steril sebanyak 100 mL/polibag. Dua hari setelah aplikasi asap cair
sebelum diinokulasi BDB, dilakukan pengukuran kadar etilen, auksin, lignin, dan
aktivitas enzim peroxidase (POD) dan phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) nya
dalam jaringan akar bibit pisang. Selanjutnya bibit diinokulasi dengan suspensi
BDB dengan kerapatan sel 108 sel mL-1 (OD=0.1) sebanyak 1 mL dengan cara
disuntikkan pada bagian bonggol dan disiramkan ke dalam tanah sebanyak 1 mL,
kemudian dilakukan pengamatan terhadap kejadian penyakit darah dan
pertumbuhan bibit pisang.
Hasil GCMS-pyr menunjukkan bahwa penyiapan asap cair TKP, PNS,
dan SWT dengan teknik pirolisis 400 oC memiliki kualitas kimia terbaik.
Perlakuan asap cair TKP, PNS, dan SWT pada konsentrasi ≥ 3.0% fitotoksik
pada bibit pisang kepok kuning. Berdasarkan uji in vitro, asap cair TKP, PNS,
dan SWT pada konsentrasi 0.5%, 1.0%, dan 2.0% secara nyata dapat membentuk
zona hambat. Zona hambat paling tinggi ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan asap cair
SWT 2.0% yang berbeda nyata dengan PNS 2.0% dan TKP 2.0% dan perlakuan
asap cair uji yang lain. Diameter zona hambat paling rendah terjadi pada
perlakuan asap cair PNS 0.5%, yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan TKP
0.5% dan SWT 0.5%.
Asap cair TKP, PNS, dan SWT pada konsentrasi 0.5%, 1.0%, dan 2.0%
secara nyata dapat menurunkan kerapatan sel BDB. Efek terhadap penurunan
kerapatan sel BDB paling tinggi terjadi pada perlakuan asap cair SWT 2.0%,
yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan asap cair TKP 2.0% dan PNS 2.0%,
sedangkan paling rendah terjadi pada perlakuan asap cair PNS 0.5% yang tidak
berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan TKP 0.5% dan SWT 0.5%. Hasil SEM
menunjukkan bahwa pemberian asap cair SWT 2.0% dapat menyebabkan sel
BDB mengalami lisis/desintegrasi.
Perlakuan asap cair TKP, PNS, dan SWT secara nyata mampu
meningkatkan kadar etilen, auksin, meningkatkan aktivitas enzim POD, PAL, dan
meningkatkan kadar lignin dalam jaringan akar bibit pisang kepok kuning.
Perlakuan asap cair pelepah kelapa sawit 2.0% memberikan peningkatan kadar
etilen, auksin, aktivitas enzim POD, PAL, dan kadar lignin paling tinggi,
sedangkan paling rendah terjadi pada perlakuan asap cair PNS 0.5%. Asap cair
TKP, PNS, dan SWT pada konsentrasi 0.5%, 1.0%, dan 2.0% mampu menekan
kejadian penyakit hingga 100%. Perlakuan asap cair TKP, PNS, dan SWT secara
nyata mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, dan jumlah daun.
Perlakuan asap cair PNS 0.5% memberikan pertambahan tinggi tanaman,
diameter batang, dan jumlah daun paling tinggi, sedangkan paling rendah terjadi
pada perlakuan asap cair SWT 2.0%.
Berdasarkan keefektifan pengendalian BDB dan kemampuan
meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman pisang uji, maka direkomendasikan
perlakuan asap cair yang paling efisien adalah PNS 0.5%
Morphological and molecular identificationof fungal pathogens causing gummosis disease of Citrus spp. in Indonesia
No full textHenuk JBD, Sinaga MS, Hidayat SH. 2017. Morphological and molecular identificationof fungal pathogens causing gummosis disease of Citrus spp. in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1100-1108. Gummosis is one of the most important diseases of citrus. The disease is caused by several species of Phytophthora, i.e. P. nicotianae, P. palmivora, P. citrophthora; as well as Lasiodiplodia theobromae (synonyms: Botryodiplodia theobromae and Diplodia natalensis; teleomorph Botryosphaeria rhodina). The objective of this study was to identify the isolates of fungal pathogens, i.e. Phytophthora spp. and B. theobromae and/or D. natalensis from several different areas of citrus central production in Indonesia based on their morphological and molecular characteristics. This study included two activities, i.e. (i) collection, isolation, and identification of pathogenic fungi from infected tissues, basal stem roots, and soil surface and rhizosphere; and (ii) extraction of genomic DNA and amplification of DNA fragments using PCR technique for molecular characterization. Results of morphological characterization and DNA sequence analysis revealed that gummosis was caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. (Teleomorph Botryosphaeria rhodina (Cooke) Arx.)), and P. citrophthora.</jats:p
POTENSI BAKTERI ENDOFIT AKAR UBI JALAR (IPOMOEA BATATAS L.) ASAL KABUPATEN SORONG PAPUA BARAT SEBAGAI AGENSIA BIOKONTROL MELOIDOGYNE SPP.
No full textPotency of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) root endophytic bacteria from Sorong District West Papua as biocontrol agent of Meloidogyne spp. Root knot nematodes/RKN, Meloidogyne spp. is one of the important pathogens in sweet potato plant. The disease incidence rate by the RKN on sweetpotato crop in Sorong District reached 88.77%. This study aims to get the sweet potato root endophytic bacteria that have potential as biocontrol agents against Meloidogyne spp. Endophytic bacteria was isolated from the roots of healthy sweet potato sampled from Sorong District, West Papua Province. Isolation and selection of bacteria using TSA media. Selected bacterial isolates, which were non-pathogenic to plants and humans then were identified with PCR technique using universal primer 63-F / 1387-R. The ability of bacteria to produce the lipase enzyme was selected using the media NB agar and rhodamine B. The protease enzyme-producing bacteria were selected using skim milk media. The chitinase enzyme-producing bacteria were selected using the colloidal chitin media. Production of cyanide was detected using filter paper soaked in a solution of CDS. The effectiveness of culture filtrate of bacteria as biocontrol agents was measured based on the percentage of 2nd juvenile mortality and egg hatching of Meloidogyne spp. Four isolates of endophytic bacteria, that were Enterobacter sp EAS (1a), Enterobacter sp. EAS (3a) Enterobacter ludwigii EAS (4), and Burkholderia cepacia EAS (6) produced lipase and protease. In addition, B. cepacia EAS (6) also produced chitinase. Those isolates caused mortality of the 2nd juvenile 81.4 to 95.2% and inhibited the egg hatching of Meloidogyne spp. 53.13 to 81.92%.</jats:p
Keefektifan Perlakuan Panas Kering dan Iradiasi UV-C untuk Mematikan Cendawan Model Microcyclus ulei
Get PDFThis study was carried out to develop treatment methods and determine the effective dose of dry heat treatment and UV-C irradiation to kill the fungus models of Microcyclus ulei on soybean grains and soybean meals without damaging its nutritional content. The fungus models used in this study were Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, and Sclerotium rolfsii. The results showed that UV-C treatment up to 12 and 24 hours exposure time at15 and 30 cm from UV-C light was not effective to kill all fungus models in PDA. Dry heat treatment at 55 °C for 30 and 60 minutes was effective to kill cultures of C. gloeosporioides, B. theobromae, and S. rolfsii in PDA, except for F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Further experiments on soybean showed that dry heat treatment at 55 °C for 30 minutes was effective to kill conidia of C. gloeosporioides, B. theobromae, and F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum, without damaging its protein content. However, dry heat treatment at 60 °C for 60 minutes has been proved not effective to kill sclerotia of S. rolfsii. If M. ulei had the similar resistance as S. rolfsii, then it would need a higher temperature and time than used in this study to kill the fungus
Key words: Botryodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, effective doses, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, Sclerotium rolfsii, soybean meal
VIRULENSI SEJUMLAH ISOLAT XANTHOMONAS AXONOPODIS PV GLYCINES ASAL EDAMAME PADA TIGA VARIETAS KEDELAI
No full text
