60 research outputs found
Mineral balance in equines fed sodium Zeolite a (SZA)
No full textQuatro pôneis miniaturas adultos e castrados foram sorteados aleatoriamente para um quadrado latino 4x4. Os tratamentos se constituíram em 4 diferentes níveis de zeolita de sódio (ZSA) no suplemento mineral 0; 1,26; 2,54 ou 4, 0%. Todos os animais passaram por fases de depleção intercaladas com fases de tratamentos. A dieta foi formulada na razão 30:70 de feno de Cynodon dactylon e concentrado respectivamente. Nos últimos 4 dias de cada fase os animais eram colocados em gaiolas metabólicas e procedia-se a coleta total de fezes e urina. A analise comparativa dos resultados foi efetuada através dos testes F e de Duncan. Não se observou efeito positivo (P > 0,05) da ZSA na absorção de cálcio. No caso do fosforo ao contrario do que se esperava a ZSA teve efeito positivo para Mg, Cu, Zn e Mn, não houve interferência da ZSA no metabolismo dos mesmos. Efeito negativo da ZSA no metabolismo do K e Na constatou-se (P > 0,05). Não houve efeito aparente da inclusão da zeolita de sódio sobre o metabolismo dos minerais para os níveis testados e metodologia utilizadaThis work was conducted to verify the sodium zeolite A (SZA) effect on Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn absorption and retention when fed to Miniature Ponies. Four mature gelding Miniature Ponies were assigned to a 4 x 4 Latin Square experimental. A random numbers table was used to assign horses to dietary treatment groups in each period. Treatment groups D, A, B and C diets were supplemented with 0, 1.26, 2.54 or 4.0% sodium zeolite A (SZA), respectively, on an as fed basis. The project was conducted in 4,28 days periods divided in two phases. In the first phase alI horses were fed the depletion diet and in the second phase alI of them were fed the experiment diets. The depletion diet was. formulated to meet de NRC (1989) requirements for energy and protein, but, to be deficient in alI macro and micro mineraIs to stimulate depletion of the labile pool of mineraIs in order to creat a demand for mineraIs in a repletion period. The experiment diet was formulated to be 30:70 Cynodon dactylon hay and concentrate, respectively. The concentrate had 80% of a 13.5% protein peleted ration and 20% of mineral supplements (treatments A, B, C or D). The feed offered was calculated as 1.5% of body weight basis. Every week, the horses were weighed and the feed adjusted to their body weight. During the last 4 days of every phase, the horses were confined individually in metabolism creates, and the total collections of feces and urine were made. The feces and urine were weighed and measured, and a 10% sample of each was taken and frozen for later analyses. The feed was sampled every day and a composite sample was taken in the end of the trial. The procedure for digestion of the samples (urine, feces and feed) was carried out as by PARKINSON & ALLEN (1975) and the concentration of mineraIs was determined by a Inductively-Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP). Data were analysed using the F and Duncan tests. Calcium absorption was not affected by SZA (p > 0,05). Calcium retained (g/d), retained (% intake), retained (% absorption) were greater at the 0% leveI of SZA. Phosphorus retained (% absorption) was greater at the highest leveI of SZA (4%), showing that, phosphorus was instead positivelly affected by SZA (P > 0,05). Magnesium, Cu, Zn and Mn were unaffected by SZA; but, SZA negativelly affected K and Na. Potassium absorved (g/d) and Na retention (% intake) were greater at the 0% leveI of SZA (P > 0,05) the results obtained for Fe are not reliable because was subject to gross interference being present in alI biological material (JANKOWIAK & Le VIER, 1971). It seemed that the use of SZA did not affected mineral metabolism at the leveIs tested or the techniques utilized in this tria
Mineral balance in equines fed sodium Zeolite a (SZA)
No full textQuatro pôneis miniaturas adultos e castrados foram sorteados aleatoriamente para um quadrado latino 4x4. Os tratamentos se constituíram em 4 diferentes níveis de zeolita de sódio (ZSA) no suplemento mineral 0; 1,26; 2,54 ou 4, 0%. Todos os animais passaram por fases de depleção intercaladas com fases de tratamentos. A dieta foi formulada na razão 30:70 de feno de Cynodon dactylon e concentrado respectivamente. Nos últimos 4 dias de cada fase os animais eram colocados em gaiolas metabólicas e procedia-se a coleta total de fezes e urina. A analise comparativa dos resultados foi efetuada através dos testes F e de Duncan. Não se observou efeito positivo (P > 0,05) da ZSA na absorção de cálcio. No caso do fosforo ao contrario do que se esperava a ZSA teve efeito positivo para Mg, Cu, Zn e Mn, não houve interferência da ZSA no metabolismo dos mesmos. Efeito negativo da ZSA no metabolismo do K e Na constatou-se (P > 0,05). Não houve efeito aparente da inclusão da zeolita de sódio sobre o metabolismo dos minerais para os níveis testados e metodologia utilizadaThis work was conducted to verify the sodium zeolite A (SZA) effect on Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn absorption and retention when fed to Miniature Ponies. Four mature gelding Miniature Ponies were assigned to a 4 x 4 Latin Square experimental. A random numbers table was used to assign horses to dietary treatment groups in each period. Treatment groups D, A, B and C diets were supplemented with 0, 1.26, 2.54 or 4.0% sodium zeolite A (SZA), respectively, on an as fed basis. The project was conducted in 4,28 days periods divided in two phases. In the first phase alI horses were fed the depletion diet and in the second phase alI of them were fed the experiment diets. The depletion diet was. formulated to meet de NRC (1989) requirements for energy and protein, but, to be deficient in alI macro and micro mineraIs to stimulate depletion of the labile pool of mineraIs in order to creat a demand for mineraIs in a repletion period. The experiment diet was formulated to be 30:70 Cynodon dactylon hay and concentrate, respectively. The concentrate had 80% of a 13.5% protein peleted ration and 20% of mineral supplements (treatments A, B, C or D). The feed offered was calculated as 1.5% of body weight basis. Every week, the horses were weighed and the feed adjusted to their body weight. During the last 4 days of every phase, the horses were confined individually in metabolism creates, and the total collections of feces and urine were made. The feces and urine were weighed and measured, and a 10% sample of each was taken and frozen for later analyses. The feed was sampled every day and a composite sample was taken in the end of the trial. The procedure for digestion of the samples (urine, feces and feed) was carried out as by PARKINSON & ALLEN (1975) and the concentration of mineraIs was determined by a Inductively-Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP). Data were analysed using the F and Duncan tests. Calcium absorption was not affected by SZA (p > 0,05). Calcium retained (g/d), retained (% intake), retained (% absorption) were greater at the 0% leveI of SZA. Phosphorus retained (% absorption) was greater at the highest leveI of SZA (4%), showing that, phosphorus was instead positivelly affected by SZA (P > 0,05). Magnesium, Cu, Zn and Mn were unaffected by SZA; but, SZA negativelly affected K and Na. Potassium absorved (g/d) and Na retention (% intake) were greater at the 0% leveI of SZA (P > 0,05) the results obtained for Fe are not reliable because was subject to gross interference being present in alI biological material (JANKOWIAK & Le VIER, 1971). It seemed that the use of SZA did not affected mineral metabolism at the leveIs tested or the techniques utilized in this tria
A Feasibility Study to Determine the Most Optimal Location for a Ski/Mountain Bike Resort in Greater Northwest Arkansas
No full textThis project was completed by the author with some assistance and consulting from his faculty mentor, Dr. Patrick Hagge. In order to answer the fundamental study questions concerning the feasibility of a mountain bike and ski resort being established in Arkansas, ArcGIS Pro mapping software was utilized. Some data was collected from outside sources, including NOAA and the Arkansas GIS Office. Other data was either interpolated from the aforementioned sources or created by the author. For regionwide suitability, four broad factors were considered. Those included aspect, slope, temperature, and snowfall. Ten specific resort sites were chosen and then ranked considering each of those factors along with accessibility, the presence of important cultural sites, existing infrastructure, and the relative size of skiable and bikeable terrain. Based on the data and analysis, the best subregion for the resort is the Ozark Plateau and the most optimal location is located north of Harrison on the Missouri border
José e 34 letras através do espelho /
No full textDissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão.Esta dissertação apresenta resultados da leitura, indexação e análise de duas revistas cariocas: José - Literatura, Crítica & Arte (1976-78) e 34 Letras (1988-90). Na primeira revista, que teve dez números publicados sob a coordenação de Gastão de Holanda, percebe-se um projeto ainda atrelado à proposta e aos ícones modernistas (Drummond e Mário), enquanto a segunda, fruto do empenho de um grupo de estudantes da PUC-RJ, circula em sete números com um design gráfico bastante elaborado, abrigando em suas páginas várias tendências e linhagens. Os periódicos servem também para ler a crise e a emergência de dois perfis de intelectual: o legislador e o intérprete
Indo-European vocabulary in Old Chinese : a new thesis on the emergence of Chinese language and civilization in the late Neolithic age
No full textThis study is a much expanded version of the paper I read at the XXXII International Congress for Asian and North African Studies on August 28, 1986 in Hamburg (Germany). Contents 1. Recent developments in the field of historical linguistics 2. Monosyllabic structure of Chinese words and Indo-European stems 3. Tonal accents of Middle Chinese 4. Preliminaries on the comparison of consonants and vowels 5. Some IE stems corresponding to Chinese words of entering tone 6. Middle Chinese tones and final consonants of IE stems 7. Some IE stems corresponding to Chinese words of rising tone 8. Some IE stems corresponding to Chinese words of vanishing tone 9. Some IE stems corresponding to Chinese words of level tone 10. Reconstruction of Middle Chinese vocalism according to Yün-ching 11. Old Chinese vocalism 12. Vocalic correspondences between Chinese and IE 13. Initials of Old Chinese 14. Initial consonant clusters in Old Chinese as seen from IE-stems 15. Proximity of Chinese to Germanic 16. Relation of Old Chinese to neighboring languages 17. Emergence of Chinese Empire and language in the middle of the third millennium B.C. Appendix * Abbrevations * Bibliography * Rhyme Tables of Early Middle Chinese (600) * Rhyme Tables of Early Mandarin (1300) * Word Index o English o Pinyin In 1786, just over two hundred years ago, comparative historical linguistics was born, when Sir William Jones (1746-1794) discovered the relationship between Old-Indian Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin. Since then, the emerging Indo-European philology has thrown much light on the early history of mankind in Eurasia. During the past two hundred years, many suggestions were also made in regard to relationships of Indo-European to other languages such as Semitic, Altaic, Austronesian, Korean etc., but Indo-Europeanists commonly rejected such attempts for want of convincing evidence. As to Chinese, Joseph Edkins was the first to advance the thesis of its proximity to Indo-European. In his work China's Place in Philology. An Attempt to show that the Language of Europe and Asia have a Common Origin (1871) he presented a number of Chinese words similar to those of Indo-European. In his time, Edkins' thesis seemed bold and extravagant. But today, more than a hundred years later, we are in a much better position to carry out a comprehensive and well-founded comparative study. Since the end of the nineteenth century, many Sinologists have been engaged in reconstruction of the mediaeval and archaic readings of Chinese characters. Among them, Karlgren (1889-1978) was the most successful, and in 1940 he published a comprehensive phonological and etymological dictionary entitled Grammata Serica. In the meantime, the Indo-Europeanists Alois Walde (1869-1924) and Julius Pokorny (1887-1970) were devoting themselves to the compilation of a useful etymological dictionary. The result was the Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch by Pokorny (1959) which provides a solid basis for our lexical comparisons. Soon thereafter, some Sinologists made use of the two dictionaries by Karlgren and Pokorny to compare Chinese and Indo-European words. In 1967, an unaffiliated German scholar, Jan Ulenbrook, published an article "Einige Übereinstirnrnungen zwischen dem Chinesischen und dem Indogermanischen", in which he claimed that 57 words are related. Shortly afterwards, Tor Ulving of the University of Goteborg, Sweden, wrote a review of this article framing the title as a question: "Indo-European elements in Chinese?" While working on his thesis on word families in Chinese, Ulving compiled for his own use two dictionaries: "Archaic Chinese - English" and "English - Archaic Chinese", and discovered thereby 238 Chinese words similar to Indo-European roots. In spite of this considerable number of word equivalents, however, Mr. Ulving became discouraged and, as he told me in his letter of April, 1986, has given up his researches in this field. The skepticism, common among Indo-Europeanists in regard to comparative studies with other languages, is largely based on the dogmatic opinion that only morphology is relevant but not vocabulary. Since the typology of Chinese seems to preclude a cognate relation to Indo-European, they are inclined to discard any lexical correspondences as merely accidental or onomatopoetic. Besides, prehistorical contacts and mixtures between these languages seem not conceivable, as the Indo-Europeans are supposed to have originated in Northern Europe or at best in the Central Asian steppe, thousands of miles away from East Asia. Hence, any research into a relationship between Old Chinese and Indo-European languages would be but futile from the outset. Yet there are also opposing views among Indo-Europeanists. Investigations into Germanic languages and the oldest Indo-European language, Hittite, led some of them to a critical revision of the prevailing conception about a Proto-Indo-European. Hermann Hirt (1934) for instance states: "Inflexion of Indo-European languages is due to a relatively late development, and its correct comprehension can be achieved only by proceeding from the time of non-inflexion." And Carl Karstien (1936) holds the opinion that "Chinese corresponds most ideally to the hypothetic prototype of Indo-European." Regarding vocabulary, there are striking similarities in the monosyllabic structure of the basic words. In modern German and English, all the words of everyday speech are monosyllabic and their stereotypical structure is: initial consonant(s) + vowel(s) + final consonant(s). The same word structure is valid for Chinese as well. It is fundamentally different from the disyllabic structure of Altaic words and from the triconsonantal-disyllabic structure of Semitic words. Characteristic of the monosyllabic word structure is, besides, the complexity of the syllable nucleus, which consists of different vowels and vowel clusters in contrast to the monophthongal vocalism of polysyllabic words. Another objection raised to comparisons between Chinese and Indo-European is the existence of tonal accents in Chinese. Since most modern Indo-European languages have only expiratory accents, Chinese is considered to be a highly exotic language. Yet, even in Chinese, the use of tonal accents as a means of lexical differentiation is a result of comparatively recent development in the long history of Chinese language, the earliest monuments of which date back to 1300 B.C. (cf. Chang 1970, p.21). Unknown to Old Chinese, the existence of tonal accents was for the first time mentioned in the 5th century by Shen Yüeh (441-513). In Middle Chinese (Mch.) there were four tone categories: A P'ing-sheng 平 a level tone (which developed into Mandarin tone 1 or 2). B Shang-sheng 上 a rising tone (Mandarin tone 3). C Ch'u-sheng 去 a vanishing, i.e. falling tone (Mandarin tone 4). D Ju-sheng 入 an entering tone with a staccato effect, the word being abruptly stopped by a final consonant -p, -t, -k. (In Early Mandarin the words of this tone lost their final consonant and were distributed among the tones 2, 3 and 4, respectively according to the phonation of initials). In Middle Chinese, words of the entering tone were the only group which still preserved the final stops and therefore a close syllabic structure. So they are most appropriate for convincing comparisons with monosyllabic Indo-European word stems. The final stops -p, -t, -k of the entering tone are nowadays still extant in daily speech of several dialects in South China as well as in Chinese borrowings in Japanese, Vietnamese and Korean. As a speaker of a Taiwan dialect of Minnan origin, I could immediately identify some Indo-European stems with corresponding Chinese words. Besides, the command of Japanese and German was also a great help for this study. In the following lists I have chosen a number of Indo-European stems which are phonetically and semantically equivalent to Chinese words. Correspondences in initial and final consonants refer to the points of articulation, thus we have equations: IE labials = Old Chinese labials, IE dentals = dentals, IE l, r = dentals (cf. p. 31); Ø, i (final and medial) IE velars = velars and laryngeals, and occasionally (the so-called "satem"-forms) IE velars = dental sibilants and affricates. Regarding the manner of articulation, there are no regular correspondences between Indo-European and Chinese consonants like Grimm's law which is valid among Indo-European dialects to a certain extent. But this is not astonishing, since in Old Chinese the alternation of initials in voicing was a conventional means of creating new words from one basic form. The rules of vocalic correpondences among Indo-European dialects are quite complex. Vowels permanently change their qualities from one language to another, and from time to time within one language also, as is well known from the history of English pronunciations. Generally, the vocalism of Old Greek is taken as the standard for Proto-Indo-European. Old Chinese vowels corresponds nearly (cf. p. 30), but the details about the reconstruction of Middle and Old Chinese vocalism will be treated later (pp. 26-30). For the moment, it is necessary to notice in advance that the stem of ablauting Germanic verbs is the form of preterite or noun, rather than that of infinitive as assumed hitherto. Therefore, in some cases I must slightly modify the basic vowel of verbal stems given in Pokorny, in order to get better basis for comparison. As Old Chinese verbs were non-flexional, they might probably have preserved the original vowel the best
The Oakland Post 2017-03-22
No full textOn the horizon: After rough preseason; Oakland baseball starts league play this weekend ; Election season. Student congress president; vice president have final proposal ; 'A Chorus Line'. Theatre students performs their final production of the season ; End of the Road. Men's basketball falls to Richmond in the second round ; OUSC president; vice president end term with final proposal ; Recognize your student leaders: Nominations for Student Activities and Leadership Awards open ; Alumna awarded for her professional achievements ; Students head to state capitol for annual event ; Healthy Home & Living Expo to showcase products; raise money ; Student Freedom Fighters combat human trafficking ; Title IX options for sexual assault; harassment victims explored ; 'A Chorus Line' dazzles: OU caps off its theater season with the 70s classic ; Hollywood actors on how to succeed: 'Just do' ; Effects of smoking more widespread that lung cancer: Cancer Awareness Society invites oncologist to deliver lecture on the lesser-known health effects of smoking ; Lecture discusses navigating sexuality and autism ; Visiting author to give craft talk; reading ; Drew's review: The most important elements in a hit rap song ; 'Kong: Skull Island' has unfulfilled potential; acting falls flat ; The only application we've received for life editor ; Men's basketball season ends with a loss to Spiders ; Isaiah Brock's family; Army friends show support at Richmond game ; Golden Grizzlies look for redemptio
Ensuring quality in vocational education and training. Vocational Training No. 15, September-December 1998
No full textEstudo das propriedades toxicológicas e antiaterogênicas de compostos orgânicos de selênio
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Florianópolis, 2011A aterosclerose é uma doença inflamatória crônica caracterizada pelo acúmulo de lipídios e elementos celulares nas artérias de calibre médio e grande porte, sendo que a modificação oxidativa da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) desempenha um papel importante na patogênese dessa condição. Os compostos orgânicos de selênio estão recebendo grande atenção da comunidade científica devido as suas propriedades benéficas destes compostos em patologias associadas ao estresse oxidativo. Neste contexto, nosso objetivo foi avaliar as propriedades toxicológicas e antiaterogênicas de compostos orgânicos de selênio em modelos experimentais in vivo e in vitro. Inicialmente, avaliamos os efeitos da administração aguda do disseleneto de difenila (PhSe)2 sobre parâmetros toxicológicos em coelhos. O tratamento de coelhos com 5 µmol/kg/dia não induziu toxicidade, no entanto, quando os animais foram tratados com 50 µmol/kg, sinais leves de toxicidade foram observados, e o tratamento com maior dose utilizada (500 µmol/kg) causou mortalidade em 85% dos animais, indicando intensa toxicidade. Assim estes resultados indicam que os efeitos toxicológicos da exposição aguda ao (PhSe)2 em coelhos é dependente da dose. Considerando o envolvimento da LDL oxidada (LDLox) na patogênese da aterosclerose, investigamos o efeito protetor do (PhSe)2 sobre danos citotóxicos induzidos pela exposição de macrófagos murinos J774 à LDLox. O pré-tratamento com (PhSe)2 reduziu os efeitos citotóxicos desencadeados pela LDLox incluindo a geração de ROS, distúrbio da homeostase do .NO, ativação de metaloproteinases de matriz, formação de células espumosas e disfunção mitocondrial em macrófagos in vitro. Além disso, os efeitos da sinalização redox do (PhSe)2 apresentados neste estudo, foram acompanhados por uma regulação da atividade de ligação do NF-.B. Considerando o efeito promissor de compostos orgânicos de selênio como moléculas antiaterogênicas, na última parte deste estudo, avaliamos o efeito de diaril disselenetos substituídos, p-metoxi-difenil disseleneto (DM) e p-cloro-difenil disseleneto (DC), na oxidação da LDL induzida por Cu2+. Ambos os compostos causaram inibição dose-dependente na oxidação de soro humano e de LDL isolada. A parte proteica da LDL humana isolada também foi protegida contra a oxidação induzida por Cu2+. Além disso, o DM e DC eficientemente diminuíram a formação de células espumosas induzidas por LDLox em macrófagos J774. O potencial efeito antiaterogênico destes compostos foi relacionado à sua atividade mimética a GPx e sua propriedade de atuar como substrato para TrxR mamífera, duas importantes vias envolvidas na decomposição de peróxidos. Tomados em conjunto, os resultados deste trabalho sugerem um novo papel para os compostos orgânicos de selênio como potenciais agentes antiateroscleróticos
Disseleneto de difenila: um composto orgânico de selênio com propriedades antiaterogênicas
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Florianópolis, 2011A aterosclerose é uma doença progressiva caracterizada pelo acúmulo de lipídios e elementos fibrosos nas artérias de médio e grande calibre. As doenças cardiovasculares decorrentes da aterosclerose, dentre elas o infarto agudo do miocárdio e o acidente vascular cerebral, são a principal causa de mortalidade e morbidade mundial. O estresse oxidativo e a deficiência da enzima glutationa peroxidase (GPx) possuem um importante papel no desenvolvimento da aterosclerose. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do disseleneto de difenila (DD), um composto orgânico de selênio, em modelos experimentais de aterosclerose, in vivo e in vitro. O tratamento com baixas doses de DD (0,1 e 1 mg/kg/dia, v.o.) por 30 dias reduziu a formação de lesões ateroscleróticas em camundongos com deleção gênica para o receptor da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDLr -/-) submetidos a uma dieta hipercolesterolêmica. Esta redução foi acompanhada por melhora na vasodilatação dependente do endotélio, diminuição da expressão de 3-nitrotirosina e malondialdeído (marcadores de estresse oxidativo), redução da razão colesterol não-HDL/HDL, diminuição da infiltração de células inflamatórias na lesão e dos níveis sistêmicos de MCP-1. Em cultura de células endoteliais de aorta bovina (BAECs), o pré-tratamento por 24 horas com DD (0,5 e 1 M) atenuou a apoptose induzida por LDL humana isolada associada à diminuição da formação de EROs e o consumo de GSH, e restabelecer o aumento do potencial de membrana mitocondrial. Os estudos em macrófagos murinos da linhagem J774 expostos a oxLDL (100 g/mL), demonstraram que o DD (1 M) reduziu significativamente a formação de células espumosas, a produção de EROs e de mediadores inflamatórios (MCP-1 e TNF- ). Este conjunto de resultados revela o potencial antiaterogênico do DD, tanto em modelos experimentais in vivo quanto in vitro. Os efeitos demonstrados pelo composto sugerem ser relacionados às suas propriedades antioxidante, mimética da GPx e anti-inflamatória
Author Correction: A MHz-repetition-rate hard X-ray free-electron laser driven by a superconducting linear accelerator
No full text- …
