85 research outputs found
Expertise of electrical project on the example of Tuvi Street 7, Rakvere City accession Project
No full textProbleemiks oli küsimus, kas käesolev elektriprojekt vastab kehtivatele määrustele ning standarditele. Lõputöös koostati elektriprojekti ekspertiis Tuvi tänav 7, Rakvere linna liitumisprojektile. Enne ekspertiisi tutvustati ehitusekspertiisi nõuded ja tingimusi. Toodi välja mis põhjendustel tuleb teha ekspertiisi ja mis on ekspertiisi tegemise nõuded. Samuti tutvustati lühidalt projekti ning projektis tehtavaid ülesandeid. Ekspertiisi tegemise käigus toodi välja vead ja tähelepanekud. Vigade puhul toodi välja põhjendus ning võimalike tulevasi probleeme seoses tehtud veaga. Soovituste käigus pakuti välja ekspertiisi tegija arvamust projekti viimistlemiseks. Ekspertiisi kokkuvõtval lõpphinnangul toodi välja projektile saatuslikuks saanud vead, mille tõttu ei saanud projekt läbi ekspertiisist. Lõputöö autori üheks eesmärgiks ja põhimõtteks oli saada ehitusekspertiisi koostades kogemusi ning teadmisi, mis aitavad pärast lõpetamist paremini siduda elektriprojektide projekteerimis valdkonnaga ja annab eelise tööturul. Lõputöö kirjutamisel puutus autor kokku erinevate seadusandluste ning standardite ja Elektrilevi OÜ normdokumentidega. Autor soovib jätkata enda harimist seoses projekteerimisega energeetika valdkonnas ning teha oma panus tulevastele elektriprojektidele.The problem was whether the electricity project in hand meets the regulations and standards in force. In the graduation thesis, the electrical project expertise was drafted Tuvi street 7, Rakvere City accession project. The requirements and conditions for building expertise were introduced prior to the assessment. Reasons were brought out in which cases there was a need for building expertise and what were requirements for conducting said expertese. Project itself and project tasks were also introduced. Errors and observations were made in the course of the examination. In the case of errors, a justification was provided and possible future problems with the mistake on hand. In the course of the recommendations, an expert opinion was proposed to finalize and smooth out the project. In the final assessment of the expertise, the flaws that were fatal to the project were highlighted and the project did not pass through the expertise due to those flaws. For the author of this graduation thesis, one of the goals and principles was to gain experience and knowledge in building expertise, which helps to better relate the engineering field of electrical projects after graduation and gives an advantage in the labor market. When writing the thesis, the author touched on various legal acts and standards alongside the normative documents of Elektrilevi OÜ. The author wants to continue his education in the field of electrical enginnering and to contribute to future electricity projects
Evaluation of Individualized HRTFs in a 3D Shooter Game
No full textPrevious research stresses the importance of Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF) individualization approaches for accurately locating sound sources in virtual 3D spaces. However, in the realm of interactive experiences, methods for assessing whether individualized HRTFs bring a benefit to the player experience are rarely investigated. Methods to improve spatial audio rendering are needed now than ever since Virtual Reality (VR) is becoming a mainstream technology for interactive experiences. This paper proposes a method of using in-game metrics to test the hypothesis that individualized HRTFs improve the experience of both expert and novice players in a First-Person Shooter (FPS) game on a desktop environment. The FPS game provides players with a localization task across three different audio renderings using the same acoustic spaces: stereo panning (control condition), generic binaural rendering, and individualized binaural rendering. Collected metrics from the game include localization error, spatial quality attributes, and an extensive questionnaire. The individualized HRTFs for each participant were synthesized using a hybrid structural model. The model employs a deep learning architecture to synthesize a pinna-related response from a pinna image, and combines it with a measured generic head-and-torso response. The interaural time difference (ITD) is then adjusted to match that of an HRTF dataset subject minimizing a localization error metric. The results show that the 22 participants performed significantly better in the localization task with their individualized HRTF. Increased localization accuracy with respect to the generic HRTF was recorded both in azimuth and elevation perception, and especially in the case of expert game players.Accepted Author ManuscriptDesign Aesthetic
Signal intensity informed multi-coil encoding operator for physics-guided deep learning reconstruction of highly accelerated myocardial perfusion CMR
No full textPurpose: To develop a physics-guided deep learning (PG-DL) reconstruction strategy based on a signal intensity informed multi-coil (SIIM) encoding operator for highly-accelerated simultaneous multislice (SMS) myocardial perfusion cardiac MRI (CMR). Methods: First-pass perfusion CMR acquires highly-accelerated images with dynamically varying signal intensity/SNR following the administration of a gadolinium-based contrast agent. Thus, using PG-DL reconstruction with a conventional multi-coil encoding operator leads to analogous signal intensity variations across different time-frames at the network output, creating difficulties in generalization for varying SNR levels. We propose to use a SIIM encoding operator to capture the signal intensity/SNR variations across time-frames in a reformulated encoding operator. This leads to a more uniform/flat contrast at the output of the PG-DL network, facilitating generalizability across time-frames. PG-DL reconstruction with the proposed SIIM encoding operator is compared to PG-DL with conventional encoding operator, split slice-GRAPPA, locally low-rank (LLR) regularized reconstruction, low-rank plus sparse (L + S) reconstruction, and regularized ROCK-SPIRiT. Results: Results on highly accelerated free-breathing first pass myocardial perfusion CMR at three-fold SMS and four-fold in-plane acceleration show that the proposed method improves upon the reconstruction methods use for comparison. Substantial noise reduction is achieved compared to split slice-GRAPPA, and aliasing artifacts reduction compared to LLR regularized reconstruction, L + S reconstruction and PG-DL with conventional encoding. Furthermore, a qualitative reader study indicated that proposed method outperformed all methods. Conclusion: PG-DL reconstruction with the proposed SIIM encoding operator improves generalization across different time-frames /SNRs in highly accelerated perfusion CMR.ImPhys/Computational ImagingImPhys/Medical Imagin
Is Estonian barley ready to tackle climate change-induced water regimes?
No full textSaabunud / Received 25.09.2021 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 27.10.2021 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 27.10.2021 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Siim Samuel Sepp [email protected] objective was to examine the effect of drought and flood on barley plants' biomass and growth rate in early vegetative development while comparing the stress adaption of different varieties. A greenhouse trial was conducted in the Estonian Crop Research Institute (ECRI) in 2021, where five Estonian grown spring barley varieties were grown in optimal, drought and flood treatments for six weeks to measure plants' projected leaf area (PA) and relative growth rate (RGR) through phenotyping. Both drought and flooding stress have a strong negative impact on plant biomass in early vegetative growth phases, causing PA at the end of the trial to decrease 26% and 49% respectively. Meanwhile, RGR throughout the trial decreased 6% in drought treatment and 16% in flood treatment. This indicates the greater impact of flood stress on plant's growth compared to drought stress. Genetic variation related to adaption to extreme water regimes in varieties is rather low, especially in drought stress conditions. In drought treatment, the variation coefficient (CV) was 14%, and in flood treatment 25%. Even as most varieties' PA and RGR varied between treatments, the difference between varieties in specific stress treatments was minimal. Estonian grown spring barley varieties are susceptible to extreme water regime related stress caused by potential climate change. This indicates the importance of assessing water-related stress tolerance in breeding material, adapting more accurate innovative evaluation approaches, and integrating climate-resilient genetic material into breeding programs, to hedge the risk caused by unfavourable growth environments in Estonian barley production
Off-Road Capable Electric Scooter
No full textLõputöö käigus püstitas autor omale eesmärkideks projekteerida maastikusuutliku invaskuutri raam koos õõtshoobade ja käändmikuga ja valida sinna juurde vajalikud komponendid. Selleks pidi autor esmalt uurima Eesti Vabariigi seadusi, et saada teada, mis piirangud on pandud erinevatele kategooritatele ning sõidukitele. Lisaks analüüsis autor viite analoogset sõidukit, mõistmaks, mis on nende masinate juures maastikusuutlikuse seisukohast hea, projekteerimise keerulisust ning kui mugav ja lihtne on sihtgrupil neid sõidukeid käsitleda. Lisaks käis autor ka ühe sarnase sõidukiga tutvumas ja sõitmas, et saada paremini aimu, kuidas antud sõidukit projekteerida. Kuna autor ise sihtgruppi ei kuulu, siis tegi ta küsitluse, kus vastas 20 inimest, kes olid eakad või erivajadustega. Küsitlusest sai autor teada, mis soovid ja ootused on inimestel, kelle jaoks oleks sarnane sõiduk praktiliselt asendamatu. Projekteerimine algas baasandmete, nagu skuutri mõõtude, kliirensi, sõiduulatuse ja veoskeemi, paika panekuga. Lisaks ka vajamineva võimsuse arvutamisega. Järgnevalt oli vaja välja valida raami, õõtshoobade ja käändmiku materal. Valides alumiiniumi ja terase vahel valis autor terase tema hinna ja töödeldavuse tõttu. Eriti just viimase omaduse pärast, sest autor tahab sõiduki kodustes tingimustes ise valmis teha. Materjal valitud, oli aeg hakata tegelema projekteerimisega. Esmalt hakkas autor pihta raamist. Raami tegi autor sarnase külastatud skuutri raamiga, kus oli üks pikk tugitala, kuhu kinnitusid ülejäänud detailid. Kui raam oli läbi mõeldud ja projekteeritud, pidi sellele tegema ka tugevusanalüüsi, et kindlustada raami vastupidavus koormusele ja väändele. Sama tuli teha ka õõtshoova ja käändmikuga. Nagu raamiga, tuli eelnevalt uurida, kuidas olid projekteeritud sarnaste sõidukite detailid ja teha nendest analüüs. Läbi tuli ka mõelda, kuhu ja kuidas omavahel kõik detailid kinnituvad. V-kujulised õõtshoovad kinnitusid raami külge kahe puksiga ja ühe amordiga. Käändmik, mis autor projekteeris karbi kujuga, kinnitus õõtshoova külge M12 poldiga, käändmik liikus õõtsa ümber radiaallaagrite abil. Sarnaselt oli vaja teha tugevusanalüüs ka nendele komponentidele ja dimensioneerida need piisava varuteguriga. Veel oli vaja valida välja sobilikud vedrud ja amordid, mis teeks sõitmise juhile mugavaks, kuid samas oleks piisavalt jäigad. Selleks pidi autor arvutama ülekandeteguri ja leidma raskuskeskme ning nende abil arvutama vajalikud vedru jäikused. Sõiduki pidurdamiseks pidi autor välja arvutama vajaliku jõu ning projekteerima piduri suporti kronsteini, mis peaks pidurdamisel tulevale momendile vastu. Lisaks oli vaja autoril lahendada ka projekteeritava sõiduki juhtimine ja juhi ergonoomika. Juhtimine sai tehtud lihtne ja robustne. Roolimine käis läbi lenksu, mis ühendus toruga., toru alla keevitub plaat, kuhu kinnituvad rooliotsa munakat. Teised munaka otsad kinnituvad käändmiku küljes olevate kõrvade külge. Lenksu projekteeris autor reguleeritavaks üles-alla ja kahes erinevas punktis lenksu pikenduse küljes kallet muutvaks. Samuti oli reguleeritav ka iste mitmes suunas, mis tuli teise invaskuutri pealt. Mootorite valikuks said 350W rummumootorid , igale rattale oma. Mootorid tulid komplektina, kus oli lisaks kahele mootorile koos rehviga ka kaks kontrollerit, kaks piduriketast ja suporti, LCD ekraan ning drossel käepide. Veel oli vaja välja arvutada kui suure mahutuvusega akusid oli vaja sõidukile, et baasandmetes paika pandud teekonda läbida ning valida välja akud koos muude voolutarbijatega. Viimaks oli veel vaja teha maksumuse analüüs ja lüüa kulude numbrid kokku. Lõputöös eesmärgiks pandud 2000 euro suuruse summaga antud masinat projekteerida ei saaks kuid sellegipoolest autor arvab, et käesolevat sõidukit tuleks edasi arendada kuna Eesti turul sarnast sõidukit sihtgrupile ei ole, analoogse masina saaks vaid välismaalt tellides suure raha summa eest.In the thesis, the author set his goal to design a off-road capable mobility scooter frame with control arms and knuckles and also to choose the components that are needed to complete them. To do so, the author had to firstly find out what kind of laws and under what category Rebublic of Estonia had set on for the vehicle that the author wanted to design. Furthermore an analysis was done on five different analogous mobility scooters to understand what are the benefits that make them good on off-road, what make them difficult to design and how comfortable and easy it is to use for the targeted group. Author of the thesis also went to learn more and drive a similar scooter to understand better how to design his own project. Also as author is not in the targeted group he made a survey for 20 people who were elderly or handicaped. From the survey he found out out what were the expectations and wishes for the people whom a similar vehicle would be practically indispensable. Designing started with laying out the base data such as scooters dimensions, clirens, driving range and selecting drivetrain. Also calculating the needed power to move the scooter. For the next the author had to choose the material for the frame, control arms and knuckle. There was a choice between aluminium and steel, author chose steel because it was cheaper and easier to work with. The last feature was very important because the author wanted to build the scooter at home conditions. Material chosen, it was time to start designing. Frame was the first thing the author started with. Frame was made similar with the frame of scooter seen from the visit. Frame was made from a one long support beam where all other details things attached to. When the frame was designed, author also had to do a strenght analysis to insure the frame held up to loads and moments coming from the road. Same process was done with control arm and knuckle. As with frame, before designing author researched how those components were designed on other similar vehicles and analysed them. Author also had to think through how all and where the components attached to. V shaped control arms attached to the frame by two bushings and with one shock. Knuckle was desinged as a boxed shape, it was attached to the control arm with a M12 polt. Knuckle pivoted around the control arm with a couple of radial bearings. Like with frame a strenght analysis had to be done for these components to assure they had propper factor of safety. In addition author had to choose right springs and shocks that would make the driving for comfortable. For that the author had to calculate the motion ratio and find the vehicles center of gravity. He used that data to calculate the needed spring stiffnesses. To stop the vehicle author had to calculate the needed force and design a brake suport bracket that had to withstand the torque coming from braking. Further more the author had to solve the steering of the designed vehicle and ergonomics. Steering was designed to be easy and sturdy. Steering was done with handlebars that was connected to a pipe. Plate, welded under the pipe, attached two tie rod ends. Two other ends of the tie rods were attached to ears on knuckles. Handlebars was designed to move up and down and to change angle from to different points on the stem. Seat that came from a different mobility scooter was also adjustable in several directions. Motors chosen were 350 W hubmotors, each wheel their own motor. The two motors came in a kit along with two controllers, two brake discs, two brake calipers, one LCD screen and one throttle grip. Also author had to calculate the capacity and choose the batteries needed to traverse the distance author had set in the base data. Author also had to include other electric consumers that the vehicle had. Lastly author had to do a cost analysis and round up the numbers. Goal 2000 euros set at the start of the thesis was not enough money to design the vehicle as it was but nonetheless author thought that the vehicle should be designed further because there was not a similar scooter sold in Rebublic of Estonia unless it was orded from other country for a hefty price
Construction of cold store of Saaremaa Lihatööstus
No full textLõputöö teemaks on valitud Saaremaal, Kuressaare Linnas, Pikk tänav 81 territooriumil tegutseva OÜ Saaremaa Lihatööstuse külmkambri laiendamise ehituse organiseerimise projekt. Teema on mõeldud lõputöö autorile lahendamiseks kogemuse saamise eesmärgil. Käsitletav ehitusobjekt kuulub AS Tesmani tööportfelli, kes tegutseb OÜ Saaremaa Lihatööstusega sõlmitud peatöövõtu lepingu alusel. Lõputöö autor osales ehitustegevuses tellija poolse konsultandina AS Saare Ereki ja OÜ Saaremaa Lihatööstuse vahelise konsultatsioonilepingu alusel. Ehitustööde plaanitud täitmistähtaeg on ette antud 2015 aasta jaanuarist kuni augusti lõpuni 2015, mis on jagatud kaheks etapiks. Vahetähtajaks on määratud juurdeehituse osa lõppemine 30 juuni 2015 mis on võimalik saavutada järgides koostatud ajagraafikut. Antud töös lahendati täpsemalt juurdeehituse osa betoonitööde ja teraskarkassi montaažitööde tehnoloogia. Kuna ehitustegevus toimub paralleelselt lihatööstuse tootmisega lahendas töö autor tellija ja töövõtja vaheliste koostöö sujumiseks ühistegevuse plaani. Selle eesmärgiks on mõlemate poolte tegevuskavast teisepoole teavitamine, et võimalikult varakult planeerida vajalikud muutused. Töö koostamiseks saadi lähteandmed Taviko OÜ poolt lahendatud eelprojektist, OÜ Kuusiku inseneribüroo poolt lahendatud teraskonstruktsioonide tööprojektist ning OÜ Energiapartnerid poolt tehtud päikeseelektrijaama plaanidelt, mis oli kõik lubatud lõputöö autorile vabalt kasutamiseks. Lõputöö autor arvutas välja lahendatud tehnoloogilistes osades tööjõu vajaduse ja ajakulu, koostades leitud andmete põhjal graafilises osas joonisel nr 1 näidatud ehituse ajagraafiku. Lisaks koostas autor graafilises osas paikneva ehitusplatsi üldplaani ja vajalikud tehnoloogilised abijoonised, kus on märgitud kõik ehituseks vajalikud detailid.Construction of cold store of Saaremaa Lihatööstus. Technology of Steelwork erection works and Concreting The subject matter of this final thesis examines the steel frame assembly and concrete works related engineering solution in extending the company OÜ Saaremaa Lihatööstus’ cold storage facility. The object is located on the premises at Pikk 81, town of Kuressaare, Saaremaa. The subject matter endeavors to equip the author with useful experience as applicable solutions are found. The examined project is part of the portfolio of construction company AS Tesman that operates in this case on the basis of a general contractor agreement. The author of the final thesis participated in the relevant construction activity as a consultant of the ordering party based on a consulting agreement between AS Saare Ereki and OÜ Saaremaa Lihatööstus. The completion term of the construction work is scheduled for January 2015 to the end of August 2015 and is dividend in two stages. An interim deadline for the completion of the relevant extension is set at June 30, 2015; this deadline can be met if adhering to the time schedule prepared. This thesis accentuates the compilation of progress charts as this constitutes an area of most interest to the author. Construction activities are undertaken simultaneously with ongoing industrial meat production which causes numerous restrictions in organizing work on the construction site. By virtue of the above, the author undertook to prepare a joint action plan for the purposes of both the ordering party and the contractor to facilitate as smooth as possible collaboration and avoid excessive issues for either party. Input data for compilation of the thesis was drawn from the construction project prepared by Taviko OÜ, from the steel frame detailed design by engineering bureau OÜ Kuusik, and from the solar power station blueprint by OÜ Energiapartnerid which were all freely available to the author of this graduation thesis. 50 In the paper’s engineering related parts, the author of the final paper calculated the manpower requirements and expenditure of time, compiling in the paper’s graphic part the construction time schedule indicated in figure No. 1. In addition, the graphic part also includes an overall plan of the construction site and required technological supporting figures indicating all of the details relevant to the construction
Reconstruction of cable networks in Alu town
No full textLõputööga seoses oli autor diplomipraktikal AS Connecto Eesti ettevõttes, et saada uusi kogemusi elektri projekteerimisvaldkonnas. Autori on varasemalt tegelenud AS Connecto Eesti-s, projekteerimise ja geodeesia osakonnas, sideprojektide koostamisega. Autor ei olnud varasemalt kokku puutunud elektriprojektidega, mistõttu astus autor mugavustsoonist välja, et arendada ja valmistada ette end tulevikus elektri projektidele spetsialiseerumisega.
Lõputöös tutvustas ning kirjeldas autor projekteerimisprotsessi tööprojektis ehitatavatele elektripaigaldistele, mis võimaldas Elektrilevi OÜ-l anda Loo Elekter AS-ile üle Hundimäe, Kummuli ja Koondise alajaamad. Tehnilise ülesande lahendamiseks oli Enefit Connect OÜ poolt väljastatud lähteülesanne.
Lõputöös sai autor kirjeldada Enefit Connect OÜ poolt koostatud lähteülesande järgi kahe keskpinge mõõtekambriga paigaldatavat jaotlat, ehitavate keskpinge maakaablite (hundimäe ja Kummuli alajaamade vahelisel alal ühises trassis Loo Elekter AS kaablitega) ja demonteeritavate mittevajalike elektriõhuliinide projekteerimist. Lähteülesandes olid välja toodud uute trafode suurused ja kaabli ristlõiked.
Lõputöö esimeses peatükis kirjutas autor lühidalt projektist läbi käivatest ettevõtetest. Ettevõttete ajaloost ja tegevusvaldkondadest. Autor kirjeldas ka elektrivõrgu olemust ja tööülesandeid.
Teises lõputöö peatükis kirjeldas autor projekteerimisest üldisemalt, mis on projekteerimisstaadiumid, nõuded ja lähteandmed. Millest iga projekteerimise etapp koosneb ja mida need kajastavad.
Lõputöö viimases peatükis selgitas autor, mis on tööprojekt ja millised on selle põhiosad. Selleks autor kirjeldas lähteülesande olemust ja vajalikkust. Autor annab lühiülevaate projekteerimise alustamisest ja
projekteerimistingimuste taotlemisest kohalikult omavalitsuselt. Geodeetiline töö on asendiplaani aluseks ja autor kirjeldas, mida tuleb teha enne geodeetilise töö tellimust ja mida geodeetiline alusplaan sisaldama peab. Lisaks oli vaja koostada asendiplaan. Autor kirjeldas mida asendiplaan sisaldama peab ning seletas lahti antud projekti asendiplaani lahenduse. Peale asendiplaani valmimist seletab autor kellele on vaja asendiplaan kooskõlastamiseks saata ja milleks. Kui projekt hakkas valmima, tuli projekt kokku võtta mahu ja spetsifikatsioonitabeliga. Projekti lõpufaasina kirjeldas autor projekti üleandmist Enefit Connect OÜ-le.In connection with the dissertation, the author had a diploma internship in AS Connecto Eesti to gain new experience in the field of electrical design. The author has previously worked in AS Connecto Eesti, in the design and geodesy department, compiling communication projects. The author had not been in contact with electrical projects before, so the author stepped out of the comfort zone to develop and prepare for future specialization in electrical projects.
In the dissertation, the author introduced and described the design process for the electrical installations to be built in the work project, which enabled Elektrilevi OÜ to hand over the Hundimäe, Kummuli and Koondis substations to Loo Elekter AS. To solve the technical task, the initial task was issued by Enefit Connect OÜ.
In the dissertation, the author was able to describe the design of a switchyard with two medium voltage measuring chambers, the design of medium voltage underground cables (in the area between Hundimäe and Kummuli substations with the cables of Loo Elekter AS) and unnecessary overhead power lines to be dismantled according to the terms of reference prepared by Enefit Connect OÜ. The terms of reference for the new transformers and the cable cross-sections were outlined in the terms of reference.
In the first chapter of the dissertation, the author wrote briefly about the companies mentioned through the project. Company history and areas of activity. The author also described the nature and tasks of the electricity network.
In the second chapter of the dissertation, the author described design more generally, what are the design stages, requirements, and source data. What each design stage consists of and what they reflect.
In the last chapter of the dissertation, the author explained what a work project is and what its main parts are. To this end, the author described the nature and necessity of the initial task. The author gives a brief overview of the start of design and the application for design conditions from the local government. The geodetic work is the basis of the position plan and the author described what must be done before ordering the geodetic work and what the basic geodetic plan must contain. In addition, a position plan had to be drawn up. The author described what the position plan must contain and explained the solution of the position plan of the given project. After the completion of the position plan, the author explains to whom the position plan needs to be sent for approval and why. When the project started to be completed, the project had to be summarized with a volume and specification table. As the final phase of the project, the author described the transfer of the project to Enefit Connect OÜ
Organization of Construction Works at Tartu Tamme Gymnasium
No full textKäesoleva töö eesmärgiks oli lahendada Tartus asuva õppehoone rekonstrueerimistööde organiseerimine. Lõputöö algmaterjalideks on hoone tööprojektid, vastava ala konsultantidelt ja juhendajalt saadud informatsioon. Lisaks hoone projektdokumentatsiooni alusel koostatud arhitektuursete, konstruktiivsete ja eritööde lahenduste kirjeldustele on põhjalikumalt käsitletud hoone lammutus- ja katusetööd – tehnoloogikakaartides. Koostatud ehitusplatsi plaanil on töö autor kirjeldanud olulisemad liikumisteed ja objekti sissepääsud, soojakute ja ladustamisplatside asukohad. Generaalplaani teksti osas on leitud ajutise elektritoite võimsused ja ajutise vee torustiku läbimõõdud, mille asukohad on samuti märgitud ehitusplatsi plaanil. Lõputöö majanduslik osa annab ülevaadet objekti maksumusest ja mahtudest, mille alusel rekonstrueerimistööde maksumuseks kujunes 5 475 513 € + käibemaks. Sellest summast 55,2% moodustavad üldehitustööd, 40% on eritööde osakaal ja üldkulude osa on 4,9%. Vastavalt koostatud kalendrigraafikule ehitustööde kestus on 274 tööpäeva ja maksimaalne ehitustööliste vajadus objekti eelviimasel kuul on 78. Töö autor on lõputöö koostamisel rakendanud oma võrdlemisi pikaajalised ehitustööde organiseerimise kogemused, kui ka saanud tööprotsessis uusi teoreetilisi teadmisi.The subject of this final paper was the organization of construction work at Tartu Tamme Gymnasium. The reconstructed building is located in Tartu, Marjamõisa district, Nooruse 9. After the reconstruction, the school building will be used by Tartu Gymnasium for Adults (540 seats) and Tartu Tamme Gymnasium (500 seats). Another organization using the building is the Defence League (in Estonian – Kaitseliit), that has a shooting range set up in the basement floor that they are renting. Based on the project documentation prepared by Amhold AS, the author has compiled descriptions of the architectural, constructive and particular solutions used for the reconstructed building. In the technology charts, the technology for demolition and roofing work for the building is handled in more depth. In the drafted construction site plan, the author has described the important passages and entrances, the locations of shelters and storage yards. In the textual part of the construction site, temporary electrical power facilities and temporary water piping diameters have been found. The economic part of the thesis gives an overview of the cost and size of the object, on the grounds of which the cost of the reconstruction work came to be 5 457 513 € + value added tax. Construction work makes up 55,2 % of this sum, 40 % is spent on specialized tasks and the general expenses part is 4,9%. According to the calendar schedule, the construction work lasts for 13 months and the maximum number of workers on the object is 78. In composing this thesis, the author has applied his relatively experience in organizing construction work, but also the new theoretical knowledge learned through the process of work
Organization of the construction of Papiniidu 66 apartment building
No full textKäesoleva ehituse organiseerimise teemalise lõputöö peamine eesmärk oli Papiniidu 66 kortermaja ehituse organiseerimine. Lähteandmeteks oli AS YIT ehitusettevõtte elamuarenduse projekt, kus peamised organiseerimiseks vajalikud lähteandmed on autor võtnud Arhitektuuribüroo Luhse & Tuhal arhitektuursest põhiprojektist. Lisaks on kasutud Piko Projekt OÜ poolt koostatud konstruktiivset tööprojekti ning Arcus Projekt OÜ koostatud tehnosüsteemide projekte. Korterelamu ehituseelarve leidmiseks on kasutatud peamiselt EKE NORA andmebaasi. Nimetatud andmebaas on ka ajanormide ja nendest tulenevate tööde kestvuste leidmise aluseks. Hoone eelarve ja organiseerimise kulude määramiseks on kasutatud on ka konsultantide ettepanekuid. Lõputöös on kirjeldatud korterelamu arhitektuurset olemust ning hoone konstruktsioonide põhimõttelisi lahendusi. Kahes tehnoloogiakaardis on autor põhjalikult lahendanud hoone fassaadi soojustus- ja viimistlustööde tegemise ning hoone vahelagedel olevate põrandate tasandusvalude teostamise. Tehnoloogiakaardid on koostatud hoone konstruktiivsetest lahendustest lähtudes ning autor on püüdnud anda kõiki tingimusi arvesse võttes kõige optimaalsemad lahendused ehitustööde teostamiseks. Pärnus Papiniidu tänaval asuva kortermaja kohta on koostatud ehitustööde mahutabel ja on leitud võimalikult täpne ehituse detaileelarve. Hoone eelarveliseks maksumuseks kujunes EKE NORA ja konsultantide andmetest lähtudes 704 506,04 €. Ehituse organiseerimise kulud leidis autor eraldi peatükis ning selleks summaks kujunes 42 515,83 €, mis on 6,0% hoone eelarvelisest kogu-maksumusest. Määratud on EKE NORA ajanormide alusel ning ehitusmahtudest sõltuvad ehitustööde kestvused ning töölisbrigaadide arvulised kooseisud. Ehitusprotsessi pikkuseks määras autor 198 tööpäeva. Kortermaja kasutusloa saamine on planeeritud 2014 juunisse. Autori poolt on lahendatud ehitusplatsi põhimõtteline korraldus, mis kajastub ehituse generaalplaanil. Generaalplaanil on näidatud töömaa suurus, mis on eraldatud piirdeaiaga ehitusplatsi perimeetril. Generaalplaan sisaldab ka objekti peavärava paiknemise asukohta, üldvalgustuse asukohta, soojakute paiknemise plaani ning krundi piirides asuvaid kõvakattega teid, millel toimub autokraana liikumine. Autor on nimetanud ja kirjeldanud ka olulisemaid nõudeid, mis puudutavad tuleohutuse, töövahendite ja objektil teostatavate tööliikide kohta käivaid üldisemaid ohutusnõudeid. The subject of this final paper is administration of building activity in regard with a 3-storey apart-ment house in Pärnu city. The apartment house under construction locates in Papiniidu street in Mai district, Pärnu. The work reviews the architectural and structural solutions. The work is based on the principal architectural design made by an „Arhitekturibüroo Luhse & Tu-hal“ and the structural part of a detailed project made by Piko Projekt OÜ. In addition, the author used the engineering project of the utilities system by Arcus Projekt OÜ. The final paper contains an architectural scope of the conceptual construction solution of the apart-ment house. In two technological process charts the author thoroughly solved the facade insulation and finishing works for the house, and performance of floors pouring. The author compiled a table of price offers for the apartment house located in Papiniidu street, Pärnu, and calculated the most precise detailed construction budget possible. Based on data pro-vided by EKE NORA and consultants, the budgeted cost of the house is 704 506,04 €. In a separate chapter the author calculated costs of administration of building activity and found that the amount is 42 515,83 €, which makes 6,0% of the total budgeted costs. According to the author, an estimated length of the building process is 198 working days. The author solved general site organisation, which is shown in the engineering layout. The engi-neering layout displays an area of work enclosed along the perimeter of the site. The engineering layout also contains a location of the main gate, location of general lighting, location of housing and hard surface roads within the site for movement of truck crane. In addition, the author named and defined the most significant job safety requirements in relation to fire safety, instrumentation and classes of work performed on the construction site
Organising General Construction Works of Aaspere Agro
No full textLõputöö peamine eesmärk oli Aaspere Agro OÜ farmikompleksi üldehitustööde organiseerimine, mille raames koostati tehnoloogiakaardid robotlauda montaažitöödest ning vedelsõnnikumahutite betoneerimisest. Lisaks on välja toodud kvaliteedinõuded ning iga tööliigi kohta ka tööohutusnõuded. Lähteandmetena kasutas töö autor Pekko Projekt OÜ poolt koostatud arhitektuurset ehitusprojekti. Kompleksi konstruktiivne põhi- ja tööprojekt on lõputöö kirjutamise ajal koostamisel. Tehnoloogiakaardite koostamisel kasutas töö autor varem valminud objektide tööjooniseid. Kalendergraafiku peatükis on lühidalt kirjeldatud kõiki objektil toimuvaid ehitustööde tehnoloogilisi protsesse. Kalendergraafiku koostamisel konsulteeris töö autor konsultandiga, et leida optimaalne tööde kestus, tehnoloogiline järjekord ning ressurside vajadus. Samuti koostas töö autor ehitusplatsi plaani millel on välja toodud ehitusmehhanismide liikumine, materjalide ladustamise laoplatsid, objektisoojakute ala ning ajutised liitumispunktid. Ühtlasi on lahendatud ka ajutine vee- ja elektrivajadus ehitustöödeks. Lisana on esitatud lõputöös ehituseelarve, mille põhjal kujunes farmikompleksi ehitustööde üldmaksumuseks 3 562 027, 56 € (lisandub käibemaks). Millest omakorda 57,6 % moodustavad uusehitiste maksumuse ja 42,6 % rekonstrueeritavata hoonete maksumuse. Lisaks moodustas üldmaksumusest 3,54 % organiseerimise kulud. Kompleksi ehituseelarve koostamisel on kasutatud peamiselt EKE NORA andmebaasi, lisaks on antud andmebaas ajanormide ja nendest tulenevate tööde kestuse leidmise aluseks. Eelarvet on korrigeeritud vastavalt konsultantide ettepanekutele. Samuti on lisadena graafilises osas joonised ja kalenderplaan ning tehnoloogiakaardid. Kalendergraafiku kohaselt on objekti ehitustööde kestuseks 188 tööpäeva ehk 9 kuud. Käesolev lõputöö osutus töö autorile väga huvitavaks õppetööks, sest puudus suurte farmikomplekside ehitustööde organiseerimise kogemusThe main objective of this final thesis on the topic of construction organisation was the organisation of general construction works of the farm complex of Aaspere Agro OÜ, in the scope of which technology maps were prepared of assembly works of automated barn and covering liquid manure tanks with concrete. In addition, quality requirements are provided and for each type of work, occupational safety as well. The author used architectural construction project prepared by Pekko Projekt OÜ as basic data. The structural main and working project of the complex are currently being prepared at the time of writing this final thesis. The author used graphs of earlier objects in preparing technology maps. The chapter of the calendar schedule briefly describes the technological construction process of all construction works on the object. The author consulted with a consultant when preparing the calendar schedule in order to determine the optimal duration of works, technological sequence and the need for resources. The author also created a plan for the construction site, which provides the movement of construction mechanisms, storage sites for materials, the area of barracks and temporary connecting points. The need for temporary water and electricity for construction works has also been resolved at the same time. The construction budget has been annexed to the paper, which establishes that the total cost of construction works of the farm complex was €3 562 027.56 (without VAT). 57.6% of this is the cost of new facilities and the remaining 42.6% the cost of renovated buildings. In addition, 3.54% of the total cost were organising costs. The construction budget of the complex is prepared mainly with the use of the EKE NORA database, which is also the basis for determining time norms and the duration of works provided by those. The budget is adjusted on the basis of consultants’ suggestions. Annexed to the graphic part of the paper are also drawings, the calendar plan and 68 technological maps. Based on the calendar schedule, the construction works at the site will last 188 working days and approximately 9 months. This final thesis was a very interesting learning experience for the author despite the prior extensive experience in construction, as there was no prior experience of organising construction works of large farm complexes
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