1,721,012 research outputs found
Practical applications of the Endangered Languages Project
No full textThe Endangered Languages Project (ELP) website, launched in June of 2012 and available online at www.endangeredlanguages.com, is the result of collaboration between Google and the Catalogue of Endangered Languages (ELCat).
The purpose of the Endangered Languages Project is two-fold: 1) to provide the most accurate and up to date statistics, information, and vitality assessments for the world’s endangered languages, and 2) to provide a space where users can share audio, video, and textual samples of their languages, connect with one another, collaborate, and share their experiences. Broadly, these purposes correspond to two different (although not mutually exclusive) audiences: 1) professional linguists and researchers, and 2) community member stakeholders and speakers of endangered languages.
The goals of this paper are to demonstrate how both these audiences can use the ELP site to their advantage, and to stimulate discussion about how the website may be improved in the future to further benefit speakers, community stakeholders, and researchers of endangered languages. Specific features of the ELP site and their applications are examined, with particular attention given to:
• Unique tools the ELP site provides endangered language researchers, such as the Documentation Index, levels of certainty associated with vitality assessments, and the language guide tab.
• Features geared towards facilitating discussion, collaboration, and the dissemination of information among endangered language speakers and community members, such as the language material (‘samples’) upload function and the linkage of language specific Google Groups to individual language pages.
• Examples of how the ELP site has already been put to use for documentation, revitalization, and instructional purposes.
Both the ELP website and the ELCat database are works in progress, not yet fully completed. The paper concludes with an assessment of how successful the ELP site has been so far in reaching the two audiences indicated above, whether users have been taking advantage of all the functions of the site, and ways in which endangeredlanguages.com may be improved in the future to maximize utility to speakers, community members, and researchers of endangered languages alike
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
New knowledge: Findings from the Catalogue of Endangered Languages
Get PDFThe Catalogue of Endangered Languages, recently launched at endangeredlanguages.com, has already produced valuable new knowledge about the endangered languages of the world. The purpose of this paper is to make some of these findings known, in particular, ones with particular importance for how endangered languages are talked about generally.
We report examples of the following sorts:
Hard evidence from the Catalogue shows that 3054 languages are currently endangered (43% of all languages), based on precise criteria. This 43% is near to the oft-cited 50% (but far from the 90% worst-case) scenario of languages expected to become extinct or doomed by the century’s end.
Of all known named languages, 634 have become extinct, 141 of these (22%) in recent times (in the last 40 years). This concrete evidence demonstrates that the rate of language extinction has become much more highly accelerated in recent times, as often claimed.
All the languages of exactly 100 families, including isolates, have become extinct, from among the world’s 420 language families –24% of linguistic diversity has been lost forever. This confirms the common claim of significant loss of language diversity.
There are 335 languages with fewer than 10 speakers (11% of all endangered languages).
The very frequently repeated claim that one language goes extinct each 2 weeks is not supported by the findings; rather, the Catalogue of Endangered Languages finds that on average only 3.5 languages become extinct per year, i.e. about 1 each 4 months, true now and for any time span during the last 40 years. Though not as dramatic as the oft-cited claim, loss of 1 language every 4 months is tragic, with its irreparable damage and loss. There is no need to continue to repeat the inaccurate claim, which ultimately could have negative repercussions for our field -- the number is still shocking.
We side with Copernicus: “to know that we know what we know, and to know that we do not know what we do not know, is true knowledge.” As the Catalogue of Endangered Languages moves into the next phase, its goal is to achieve true knowledge by obtaining information on the endangered languages that we know that we do not currently have enough information for, and thereby produce new knowledge relevant to several audiences and relevant to how endangered languages are talked about generally
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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