1,721,054 research outputs found
Introduction to Precision Metal Additive Manufacturing
No full textWhilst additive manufacturing has been getting much attention recently, it is still not considered a “precision process”. Ultimately, the goal of precision engineering is to create a process for which the outcomes are deterministic and controllable over a range of operation, with unpredictable deviations from a desired result being as small as is physically and economically possible. This book outlines how the principles of precision engineering can be applied to metal additive manufacturing to improve issues such as manufacturing yield, part functionality, process sustainability and ultimately cost effectiveness. The chapter will briefly describe the state of play with additive manufacturing, give some terminology to be used throughout the book and outline the background principles of precision engineering
X-Ray Computed Tomography
No full textWhilst additive manufacturing allows the production of highly complex parts, X-ray computed tomography enables the holistic characterisation and measurement of such parts, including their intricate geometries and inner features that would not be accessible otherwise. This chapter explores the possibilities offered by X-ray computed tomography in the field of additive manufacturing. Fundamentals and basic principles of the tomographic techniques and systems are presented. Error sources and measurement traceability aspects are discussed. The chapter highlights the challenges and capabilities of X-ray computed tomography for several applications, ranging from characterisation of powder feedstock to measurement of final products, and from product development to process optimisation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Laser cutting of lithium iron phosphate battery electrodes: Characterization of process efficiency and quality
No full textLithium iron phosphate battery electrodes are subject to continuous-wave and pulsed laser irradiation with laser specifications systematically varied over twelve discrete parameter groups. Analysis of the resulting cuts and incisions with an optical profiler and scanning electron microscope gives insight into the dominant physical phenomena influencing laser cutting efficiency and quality. Measured incision depths are found to be piece-wise functions of average laser power, with the metallic conductor layers dominating the process due to their high thermal conductivity and low optical absorptance relative to the active coating layers. Cutting efficiency improves with shorter laser pulses and use of 532 nm radiation in place of 1064 nm. Complete electrode penetration takes place at lowest average power with pulse fluence in the ranges 35-40 J/cm2 and 100-110 J/cm2 for the cathode and anode, respectively, with 1064 nm beam wavelength. Per-pulse ablation depths are derived for the active coating layers under all tested conditions, giving new insight into the ablation behavior of each individual material. Defect size and coating layer delamination width are both found to be linked to cutting efficiency, with highest quality achieved for a given wavelength when overall cutting efficiency is optimized. Ideal parameters are found to be those maximizing the ablation efficiency of the metallic layers, as residual heat deposition in the films is minimized
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