101,871 research outputs found
Eocyzicus palpalis Simhachalam & Timms, 2012, sp. nov.
No full textEocyzicus palpalis sp. nov. (Figs 4–6) Etymology. The specific epithet, palpalis is derived from the characteristic palps on the male fifth endite of the thoracopods VI and VII and the palp on the fourth endite of the thoracopod III. Type locality. INDIA: Racharla Mandal, Prakasam District. Pool at Racharla (15 ° 28 ' N, 78 ° 58 ' E) approximately 22 km north of Giddaluru. (altitude 224 m asl). Date of collection: 26 August 2002 by G. Simhachalam. Type material. Holotype. Male, length 10.1mm; height 7 mm., accession number NHM 2005.277. Allotype. female length 10.3 mm, height 7.2 mm, accession number NHM 2005.278. Paratypes. Male of 9.5 mm length and three females of 10.1, 9 and 8 mm length; height: 7, 6 and 5mm respectively. INDIA: Prakasam District, Racharla Mandal. Pool at Kaluvapalli (15 ° 26 'N, 78 ° 58.'E, altitude 224m asl)), approximately 19 km north of Giddaluru. Accession number NHM 2005.278 – 281. Remainder of the material is deposited In Museum, Department of Zoology, Acharya Nagarjuna University. collected 15 October 2003 Description. Male. Carapace (Fig. 4 A), broadly ovate, thin, light yellow, granulose, translucent, umbone prominent, maximum width of carapace just posterior to umbone. Carapace broadly rounded anteriorly and posteriorly; hinge line straight (Fig. 4 A), forming 20 ° angle with posterior free margin of carapace. Ventral free margin evenly rounded. Twenty nine growth lines (Fig. 4 A) lacking spinules or setae, becoming more crowded marginally. Growth line interstices densely and irregularly granulate (Figs 4 B, D). Head (Fig. 4 E), oval in dorsal view, rectangular in lateral view, about 46 % of trunk length; eyes oval in lateral view and sub confluent; ocular protuberance large, double the size of eye; ocellus (oc) triangular in lateral view situated in front of eyes. Fornix (fo) well defined, extending to rostral apex. Rostrum (ro) spatulate, slightly inflected; occipital angle obtuse, forming a shallow notch at junction of head to trunk (posterior to eye). Mandibles crescent shaped. First antenna (Fig. 4 E) a little shorter than second antenna, reaching second antennal 13 th flagellomere. 28 clearly demarcated sensory lobes on left and right ramus, each with several sensory aesthetascs. Second antenna (Fig. 4 E) peduncle broad, 1.8 times as long as broad, with indistinct annulae and heavily fringed with short spines anteriorly. Biramal flagellae unequal in size, anterior (apparently dorsal) flagellum of 16 and posterior (apparently ventral) flagellum of 15 flagellomeres. Each flagellomere armed with 2–5 short, serrated spines anteriorly and with 2–4 long slender plumose setae posteriorly. Trunk with 23 pairs of thoracopods. Thoracopod I and II modified as claspers (Figs 4 F,G) distally composed of fourth fifth and sixth endites. Hand (clasper endopod) broad with digitiform apical projection (endite 4) clothed with scales distally and bearing a short small palp distolaterally. Moveable finger curved (endite 5) and apically acute. Large palp (endite 6) digitiform. Thoracopod I hand with asymmetrical swelling peaking near base of apical process. Apical projection diameter 1.1 times its height. Short palp a little shorter than diameter of apical projection and moveable finger, and large palp subequal in length. Large palp 2 -segmented, proximal segment nearly double the length of distal segment; distal segment widened toward truncate apex, setae distally. Thoracopod II (Fig. 4 G) with medial margin of hand much less expanded than in thoracopod I, but apical process and its small palp of similar dimensions as in thoracopod I. Moveable finger similar in the two thoracopods, but large palp about 1.4 times longer than moveable finger. This palp two segmented unequally, proximal segment 1.2 times longer than distal segment, distal segment widened toward truncate apex, setae distally. Thoracopod III fifth endital palp 4 -segmented (Fig. 5 A), proximal and second segment subequal, proximal segment 1.1 times as long as second segment and 0.4 times fourth endital palp. Distal segment 1.8 times as long as proximal and 3.2 times as long as preceding segment, setae distally. Thoracopod IV fifth endital palp 3 -segmented (Fig. 5 B), proximal and middle segments equal, distal segment 1.6 times as long as proximal. Distal segment widened toward truncate apex, setae distally. Lack of palp on fourth endite and subsequent thoracopods. Fifth endite’s palp of third and fourth thoracopods almost equal. Thoracopod V fifth endital palp 2 -segmented (Fig. 5 C), unequal, distal segment 1.7 times as long as proximal segment; distal segment widened toward truncate apex, setae distally. Thoracopod VI fifth endital palp slender, unsegmented (Fig. 5 D), 1.2 times as long as sixth endite, setae distally. Thoracopod VII fifth endital palp much shorter, by 46 % of counterpart in sixth thoracopod (Fig. 5 E), setae distally. Eight and succeeding thoracopods lack fifth endital palp. Thirteen posterior most body segments with large sturdy spines dorsally, one per segment. Telson (Fig. 6 A), curved dorsally; 24 unequal serrated spines and short spinular outgrowths terminally. Forked hair filament (=telsonic setae) lies between third and fourth spines. Telson ventral margin shorter than dorsal margin and with a pair of furcal claws (= caudal furca or cercopods). . palpalis sp. nov. 3 L 5.5 – 11 13 – 35 Spatulate 24 – 34 12 – 15 / 16 –17 22 – 23 24 – 33 2 nd, 3 rd & 21 – 31 Racharala & H 3.5 – 7 4 th Kaluvapalli Ƥ L 4 – 11.5 14 – 40 Triangular & 24 – 31 11 –14 / 15 – 16 21 – 22 20 – 31 3 rd, 4 th & 5 th 13 – 28 India H 3 – 8 Obtuse Furcal claw (Fig. 6 A) elongate, broader proximally and tapering distally; as long as telson dorsal margin. Dorsally with plumose setae, 35 in number proximally, a spinular spine and many minute spinules distally. Description. Female. Carapace similar to that of male, except for broader and more rounded anterior margin; Hinge line straight, not forming angles in anterior and posterior regions on carapace. Twenty nine growth lines. Head (Fig. 6 B) conspicuous, oval in dorsal view; eyes sub confluent; ocular protuberance, about 1.2 times greater than eye; occipital angle similar to that of male; occipital notch shallow. First antenna (Fig. 6 B) as in male; reaching second antenna 7 th flagellomere. First antenna with 25 clearly demarcated sensory lobes on left and right ramus, each with several sensory aesthetascs. Second antenna (Fig. 6 B) as in males. Anterior (apparently dorsal) flagellum of 14 and posterior (apparently ventral) flagellum of 15 flagellomeres. Each flagellomere armed with 2–5 short, serrated spines anteriorly and with 2–4 long slender plumose setae posteriorly. Trunk with 22 pairs of thoracopods. Thoracopod I with 6 endites with deep notches between them; its fifth endital palp 1.1 times as long as endital palp of thoracopod II. Endital palp of thoracopods II and III equal, unsegmented. Fifth endite lacking a palp in remaining thoracopods. All thoracopods otherwise similar except ninth (Fig. 6 C) and tenth. Thoracopod IX with dorsal lobe of exopod (Fig. 6 C) elongate, non-setose and three times longer than branchial flabellum. Dorsal lobe of exopod of thoracopod X reduced compared to counterpart in thoracopod IX. Trunk dorsal armature resembles that of male. Telson curved dorsally. 26 unequal serrated spines. Telsonic filament (telsonic setae) lies between fourth and fifth telson spines. Furcal claw resembles that of male. Dorsally with plumose setae, 27 in number proximally, a spinular spine and many minute spinules distally. Egg s. Diameter 149.71 ± 9.23 mm (N = 30); spherical (Fig. 6 D) and light brown; surface with markedly elevated ridges forming polygonal structures connected together in a reticulate fashion. Egg ridges are round and smooth. Differential Diagnosis. In gross morphology, E. palpalis sp. nov. differs from all Indian Eocyzicus in having a large (> 24) number of first antennal sensory lobes, and also in having a large number (> 21 in male,> 13 in female) of furcal claw plumose setae (Table 3). E. palpalis sp. nov. is most similar to E. plumosus (Royan & Sumitra 1973), in the general form of carapace, rostrum and telson. E. palpalis sp. nov., however, differs significantly from E. plumosus and the other Indian species in the following characters: the ornamentation of the carapace, the form of the peripheral growth lines, the fifth endite of the sixth and seventh thoracopods bear a palp, and the fourth endite on the third thoracopod bears a palp. To some extent, the carapace ornamentation of E. palpalis sp. nov. resembles that of the Iraqi E. mesopotamiensis (Mohammad 1985), however it differs from it in number of growth lines, number of first antenna sensory lobes, number of thoracopods, and plumose setae on furcal claw. E. palpalis sp. nov. can easily be recognized from all the existing species in the following characters: 1) ornamentation of the carapace; 2) the fifth endite of the sixth and seventh thorocopods bear a palp, and fourth endite on the third thorocopod bears a palp and plumose setae. Ecology. Eocyzicus palpalis sp. nov. was collected from temporary freshwater pools and puddles. Water temperature: 32.2 o C; Dissolved Oxygen: 7.3 mg. L - 1; pH: 7.8; Chlorides: 172 mg. L - 1; Conductivity: 189 µS.cm - 1; Turbidity: 6.8 NTU; HCO 3 -: 58 ppm. Rarely the pool water is used for washing clothes. Remarks. This species is assigned to the genus Eocyzicus based on the following characters: rostrum exhibits sexual dimorphism; female’s rostrum is triangular and compressed, and in males it is spatulate; the occipital angle is rounded, and occipital notch is shallow. The genus Eocyzicus is represented in India by eight species (plus one unconfirmed species) whose morphological features are summarized in Table 3. There are morphological variations within male and female species of Eocyzicus palpalis collected from Racharla and Kaluvapalli. Epizoic algae noticed on older specimens. In males growth lines number 13–35, with distal growth lines in older specimens irregular, with furrowed interstices; rostrum broad or spatulate. First antenna dorsal lobes range from 24–34; second antenna flagellomeres vary from 12–17; trunk has 22–23 thoracopod pairs; and telson has 24–33 unequal serrated spines. The telsonic filament (telsonic setae) lie between second and third or third and fourth spines. The number of spines on either side of telson within the same specimen often differs. Plumose setae on the furcal claw vary between 21 and 31. In females growth lines number 14–40. First antenna dorsal lobes range from 24–31; second antenna flagellomeres vary from 11–16; trunk has 21–22 thoracopod pairs; and telson has 20–31 unequal serrated spines. The telson ic filament (telsonic setae) lie between third and fourth or fourth and fifth spines. Plumose setae on the furcal claw vary between 13 and 28.Published as part of Simhachalam, Gullipalli & Timms, Brian V, 2012, Two new species of Spinicaudata (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) in south India with a key to Leptestheriella and Eocyzicus, pp. 20-36 in Zootaxa 3161 on pages 28-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27971
Leptestheriella simhadrii Simhachalam & Timms, 2012, sp. nov.
No full textLeptestheriella simhadrii sp. nov. (Figs 1–2) Etymology. This species is named after Prof. Y.C. Simhadri, former Vice-Chancellor of Acharya Nagarjuna University who is well known for his able administration. Type locality. INDIA: Racharla Mandal, Prakasam District. Pool at Racharla (15 ° 28 ' N, 78 ° 58 ' E) approximately 22 km north of Giddaluru. (altitude 224 m asl). Date of collection: 6 August 2002 by G. Simhachalam. Type material. Holotype. Male length 5.5 mm; height 2.3 mm; accession number NHM 2005.282. Allotype. Female length 6 mm, height 3 mm; accession number NHM 2005.283. Paratypes. Male length 5.5 mm, height 2.5 mm and females length 5.5 mm, height 2.5 mm. INDIA: Prakasam District: pools at: 1) Anumalapalli of Racharla Mandal, (altitude 224 m asl, 15 ° 31 'N, 78 ° 53 'E), approximately 25 km north of Giddaluru and 2) Kaluvapalli of Racharla Mandal (altitude 224 m asl, 15 ° 26 'N, 78 ° 58.'E), approximately 19 km north of Giddaluru, collected 15 October 2003. Accession number NHM 2005.283 – 285. Remainder of the material is deposited in Museum, Department of Zoology, Acharya Nagarjuna University. Description. Male. Carapace (Fig. 1 A) oblong, thin, light yellow to brown, semipellucid, much compressed, umbone not prominent. Growth lines 8 (Fig. 1 B), thick, rib-like (Fig. 1 C), and arranged in regular order. All growth lines and free margins of carapace with blunt, peg like, subcylindrical spinules (Fig. 1 D). Interstices between growth lines rugose. Carapace rounded anteriorly and posteriorly; hinge line (Fig. 1 B) straight and forming angles in 30 ° posterior and 20 ° anterior regions to hinge line. Free ventral margin straight and slightly convex. Head (Fig. 1 E) moderately large, about 33.3 % of trunk length; eyes small, about 40 % of ocellus, ocular protuberance large, double the size of eye, ocellus (oc) large and triangular in lateral view. Fornix (fo) prominent arising from dorsal angle of rostrum; small spine present at fornix apex, about 34 % of fornix length, fornix 2.9 times as long as spine. Rostrum (ro) spatulate, occipital region elongated, acute, forming 50 ° angle to body axis, occipital furrow as deep as length of rostral spine. Mandible crescent shaped. First antenna (Fig. 1 E) 1.7 times longer than in females and reaching second antenna sixth flagellomere. 17 sensory lobes on left ramus, 18 on right ramus; each with several sensory aesthetascs. Second antenna (Fig. 1 E) peduncle broad, twice as long as broad, with indistinct annulae and heavily fringed with short spines anteriorly. Second antenna biramal; flagellae unequal in size; anterior flagellum of 11 flagellomeres and posterior flagellum of 10 flagellomeres, anterior flagellum 1.1 times as long as posterior flagellum. Each flagellomere armed with 1–5 serrated spines anteriorly (apparently dorsal) and 2–4 thin plumose setae posteriorly (apparently ventral). Trunk with 24 pairs of thoracopods. Exopod margin of thoracopods (Fig. 2 A) with digitiform lobes with setae characteristic of the genus (Hu, 1988). Thoracopod I and II modified as claspers distally (Figs 1 F, 1 G) and composed of a hand bearing an apical club, large and small palp and a moveable finger (terminology following Olesen et al. 1996). Hand (clasper endopod) broad, width 0.8 times length and with a hooked protrusion medially located at about two thirds of its length. Apical projection (endite 4) broad, length 0.7 times width, a digitiform extension of the hand and crowned with numerous scales and bearing the small palp of subequal length as diameter of apical projection. Moveable finger (mf) (endite 5) arcuate, apically acute and bearing setae apically, length subequal to large palp (endite 6). This palp (lp) two segmented, proximal segment 2.7 times as long as distal segment; distal segment widened toward apex, with numerous setae distally, composed of fourth, fifth and sixth endites. Thoracopod II (Fig. 1 G) with apical projection a little larger than in thoracopod I. Medial projection not as large as in thoracopod I and unhooked. Moveable finger as in thoracopod I. Large palp 1.2 times as long as moveable finger, two segmented with proximal segment 1.2 times as long as distal segment. Moveable finger and large palp with setae distally. Thoracopod III (Fig. 2 A) fifth endital palp (as interpreted by McLaughlin, 1980) 2 -segmented, proximal segment 1.1 times as long as distal segment; both segments combined 1.5 times as long as sixth endite, numerous setae distally. Margin of exopods (“flabellum”) of thoracopods with numerous unbranched digitiform exites. A triangular lamina (“epipodital lamina”, Barnard 1929) (Fig. 2 A) with margin lobate, present on exopod, equal to epipodital lamina of fourth pair. Remaining thoracopods of typical form, having six endites and numerous digitiform exites on exopods. Epipodite gradually increasing in length till eighth thoracopod. Here it is twice the length of third, fourth and eleventh thoracopods and 1.2 and 1.7 times as long as epipodite of ninth and tenth thoracopods respectively. Nineteen posterior body segments with dorsal armature (Fig. 2 B). Armature on each segment from anterior to posterior consists 0,2,3,5,5,5,7,9,12,14,14,14,14,13,13,12,12,11, and 10 small acutely pointed spines of varying lengths. Spines denticulate and slightly curved apically. These spines extend laterally on each segment. Telson (Fig. 2 C) asymmetrical and with about 40 (actually 43 and 41 in holotype) unequal denticles and with a short spinular outgrowth terminally. Telsonic filaments located anterior to the denticles. Ventral margin of telson shorter than dorsal margin and with a pair of furcal claws (=cercopods). Furcal claws as long as dorsal margin of telson (Fig. 2 D) elongated, triangular in cross section with two dorsal edges, medial edge fringed with about 35 pointed spines, lateral surface glabrous. Description. Female. Carapace hinge line straight, not forming angles in anterior and posterior regions on carapace. Growth lines 11. Otherwise carapace similar to that of male (Figs 1 B–D). Head (Fig. 2 E) oval; rostrum triangular, fornix prominent arising from dorsal angle of rostrum; small spine present at fornix apex about half the length of fornix. First antenna (Fig. 2 E) smaller than in males and reaching second antenna second flagellomere. First antenna with 12 sensory lobes on left and right ramus; each with several sensory aesthetascs Second antenna (Fig. 2 E) flagellae unequal in size; anterior flagellum of 11 flagellomeres and posterior flagellum of 12 flagellomeres. Each flagellomere armed with 2–5 serrated spines anteriorly (apparently dorsal) and 2–4 thin plumose setae posteriorly (apparently ventral). Trunk with 24 pairs of thoracopods. Gross structure of thoracopods similar to that of male. Thoracopod I with fifth endital palp unsegmented, 84 % of sixth endite length (Fig. 2 F). Thoracopod II with length of palp on fifth endite equal to that of sixth endite. Palps with numerous setae distally. Thoracopod X and XI dorsal lobes of exopods (d-ex, Fig. 2 G) modified as elongated cylindrical structures to hold egg masses. Seventeen posterior body segments with dorsal armature. Armature on each segment from anterior to posterior consists 1,2,2,2,3,5,7,9,11,13,13,14,14,14,13,13 and 11. In other characters female dorsal armature resembles that of male. Telson assymetrical; 38 unequal serrated denticles with short spinular outgrowth terminally. Furcal claws with two dorsal edges, medial edge fringed with pointed spines, 42 in number. In other characters, female telson resembles that of male. Egg morphology (Fig. 2 H). Egg diameter 105.52 ± 8.45 mm (N = 25). Egg spherical and light brown; surface with irregular markings. Differential diagnosis. Lepthestheriella simhadrii sp. nov. has similar numbers for many numeric features as L. nobilis s.l. so that numbers of growth lines, first antennae sensory lobes, flagellomeres, thoracopods, telsonic spines and furcal claw spines overlap in the two species, though the number of growth lines are generally fewer in L. simhadrii sp. nov. The other valid Indian species, L. sarsi, has different body parameters, with 28–30 growth lines, 13–14 first antenna sensory lobes, 16–17 second antenna flagellomeres, and 26 thoracopods. Absolute diagnostic features of L. simhadrii include a fringe of blunt, peg like, subcylindrical spinules on the growth lines, rugose carapace surface between the growth lines, lateral surface of furcal claws glabrous, though medial margin with a row of spinules, and in females the endopodital palp on the fifth endite of the third thoracopod is slightly longer than the sixth endite. Ecology. L.simhadrii sp. nov. was collected from temporary pool and ditches of clear water, devoid of vegetation. Water temperature 31.2 o C; dissolved oxygen 7.5 mg. L - 1; pH 7.6; conductivity 168 µS.cm - 1, turbidity 5.85 NTU. Remarks. This species is assigned to the genus Leptestheriella based on the following characters: rostrum bearing a spine, occipital angle acutely produced, occipital groove moderately deep, and exopod margins of the thoracopods carry digitiform processes. The validity of this genus has been questioned by Brtek (1997), with the suggestion that it be synonymised into Lepthestheria Sars. However, this proposal has been ignored (Dumont & Negrea, 2002; Garcia & Pereira, 2003), probably either because the evidence is thought by some to be weak or because the proposal was not formalized. Nevertheless the concept may well have merit (D.C. Rogers, pers. comm.), but until there is a generic revision within the family Leptestheriidae, we regard Leptestheriella as valid. Five species of Leptestheriella have been recorded from India: Leptestheriella nobilis (Sars 1900), L. hendersoni (Sars 1900), L. sarsi Daday 1923, L. gigas Karande & Inamdar 1960 and L. maduraensis Nayar & Nair 1968. All these species are recorded from South India, except L. gigas which is known from Panchagani of Bombay. Leptestheriella nobilis and L. hendersoni were initially described by Sars (1900) on limited material from south India. Daday (1923) used the same material to redescribe these species and to add L. sarsi. He distinguished the three species by: 1) presence or absence of acute angles on the anterior and posterior ends of the carapace, 2) carapace sculpture, and 3) nature of the occipital angles of the head, rostrum and telson. However, study of many populations of these species in Andhra Pradesh over many years have shown these and other characters to be highly variable (for L. nobilis see Table 1). Females of Leptestheriella hendersoni (no males are known) with their 24–31 growth lines, triangular rostrum, 25 thoracopods, 10–12 first antenna sensory lobes, 13–15 second antenna fagellomeres, and 24 telsonic spines fall within the range of variation of L. nobilis and therefore this species is considered synonymous with L. nobilis. For L. gigas, Karande & Inamdar 1960 claim this species can be recognized based on the shape of the carapace, acute posterodorsal corner of the carapace in adult females, carapace sculpture as described in L. nobilis, strongly produced occipital angle and shape of rostrum, 13–14 first antenna sensory lobes, 14 second antenna antennomeres, 24–26 thoracopods and 31 telsonic spines. However all these characters are highly variable and fall within the range of variation in L. nobilis collected from Andhra Pradesh. Hence this species is treated as a synonym of L. nobilis (Sars 1900). L. maduraensis Nayar & Nair 1968 described from Madurai, South India, differs from L. nobilis in the number of sensory lobes (males 21, females 15–16), second antenna flagellomeres (16) and thoracopods (male 20, female 24). However in all other characters this species agrees with the description of L. nobilis. Furthermore carapace sculpture of L. maduraensis studied under SEM by Samyiah et al. 1985 agrees in all details with that of L. nobilis (Figs 3 A, B). The apparent differences from L. nobilis are probably just evidence of further variation in these characters and there are no diagnostic characters shown unique for L. maduraensis to distinguish it from L. nobilis. This species is also regarded as a synonym of L. nobilis. Similar observations of variability in leptestheriids and other spinicaudatans of diagnostic characters have been noted by Straškraba (1966) and recently by Timms (2009) on Euleptestheria. Efforts to study leptestheriid shrimps in detail based on large number of specimens will possibly reduce the number of valid species and clear present ambiguity. Despite its variability L. nobilis is regarded as a valid species. Other useful characters for its delineation include: 1) growth lines and margins of carapace with small delicate setae (Fig. 3 A), 2) carapace sculpture with areolate (Fig. 3 B) or round markings of various sizes, and 3) minute serrated spines (Fig. 3 C) present on the two dorsomedial edges of the furcal claw. Leptestheriella simhadrii sp. nov. is variable between sites (Table 2). In summary: males have 6–19 growth lines (7–18 in females) closely spaced towards ventral margin in older specimens; rostrum broad or spatulate; ocellus position variable; 13– 17 male first antenna sensory lobes (11–14 in females), 10–13 / 11– 14 male second antenna flagellomeres (11–12 / 12–14 in females), 23– 25 male pairs of thoracopods (23–24 pairs in female), 26– 47 male telsonic denticles (30–45 in female) and 31– 47 male furcal claw spines (25–42 in female).Published as part of Simhachalam, Gullipalli & Timms, Brian V, 2012, Two new species of Spinicaudata (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) in south India with a key to Leptestheriella and Eocyzicus, pp. 20-36 in Zootaxa 3161 on pages 21-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27971
FIGURE 2 in Two new species of Spinicaudata (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) in south India with a key to Leptestheriella and Eocyzicus
No full textFIGURE 2. Leptestheriella simhadrii sp. nov. Male A–D, Female E–G. A, third thoracopod showing exopod and endopod separately (en1 = endite 1; en 2 = endite 2; en 3 = endite 3; en 4 = endite 4; en 5 = endite 5; en 6 = endite 6; epl = epipodal lamina; ex = exopod; pa = palp); B, Lateral view of dorsal armature (da = dorsal armature) showing one on few post abdominal segments; C, telson (t = telson); D, furcal claw (fc = furcal claw); E, head with first and second antenna (a1 = first antenna; a2 = second antenna; h = head); F, first thoracopod fifth and sixth endites (en 5 = endite 5; en 6 = endite 6; pa = palp); G, tenth thoracopod (d-ex = dorsal lobe of exopod); H, egg. Scale bars 0.5mm. H, 0.1mm. B, 0.25 mm.Published as part of Simhachalam, Gullipalli & Timms, Brian V, 2012, Two new species of Spinicaudata (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) in south India with a key to Leptestheriella and Eocyzicus, pp. 20-36 in Zootaxa 3161 on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27971
Bibliographie Hilarion G. Petzold 1958 – 2009 mit Anhang als Einführung
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Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
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G-Rank: Unsupervised Continuous Learn-to-Rank for Edge Devices in a P2P Network
No full textRanking algorithms in traditional search engines are powered by enormous training data sets that are meticulously engineered and curated by a centralized entity. Decentralized peer-to-peer (p2p) networks such as torrenting applications and Web3 protocols deliberately eschew centralized databases and computational architectures when designing services and features. As such, robust search-and-rank algorithms designed for such domains must be engineered specifically for decentralized networks, and must be lightweight enough to operate on consumer-grade personal devices such as a smartphone or laptop computer. We introduce G-Rank, an unsupervised ranking algorithm designed exclusively for decentralized networks. We demonstrate that accurate, relevant ranking results can be achieved in fully decentralized networks without any centralized data aggregation, feature engineering, or model training. Furthermore, we show that such results are obtainable with minimal data preprocessing and computational overhead, and can still return highly relevant results even when a user’s device is disconnected from the network. G-Rank is highly modular in design, is not limited to categorical data, and can be implemented in a variety of domains with minimal modification. The results herein show that unsupervised ranking models designed for decentralized p2p networks are not only viable, but worthy of further research.https://github.com/awrgold/G-RankComputer Scienc
Author inscription in The Chinese slave-girl: a story of woman's life in China
No full textThis edition includes a gift inscription by author Rev. J.A. Davis, "To Rev. A. G. Russell with the warmest regards of the author J.A. Davis."Davis, John Agnell, 1839-1897
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