125 research outputs found
Decomposing R2 with the Owen value
No full textWe provide an axiomatization-based justification for applying the Owen value to decompose R2 in OLS models if prior knowledge can be used to form groups of regressor variables. The assumptions made by the axioms are not only plausible with respect to the variables but also clarify the meaning of the exogenous grouping of variables. --Shapley value,Owen value,OLS,variance decomposition,German Socio-Economic Panel
White organic light-emitting diodes with 4 nm metal electrode
No full textWe investigate metal layers with a thickness of only a few nanometers as anode replacement for indium tin oxide (ITO) in white organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The ultrathin metal electrodes prove to be an excellent alternative that can, with regard to the angular dependence and efficiency of the OLED devices, outperform the ITO reference. Furthermore, unlike ITO, the thin composite metal electrodes are readily compatible with demanding architectures (e.g., top-emission or transparent OLEDs, device unit stacking, etc.) and flexible substrates. Here, we compare the sheet resistance of both types of electrodes on polyethylene terephthalate for different bending radii. The electrical performance of ITO breaks down at a radius of 10 mm, while the metal electrode remains intact even at radii smaller than 1 mm.Peer reviewe
Investor-state arbitration under TTIP resolving investment disputes in an (autonomous) EU legal order
No full textThe prospect of inclusion of the investment-state dispute settlement (ISDS) in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), gave rise to heated debate and strong criticism in many EU countries. The initially much polarised either-or discussion has recently gained a more nuanced tone with Trade Commissioner's Cecilia Malmström's opening up for a reform of ISDS. In this report, Hannes Lenk analyses the systemic challenges of inclusion of ISDS provisions in the TTIP, and their compatibility with the principle of autonomy in the EU legal order. The author argues that the risk of incompatibility of the ISDS framework can be alleviated by innovative drafting of the relevant provisions. The publication is a part of the SIEPS research project The EU as a global powe
Electrocution of raptors at power lines in Central Kazakhstan
No full textAlong three transects of medium voltage power lines in the steppe of Central Kazakhstan, surveys for bird casualties were carried out in summer 2006 in order to estimate the quantitative and qualitative impact of power lines on bird mortality in this area. In total, 409 dead birds of 34 different species were found. Raptors represented 44 % of the total (179 individuals, 10 species). Most of them died due to electrocution. The proportion of raptors strongly varied between early and late summer, the increase in August suggests that especially young birds are prone to electrocution. The density of raptor casualties varied from 0.1 to 7.6 birds per line km and month. Adverse effects of power lines on bird life could be avoided by changing the pole construction (use of suspended insulators) or protective measures (e. g. caps).Zur Bestimmung des qualitativen und quantitativen Ausmaßes des Stromtodes von Vögeln in Zentralkasachstan wurden im Sommer 2006 Transektzählungen entlang von drei Mittelspannungsleitungen in dieser Region durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden 409 tote Vögel (34 verschiedene Arten) gefunden, davon 44 % Greifvögel (179 Individuen, 10 Arten). Der Großteil starb durch Elektrokution. Der Anteil der Greifvögel variierte stark zwischen Früh- und Spätsommer. Der Anstieg im August lässt vermuten, dass Jungvögel besonders gefährdet sind. Die Greifvogeldichte betrug zwischen 0,1 und 7.6 Vögel pro Transekt-km und Monat. Durch veränderte Mastenkonstruktion (hängende Isolatoren) oder Schutzmaßnahmen (isolierende Hauben) kann viel zum Vogelschutz beigetragen werden
Causality, Experiment, and Anthropomorphism
No full textThe experimentalist theory of causality presupposes the free capacity of interfering with the natural course of events and this raises the problem of anthropomorphism. The author discusses the most common objections concerning anthropomorphism. He distinguishes between two kinds of anthropomorphism: the first has been rightly rejected by modern science, but the second is inescapable for all theories of causality
Influence of Astrocytes on Working Memory
No full textThe central nervous system is the key controller in the human body. All aspects of live - from basic functions such as breathing to higher cognitive processes as memory building or complex decision making - have a network of neural cells at its core. While neuronal cells have been subject to intensive research for more than a century, the role of glial cells - the second major group of cell types in the brain - including astrocytes is still relatively unknown or contradictory. The focus of this thesis lies on memory processes and the astrocytic impact on them.Working memory is a memory module which describes the short-term storage and processing of input data. A classic example is remembering a phone number before noting it down or typing it. Working memory is the fundamental building block for many cognitive functions such as prediction, goal-directed behavior and decision-making. Its impairment is tragically visible in various forms of dementia which can be caused by Alzheimer’s Disease or Parkinson’s Disease. Understanding the role of an astrocytic pathway as a possible underlying mechanism of working memory, could help strategies to prevent and treat these diseases and improve patients’ quality of life. The goal of this thesis is to provide support for astrocytic gliotransmission as a fundamental pathway in regard to Working memory. To this end, stability analysis of a tripartite modelwith novel modifications shows the ability of extended firing in the presence of gliotransmission and hence, the principal ability for memory storage. Building upon this cell model, a complex network consisting of an established neuron-astrocyte structure is investigated. Different simulation scenarios show the possibility of astrocytes to store neuronal information during the absence of input signal and thus, showing a possible method for working memory.Simultaneously, two competing theories of persistent and sparse delay activity are explained by varying strength of astrocytic gliotransmission while showing working memory functionality for both cases. Classical working memory experiments on primates are used as guiding points for the simulation sequence in order to provide comparability and authenticity.Mechanical Engineering | Systems and Contro
Collusion, symmetry, and the Banzhaf value
No full textWe resolve redundancies in the characterizations of the Banzhaf value suggested by Haller (1994, Int J Game Theory 23, 261-281) and Malawski (2002, Int J Game Theory 31:47-67). In particular, we show that the collusion properties employed by them are equivalent. Combined with the dummy player axiom, any of the collusion properties has strong symmetry implications whenever the cardinality of the player set exceeds two. Finally, we establish that the Banzhaf value is non-redundantly characterized by the dummy player axiom and any of the collusion properties, provided that the player set is as above. --Banzhaf value,symmetry,collusion,proxy,association,distrust
O processo de construção de paradigmas e migração da aprendizagem no âmbito da implantação da norma NBR ISO 14.000, em meios de hospedagem
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de ProduçãoO presente trabalho partiu da hipótese principal de que só há mudança real na organização, quando há mudança efetiva no indivíduo. Buscou-se através de estudo de caso, junto ao Hotel Tropical das Cataratas - Eco Resort, identificar os pontos de contato entre os sistemas empresa e sistema família, pontos estes presentes no universo da implantação da ISO 14001 no setor de serviços e em particular em meios de hospedagem. Os mesmos foram identificados, de forma a mapear as principais alterações no paradigma dos indivíduos, para subsidiar as ações de implantação e manutenção de sistemas de gestão ambiental. Apesar do fato de que os Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental e a adesão as Normas ISO 14.000, fazerem parte na atualidade, do contexto das empresas, encontram-se grandes dificuldades e desafios na sua consecução e sucesso. Estes desafios, que passam pela característica de que em regra geral os serviços são produzidos e consumidos praticamente em tempo real, além de estarem implicitamente e continuamente alimentados pelos indivíduos que na organização atuam. Esta interação coloca o comportamento organizacional e os impactos na variável humana em posição crítica para o sucesso dos processos. A pesquisa evidenciou que os individuos ou atores do processo, estabelecem uma relação de troca entre os sistemas onde estão inseridos, principalmente entre a organização e o sistema família. Esta interação, se replica em migração de informações e posturas, sendo preponderante os pontos que reconhecem como relevantes e reconhecidos como importantes pela sociedade. Estes pontos são continuamente identificados pelos atores dentro do processo de aprendizagem realizado na empresa. Os itens mais importantes detectados pelo trabalho, foram os impactos positivos no paradigma pessoal dos atores ou colaboradoes na empresa, no entendimento dos fundamentos da questão ambiental e sua aplicação, mesmo em seus aspectos filosóficos. Este fato gerou a conscientização e a descoberta de que o meio ambiente não é um problema afeto só a vida do sistema empresa, mas e principalmente, que as ações voltadas a sua conservação e posturas sustentáveis, representa e projeta algo muito importante também para seu sistema família, com reflexos positivos e reconhecimento personalizado nos indivíduos que do mesmo, na empresa participaram. The current work, started from de principal hypothesis that there's only real change in the organization, when there's effective changing in the individual. Searched throught of studying of case, joined to Cataratas Tropical Hotel- Eco Resort, to identify the points between the enterprise system and family system, points that are present in the universe of implantation of the ISO 14001 in the service sector and in particular kind of lodging. The same were identified, to map the principal alternations in the paradigm of individuals, to subsidise the actions of implantation and the maintenance of systems of enviromental management. In spite of the fact that the Enviromental Management and adhesion to the rules of ISO 14.000 ,take part in the present, in the context of the enterprises, great difficulties and challenge are found in its attainment and success. These challenges, that are considered in general rules that the services are poroduced and consumed practically in real time, besides being implicitly and continuosly feeding by individuals that act in the organization. This interaction put the organizational behavior and the impact in the human range in critical position to the success of the processes. The research showed that the individuals or actors of the process, established a relationship of changing between the systems where they are inserted, mainly between the organization and family system. This interaction , replies itself in migration of information and positions, being predominant the points that recognize as relevant and important by the society. This points are continuosly identified by the actors inside the learning process took place in the enterprise. The most important items detected by the work, were the positive impacts in the actors personal paradigm or colaborators in the enterprise, in the understanding of basis of the environmental questions and its aplication, even in its philosophic aspects. This fact raised the awareness and discovery that the environment is not a problem that affects only the enterprise system, but and principaly, that the actions related to its conservation and supportable position, it also represents and projects something very important to its family system with positive reflection and personalized recognition in the individuals that in the enterprise participate
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