130,700 research outputs found
Introduction
No full textIn this volume we compile and comment on a collection of some of the most important works on nascent entrepreneurship that have appeared in the last two decades. We do not go further back than that because up until1992 hardly any systematic research on the pre-operational stage of business creation was undertaken. In that year, the terms ’nascent entrepreneur’ and ’nascent venture’ appear for the first time in the research literature (Reynolds and Miller, Chapter l, 1992; Reynolds and White, 1992). This signals the emergence of a new research paradigm designed to study? business creation processes empirically at very early stages, before an operational firm has come into existence. The most central feature of this type of research is that it identifies a statistically representative sample of nascent entrepreneurs (NEs)- people engaged in ongoing but not yet operational business start-ups- via screening interviews with a very large random sample of adults. The overarching research questions pursued in this emerging research tradition are the following: 1. What proportion of individuals (in various population subgroups) are trying to start a new business at any given time? 2. What led them to engage in the creation of a new business? 3. What characteristics and behaviors associated with the founder(s), the venture, the environment and the process are associated with persistence, progress and success in trying to start a new business?Katie Barclay and Deborah Simonto
Recention av Simonton, D. K. (2004) Creativity in science. Chance, logic, genius, and Zeitgeist. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
No full textRecention av Simonton, D. K. (2004) Creativity in science. Chance, logic, genius, and Zeitgeist. Cambridge: Cambridge University Pres
Data for "How Well Do Bibliometric Indicators Correlate with Scientific Eminence? A Comment on Simonton (2016). "
No full textBibliometric indices of 69 eminent psychologists born between 1842 and 1912. Reputation, number of works cited, and total citations were computed by Simonton (1992) using 1981-1985 citation records (data obtained from Dean K. Simonton, personal communication, June 17, 2018). The h-index was computed in June 2018 using Google Scholar. The search was restricted to the years between each author’s first and last cited publication. Author searches were repeated using the first name (e.g., “Gordon Allport”), the first initial (e.g., “G Allport”), and all the initials when applicable (e.g., “GW Allport”). Duplicate entries were excluded but multiple editions of the same book were retained.Reference: Simonton, D. K. (1992). Leaders of American psychology, 1879-1967: Career development, creative output, and professional achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 5–17. <br
Charles P. Simonton, Roosevelt for Four Years More!, 1940
No full textSheet music of a song written by Charles P. Simonton in 1940 titled Roosevelt for Four Years More!, supporting the re-election of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.https://digitalcommons.memphis.edu/speccoll-mss-cpsimontonfamily1/1091/thumbnail.jp
How well do bibliometric indicators correlate with scientific eminence? A comment on Simonton (2016)
No full textCiting an earlier study on eminence in psychology, Simonton (2016) argued that associations between measures of scholars’ reputation, scientific productivity, and citation counts are only small to moderate [Simonton, D. K. (2016). Giving credit where credit’s due: why it’s so hard to do in psychological science. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11, 888-892]. However, this reading is based on partial regression coefficients, which underestimate the joint explanatory power of correlated variables. A reanalysis of the original data showed that a composite bibliometric index was substantially associated with reputation (b = .70, 46% explained variance). Very similar results were obtained with a newly calculated h-index (b = .67, 42% explained variance). While both Simonton’s original analysis and the present reanalysis are inherently limited, the data suggest that the reputation of psychologists tracks their scientific contribution more closely than has been acknowledged in the recent literature
Men, women and the supply of luxury goods in eighteenth century England: the purchasing patterns of Edward and Mary Leigh
No full textThe pursuit of luxury has long been seen as a key element in the consumption practices of the elite: it marked their status and distinguished them from lower social groups. Indeed, the nature of the goods being consumed was central to Thorstein Veblen’s notion of conspicuous consumption as a means of cementing and displaying social status. He had little to say about the role of gender in the consumption of these costly positional goods, but the implication is that a family’s luxury consumption was largely a male domain, not least because they were responsible for the kinds of dynastic spending that defined status. Of course, women also bought luxury goods and often played an active part in shaping the material culture of the house. Indeed, for Sombart and others, it was female addiction to luxury that underpinned spending and was ultimately responsible for the emergence of capitalism – an argument that is rehearsed by McKendrick and others when emphasising the key role played by women in a fashion-led consumer revolution. Partly in response to this, recent years have seen an abundance of research on the consumption practices of elite women which emphasises their key role in exercising restraint and care, as well as their independent agency as consumers. A rather smaller body of work has sought to explore the distinctive character and manifestation of male consumption. In the former especially, the distinctive gendered role of women is often seen as lying in servicing the domestic realm.The contrast is drawn most clearly by Vickery in her analysis of the account books of elite husbands and wives. She shows men indulging their tastes and passions, buying coaches and saddlery, wine and fine clothes. Their wives, meanwhile, were responsible for managing the household budget and supplying the everyday needs of their husband and children. Moreover, men enjoyed a close, even chummy relationship with suppliers, whilst women interacted with tradesmen in a more functional and transactional manner. Others, though, have suggested a more even distribution of power and responsibilities. Greig, for example, shows Lady Strafford as an active consumer for the family home, even though she operated with and through her husband. From this growing body of research, we know a lot about the gendered nature of luxury consumption and the ways in which male and female consumption inter-related within the nuptial home. However, far less has been written about how gender impacted upon consumption practices if we look beyond the confines of married couples. In particular, we know little about the role of gender in shaping relationships with retailers – most of them urban based.This chapter seeks to address these two issues by exploring the spending patterns of a brother and sister – Edward, fifth Lord Leigh (1743-86) and the Honourable Mary Leigh (1736-1806) – who were successive owners of Stoneleigh Abbey in Warwickshire. They form an interesting case against which to test some our assumptions about gender and luxury consumption. Drawing on a large collection of receipted bills and related correspondence, the chapter addresses two main areas. First, by mapping out the overall spending patterns of Edward and Mary, we assess the importance of gender in relation to status, life-course and the character of the individual. We argue that the meaning and relative weight of gender and elite identities changed during an individual’s life – something which was especially, but not exclusively true for women. Building on this, we examine the nature of their relationship with (mostly urban) suppliers. Where did they look to for goods, how was this shaped by their location relative to urban centres of supply, and how far was their interaction shaped by their life-stage, status and gender? Of particular interest here are the (different) ways in which brother and sister interacted with the same suppliers. Overall, our analysis challenges easy stereotypes of gender-based consumption by highlighting the complexities of consumption practices and the layered nature of gender identities
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
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