1,720,956 research outputs found
Pengaruh Tasauf dalam Kesusastraan Jawa
Full text linkSesudah wafatnya sultan Agung Anyokrokusumo, kerajaan Mataram kemudian diperintah oleh putranya yang bergelar amanbkurat (1645-1677). Dalam masa pemerintahannya timbul pemberontakan yang dipimpin oleh trunojoyo dari Madura yang dibantu oleh Karaeng Galesong dari Makasar, Amangkurat dengan bantuan tantara kompeni (Belanda) tidak sanggup mengatasi pemberontakan ini, bahkan Trunojoyo mendapat bantuan pangeran Kajoran dari Mataram yang tidak puas terhadap pemerintahan Amangkurat. Dalam tatun 1677 Amangkurat wafat dan diganti oleh putranya yang bergelar Amangkurat II yang memerintah sampai tahun 1703. Pemberontakan Trunojoyo yang selain mendapat bantuan pangeran Kajoran juga dibantu oleh Pangeran Puger dan Pangeran Giri akhirnya bisa dihancurkan oleh Amangkurat II dengan bantuan Belanda 1670. Sebagai upahnya seluruh daerah pesisir utara terpaksa digadaikan kepada Belanda (kompeni), dan kemudian ibu kota kerjaan dipindah keKartosuro oleh Amangkurat I
Konsepsi Tentang Insan Kamil dalam Tasawuf
No full textNama Tasawuf, Tasawuf dalam Bahasa inggris sering disebut Sufism. H.A.R Gibb misalnya mengatakan: There is room here only a brief summary of the beginings of the mystical movement in Islam which goes by the name of sufism. The origion of the term sufi is complex, but in general connected with the wearing of undyed garment of wool (suf). At first it was not a uniform but a mark of personal penitence, and some early ascetics comdemned the use of it. Ibn Sirin (d. 729) critized some early ascetics for wearing suf in imitation of jesus (as he said): I prefer to follow the example of the propehet who dressed in cotton. It appears that a particular group of ascetics but by the fourth century the wearing of wollen garments had becom the regular badge of the Sufis of Iraq and the name was commonly applied to all mystics. Jadi kata tasawuf dan sufi dihubungkan dengan kebiasaan mereka mengenakan pakaiaan wool kasar atau pakaiaan yang umum bagi para fakir-miskin di Timur-Tengah pada masa itu. Mereka mengenakan pakaiaan wool kasar sebagai simbul atau sebagai tanda bahwa merekalah golongan yang lebih mengutamakan hidup sederhana, mementingkan kesucian Rohani, berlainan dari kebanyakan umat Islam dimasa itu yang berlomba-lomba mengejar kesenangan hidup duniawi, berlomba dalam memakai pakaiaan yang indah-indah (sutra) dan mahal. Dengan demikiaan pemakaiaan wool kasar merupakan reaksi terhadap kecenderungan masyarakat yang mengejar kekayaan dan perhiasan duniawi, serta tidak memperhitungkan haram dean halal
Perkembangan Kebudayaan Jawa dan Serat Pamoring Kawula-Gusti
No full textSuku bangsa Jawa sebelum datangnya pengaruh agama Hindu mungkin belum mengenal tulisan. Namun demikiaan menurut penelitiaan ahli-ahli sejarah, kebudayaan jawa dalam masa pra-sejarah ini telah mengalami perkembangan. Dalam ceritera Aji Saka dating ke Jawa, yang melambangkan masuknya pengaruh unsur-unsur kebudayaan Hindu (kebudayaan suku Scyth=Saka), dinyatakan bahwa pulau jawa telah diperintahkan oleh raja yang kekuasaannya membentang sampai kelaut selata. Walaupun peradaban negeri ini masih jauh lebih renda dari peradaban suku bangsa Scyth (Hindu), dimana rajanya digambarkan masih suka makan daging manusia, namun ceritera ini menunjukkan bahwa suku bangsa jawa dalam bidang politik/ kenegaraan telah mengenal system kerajaan yang teratur dan luas daerah kekuasaannya. Bahkan adanya hukum adat yang merupakan warisan asli peradaban suku bangsa Jawa, jelas bahwa suku bangsa Jawa telah membentuk kehidupan social yang cukup teratur. Telah mengenal system hukum yang cukup effectif mengatur hubungan-hubungan social dan kekeluargaan. Dan demikian pula suku bangsa Jawa telah mengenal cara menenun pakaian, membuat rumah, bercocok tanam, sebagainya
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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