176 research outputs found
Right of rescission of the author gem. 137 1 Abs. 1 UrhG in practice
No full textAs part of the reform of the German Copyright Act (UrhG) Section 1371 deals with a transitional measure for new types of publication. In particular it allows publishers to make use of online publishing without previous license agreements with copyright holders. However, a copyright holder can prohibit such forms of publication through a formal declaration within one year of the law's enactment. This paper deals with the right to revoke permission and discusses several specific instances in order to show whether, and to what extent, the exercise of this legal right actually safeguards the interests of copyright holders
On the Relationship between Filter Spaces and Equilogical Spaces
No full textIt was already known that the category of T 0 topological spaces is not itself cartesian closed, but can be embedded into the cartesian closed categories FIL of filter spaces and EQU of equilogical spaces where the latter embeds into the cartesian closed category ASSM of assemblies over algebraic lattices. Here, we first clarify the notion of filter space---there are at least three versions FIL a ' FIL b ' FIL c in the literature. We establish adjunctions between FIL a and ASSM and between FIL c and ASSM, and show that FIL b and FIL c are equivalent to reflective full subcategories of ASSM. The corresponding categories FIL b 0 and FIL c 0 of T 0 spaces are equivalent to full subcategories of EQU. Keywords: Categorical models and logics, domain theory and applications Author's address: Reinhold Heckmann, FB 14 -- Informatik, Universitat des Saarlandes, Postfach 151150, D-66041 Saarbrucken, Germany Phone: +49 681 302 2454 Fax: +49 681 302 3065 e-mail: [email protected]..
Multi-temporal analysis of morphological changes in an Alpine proglacial area and their effect on sediment transfer
No full textProglacial areas in high-mountain environments are among the most dynamic landscape zones in terms of morphological, sedimentological, and hydrological changes. In fact, in such areas both glacial and paraglacial dynamics exert a strong control on water fluxes (and thus on bedload transport capacity) and on sediment supply. Because of the rapid changes undergoing in these environments, the understanding of the dynamics of sediment transfer and the prediction of how this will change in future still remain a challenge. In this study, we used four different high-resolution topographic surveys to quantitatively analyse the spatio-temporal patterns of sediment transport that occurred in the proglacial area of the Sulden glacier (South Tirol, Italy). The topographic surveys covered the period 2013–2019 and – by building DEMs of difference (DoDs) – we calculated the volumes of erosion and deposition occurring at the glacier terminus and along its outflow channels. Our results indicate that, within the analysed time-period and for different areas, erosion and deposition generally show similar values, suggesting that the analysed proglacial areas has been acting both as a sediment trap and as a sediment source for the downstream river reaches. In addition, the results indicate a complex morphological dynamics, which have strongly impacted coarse sediment connectivity in the upper catchment. In particular, high temperatures and the recent and rapid glacier melt, have promoted a direct control on the structural connectivity within the proglacial area. Morphological changes have increased or decreased sediment connectivity depending on pre-existing morphological features. In contrast, extreme precipitation events, both in term of rainfall and snowfall, have locally and temporally increased the functional connectivity, sometimes leading to long-term modifications in the proglacial area. Overall, in the analysed time-period sediment transfer has been extremely dynamic, suggesting that sediment in the downstream river channel may have been supplied with irregular pulses associated with the morphological changes taking place in the proglacial area
Protection from environmental enteric dysfunction and growth improvement in malnourished newborns by amplification of secretory IgA.
No full textEnvironmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a condition associated with malnutrition that can progress to malabsorption and villous atrophy. Severe EED results in linear growth stunting, slowed neurocognitive development, and unresponsiveness to oral vaccines. Prenatal exposure to malnutrition and breast feeding by malnourished mothers replicates EED. Pups are characterized by deprivation of secretory IgA (SIgA) and altered development of the gut immune system and microbiota. Extracellular ATP (eATP) released by microbiota limits T follicular helper (Tfh) cell activity and SIgA generation in Peyer's patches (PPs). Administration of a live biotherapeutic releasing the ATP-degrading enzyme apyrase to malnourished pups restores SIgA levels and ameliorates stunted growth. SIgA is instrumental in improving the growth and intestinal immune competence of mice while they are continuously fed a malnourished diet. The analysis of microbiota composition suggests that amplification of endogenous SIgA may exert a dominant function in correcting malnourishment dysbiosis and its consequences on host organisms, irrespective of the actual microbial ecology
Enantio-Complementary Synthesis of 2-Substituted Pyrrolidines and Piperidines via Transaminase-Triggered Cyclizations
No full textChiral N-heterocycles are a common motif in many active pharmaceutical ingredients; however, their synthesis often relies on the use of heavy metals. In recent years, several biocatalytic approaches have emerged to reach enantiopurity. Here, we describe the asymmetric synthesis of 2-substituted pyrrolidines and piperidines, starting from commercially available ω-chloroketones by using transaminases, which has not yet been comprehensively studied. Analytical yields of up to 90% and enantiomeric excesses of up to >99.5% for each enantiomer were achieved, which has not previously been shown for bulky substituents. This biocatalytic approach was applied to synthesize (R)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)pyrrolidine on a 300 mg scale, affording 84% isolated yield, with >99.5% ee.</p
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in thymoma-associated and non-thymoma myasthenia gravis
No full textIncludes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acetylcholine receptor antibody- mediated disease targeting the neuromuscular junction resulting in fatigable muscle weakness. A number of reports have suggested a high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms amongst MG patients. Approximately 10% of MG subjects are found to have an associated thymoma and despite thymomectomy, the MG persists. The presence of thymoma may lead to other antibody-mediated neuropsychiatric manifestations including limbic encephalitis. We hypothesized that the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms may be higher in MG subjects with thymoma-associated MG when compared with those who have non-thymoma MG. This study aims to compare the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in a South African population of non-thymoma MG and thymoma-associated MG
Expertise von Lehrpersonen für inklusiven Mathematikunterricht der Sekundarstufe : Ausgangspunkte zur Professionalisierungsforschung
No full textSeitz S, Häsel-Weide U, Wilke Y, Wallner M, Heckmann L. Expertise von Lehrpersonen für inklusiven Mathematikunterricht der Sekundarstufe : Ausgangspunkte zur Professionalisierungsforschung. k:ON - Kölner Online Journal für Lehrer*innenbildung. 2020;2(2):50-69.Der Bedarf nach forschungsbasierten Erkenntnissen zur Professionalisierung von Lehrpersonen für das Fach Mathematik im inklusiven Unterricht der Sekundarstufe ist weiterhin groß. In unserer interdisziplinär angelegten qualitativen Studie erschließen wir über die sinnhafte Verknüpfung von Erkenntnissen und forschungsmethodischen Strategien des strukturtheoretischen und des kompetenzorientierten Ansatzes Handlungswissen von Lehrpersonen mit langjähriger Praxiserfahrung in inklusiven Schulen aus inklusions- und mathematikdidaktischer Perspektive. Erste Ergebnisse der qualitativen Studie verdeutlichen das spezifische Potential der Zusammenführung von kompetenz- und strukturtheoretisch geprägten Auswertungsperspektiven für die interdisziplinäre Forschung zum Gegenstand. The need for research-based findings on the professionalization of mathematics teachers in inclusive secondary education remains high. Therefore, we conducted an interdisciplinary and qualitative study. Combining the structural-functional based and the competence-based approach to professionalization of teachers we reconstruct the implicit knowledge and believes from the perspective of mathematics didactics and inclusive pedagogy. First findings of the qualitative study show the potential of combining research methods based on competence based and structural-functional based approaches for interdisciplinary research on the subject
Integration and political integration in Germany.
No full textIn this article the author deals with the process of integration and with aspects of the integration policy related to immigrants. He begins by defining formally the concept of integration, connecting it afterward specifically with the processes of integration and adding to it the normative aspect. Throughout the article, he distinguishes four dimensions related to integration: the structural, the cultural, the social and the identificatorial dimensions dealing with each on lenght in connection with the situation and the policies of integration in present day Germany
Peroxygenase-Catalyzed Allylic Oxidation Unlocks Telescoped Synthesis of (1S,3R)-3-Hydroxycyclohexanecarbonitrile
No full textThe unmatched chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity of enzymes renders them powerful catalysts in the synthesis of chiral active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Inspired by the discovery route toward the LPA1-antagonist BMS-986278, access to the API building block (1S,3R)-3-hydroxycyclohexanecarbonitrile was envisaged using an ene reductase (ER) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to set both stereocenters. Starting from the commercially available cyclohexene-1-nitrile, a C-H oxyfunctionalization step was required to introduce the ketone functional group, yet several chemical allylic oxidation strategies proved unsuccessful. Enzymatic strategies for allylic oxidation are underdeveloped, with few examples on selected substrates with cytochrome P450s and unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs). In this case, UPOs were found to catalyze the desired allylic oxidation with high chemo- and regioselectivity, at substrate loadings of up to 200 mM, without the addition of organic cosolvents, thus enabling the subsequent ER and ADH steps in a three-step one-pot cascade. UPOs even displayed unreported enantioselective oxyfunctionalization and overoxidation of the substituted cyclohexene. After screening of enzyme panels, the final product was obtained at titers of 85% with 97% ee and 99% de, with a substrate loading of 50 mM, the ER being the limiting step. This synthetic approach provides the first example of a three-step, one-pot UPO-ER-ADH cascade and highlights the potential for UPOs to catalyze diverse enantioselective allylic hydroxylations and oxidations that are otherwise difficult to achieve.BT/Biocatalysi
"Marriage without borders" : analysis of binational marriages between male Austrians and female Russians and Italians on the basis of the four dimensions of social integration of Friedrich Heckmann
No full textDie Masterarbeit hat den Titel „Ehe ohne Grenzen“ ̶ Analyse binationaler Ehen zwischen Österreichern und Russinnen sowie Italienerinnen am Modell der vier Dimensionen der Sozialintegration von Friedrich Heckmann. Im Fokus stehen binationale Ehepaare, bestehend aus einem österreichischen Ehemann und einer russischen beziehungsweise italienischen Ehefrau, die ihren gemeinsamen Lebensmittelpunkt in Graz haben. Die Untersuchung der binationalen Paare soll Aufschluss geben, ob die These, dass ethnische Communities in Österreich die Integration der russischen und italienischen Ehepartnerinnen einschränken, ihre Berechtigung hat oder widerlegt werden kann.Hierfür wurde ein Interviewleitfaden ausgearbeitet, der sich an Heckmanns Modell orientiert. Dem ersten Block, der sich mit dem Kennenlernen und dem Beziehungsanfang auseinandersetzt, folgt der zweite Block, der sich mit der strukturellen Integration beschäftigt. Der dritte Teil widmet sich der kulturellen Integration, wobei hier der Cultural Clash im Fokus steht. Die Sozialintegration repräsentiert den vierten Block und die identifikatorische Integration den letzten Teil. Dabei geht es um das Gefühl der Nationenzugehörigkeit der ausländischen Ehepartnerin.Im einleitenden Teil wird auf den Begriff Migration eingegangen. Danach liegt der Fokus auf dem Prozess und auf den Migrationsformen. Im zweiten Kapitel werden Österreich als Immigrationsland und Russland sowie Italien als Emigrationsländer untersucht. Das darauffolgende Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit den Eheschließungen im Allgemeinen und binationalen Eheschließungen. Das vierte Kapitel definiert den Terminus Integration und legt mögliche Akkulturationsstrategien dar. Des Weiteren werden Gründe für Fremdenfeindlichkeit angeführt, bevor auf die Beschreibung von Heckmanns Modell übergegangen wird. Im Kapitel fünf wird das Grundgerüst des qualitativen Denkens dargestellt, um im Anschluss auf das angewandte Forschungsdesign und die Auswertung einzugehen.This master thesis is on “Marriage without frontiers” – an analysis of binational marriages between male Austrians and female Russians and Italians on the basis of the 4 dimensions of social integration of Friedrich Heckmann. The research focuses on binational couples consisting of a male Austrian and a female Russian or Italian who have their primary residence in Graz. The research should provide information on whether the hypothesis that ethnic communities in Austria represent a handicap in the process of integration can be confirmed or refuted.Therefore, the author developed interview guidelines according Friedrich Heckmann’s model. The first part of the interview is aimed at gathering information about the first meeting. The second part, and first dimension of Heckmann’s model talks about structural integration. The third part on cultural integration is dealing with the cultural clash. Social integration represents the fourth part of the interview. The last part, integration of the identity, considers the immigrant’s sense of belonging to the new country.The introduction starts with a definition of the term migration, then the process and the forms of migration are discussed. Chapter two gives a summary of Austria as a country of immigration and of Italy and Russia as countries of emigration. The following chapter talks both about marriages in general and binational marriages. Afterwards, the focus lies on the frequency of binational marriages in individual provinces and in the countries of origin. Chapter four defines the key term integration and discusses the possible strategies of acculturation. Furthermore, possible reasons for xenophobic behaviour and also Friedrich Heckmann’s model is considered. The last chapter includes not only the empirical part of the thesis with the research design, the interview guidelines and the transcripts, but also a short overview of empirical research and qualitative research in general, including their methods.Vanessa Baumgartner, BAZusammenfassungen in Deutsch und EnglischAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der VerfasserinMasterarbeit Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz 2017 D1077
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