378 research outputs found
The Barcan Formula in Metaphysics
Get PDFThe Barcan formula (BF) is widely considered a threat to actualism. I show how BF can be cleared of such a charge by construing it as a bridge principle connecting modality de dicto and modality de re while retaining a Russellian robust sense of reality in modal matters.
La fórmula Barcan (FB) se considera por lo general una amenaza al realismo. Muestro de qué modo FB
puede verse libre de esta imputación si se construye como un principio puente que conecte la modalidad de
dicto y la modalidad de re al mismo tiempo que retiene un sentido russelliano robusto de realidad en cuestiones
modales
Necessary Intentionality: A Study in the Metaphysics of Aboutness by Ori Simchen
No full textThe relations between our cognitions and what they are about have been much discussed in recent decades. A popular view used to be that the relation between a cognitive state and what it is about is a contingent affair, namely that my cognitive state might have been just as it actually is in the absence of the object it is of, or in the presence of a qualitatively identical object as the one it is of. A second position, one more in vogue now, is that we can distinguish between a wide and a narrow content, where the wide content is dependent on the object it is of while the narrow content is not. Ori Simchen rejects both of these views. Instead, he argues, there is a necessary connection between a cognitive episode and the object it is of. There are no narrow contents. Further, a name is necessarily of the object it names. There are natural kinds and individuals have essences that restrain the way they might be. Necessities abound.This book review is published as Geirsson, H. Ori Simchen, Necessary Intentionality: A Study in the Metaphysics of Aboutness, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, 2012. Posted with permission. </p
Review of Semantics, Metasemantics, Aboutness
No full textOri Simchen, Semantics, Metasemantics, Aboutness, Oxford University Press, 2017, 159 pp., $60.00 (hbk), ISBN 9780198892147
Metasemantics, moderate inflationism, and correspondence truth
Get PDFAn object-based correspondence theory of truth holds that a truth-bearer is true whenever its truth conditions are met by objects and their properties. In order to develop such a view, the principal task is to explain how truth-bearers become endowed with their truth conditions. Modern versions of the correspondence theory see this project as the synthesis of two theoretical endeavours: basic metasemantics and compositional semantics. Basic metasemantics is the theory of how simple, meaningful items (e.g. names and concepts) are endowed with their contributions to truth conditions, and compositional semantics is the theory of how the meanings of simple items compose to generate (among other things) the truth conditions of sentences.
Understanding truth along these broad lines was once popular; it was first championed by Field (1972). However, the once-popular conception of its tasks included an over-ambitious view of basic metasemantics. It was thought that reference needed to be analyzed (or reduced a posteriori) in terms of more fundamental, non-semantic relations (e.g. causal relations, indication, or teleological relations, in the case of mental representation). Obstacles in providing such an analysis engendered skepticism towards this understanding of truth and eventually gave way to its deflationary competitors.
This dissertation aims to defend the modern, object-based correspondence theory against its rivals—especially deflationism. Chapter one provides a historically-grounded overview of the theory. Chapter two identifies two points of contrast between the correspondence theorist and the deflationist: they employ different orders of explanation for the variety of semantic phenomena, and they (traditionally) take different attitudes towards the prospects of reduction. Situating the dialectic in this way allows me to develop a middle ground: a moderate version of inflationism that takes the inflationary explanatory structure and combines it with a non-reductive, pluralist approach to basic metasemantics. Chapter three expands on the details of this pluralist account of reference. Chapter four contrasts the view with another rival approach to basic metasemantics: metasemantic interpretationism. And finally, chapter five applies the theory to answer another question of broad philosophical interest: what role does our conception of truth play in inquiry about the world?Arts, Faculty ofPhilosophy, Department ofGraduat
Rules and Self-Citation
Get PDFI discuss a neglected solution to the skeptical problem introduced by Lewis Carroll’s “What the Tortoise Said to Achilles” (1895) in terms of a self-citational inferential license. I then consider some responses to this solution. The most significant response on behalf of the skeptic utilizes the familiar distinction between two ways of accepting a rule: as action-guiding and as a mere truth. I argue that this is ultimately unsatisfactory and conclude by opting for an alternative conception of rules as representations of behavior deployed for various purposes, some theoretical and others practical. This alternative conception does not allow the skeptical problem to get off the ground
Long-term orbital period behaviour of contact binaries V343 Ori and FZ Ori
Get PDF32nd International Physics Congress of Turkish-Physical-Society (TPS) -- SEP 06-09, 2016 -- Bodrum, TURKEYIn this study, we investigated orbital period variations of two contact binaries V343 Ori and FL Ori based on published minima times. Using the O-C analysis, it was found that both systems indicate orbital period increase. Mass transfer from less massive component to more massive component was used to explain increases in the orbital periods. On the other hand, the secular changes in their periods can be a sign of the thermal relaxation oscillation. In the O-C diagram of FL Ori, periodic variations also exist. Cyclic periodic changes can be explained as being the result of a light travel time effect via a tertiary body around the eclipsing pair. The minimum mass of probable tertiary component around FL Ori was found to be 0.63 M-circle dot. In addition, the cyclic variation may be evidence of magnetic activity of the components, which are late-type stars.Turkish Phys So
Ori Apollinis niliaci Hieroglyphica /
No full textWoodcut t.p. border by Hans Holbein, incorporating his initials at left. Froben's device on last p. (Heitz, P. Basler Büchermarken, 30 [Froben's initials there shown are lacking in present work]). Three initials.Caption title.Mode of access: Internet.Five-line inscription on g4r, signed: Dandeus. The name has been written twice more at the foot of g4r (as Dande), and again on g4v (as Dandes).Last leaf (g4) with colophon bound at beginning of Getty copy.Binding: modern marbled paper. Author, title and date on red leather spine label
The discovery of SycO reveals a new function for type three secretion effector chaperones
Get PDFThe Type Three Secretion (T3S) system is a device used by many Gram-negative pathogens that allows bacteria to deliver effector proteins straight into the eukaryotic cell cytosol. These effectors interfere with various signaling pathways to subvert the host cell functions. The secretion machinery of the T3S system consist of a basal body spanning the bacterial inner and outer membrane followed by a stiff hollow needle outside the bacterium. The fully assembled secretion apparatus constitute a continuous hollow conduit that connects the bacteria to the eukaryotic target cell. After cell contact, virulence proteins -called effectors- are injected directly into the cytosol of the host cell via the T3S apparatus. Several effectors of the T3S system require the assistance of specific cytosolic chaperones to be efficiently exported. There are three classes of T3S chaperones. Effector proteins are assisted by Class I chaperones. Although Class I chaperones are well characterized, their main function is still a matter of controversy. In this thesis, we demonstrate that orf155 encodes a specific chaperone for the effector YopO that we called SycO. We showed that SycO enhances YopO secretion in vitro and is required for translocation of YopO into infected cells. By pulldown assay we demonstrated that residues 20 to 77 of YopO are required and sufficient for SycO binding. Using crosslinking experiments and size exclusion chromatography analysis, we determined the stoichiometry of purified SycO and YopO-SycO complexes. SycO alone forms dimers in solution and the YopO-SycO complex has a 1:2 stoichiometry. These results suggested that SycO is a typical chaperone of the Class I. YopO is a serine/theronine kinase that interacts with Rho and Rac and disrupts the cytoskeleton of the target cells. YopO has been shown to localize at the cell plasma-membrane. By transfection of YopO-EGFP hybrid proteins into HEK293T cells, we demonstrated that the chaperone-binding domain (CBD) coincides with the membrane localization domain of YopO. Nevertheless, the CBD was not needed for the kinase activity of YopO. By ultracentrifugation, we also showed that the CBD causes YopO aggregation in the bacteria, when SycO does not cover it. Further, we show that the CBD of YopE and YopT also caused aggregation in the bacteria in the absence of SycE and SycT respectively. YopE, YopT and T3S effectors in other systems also act at the membrane of the eukaryotic host cell. We propose a new hypothesis concerning the role of T3S chaperones. The sub-cellular localization domain of effectors is aggregation-prone and creates the need for a chaperone inside bacteria. We propose that masking such aggregation-prone localization domains may be a general function for type III effector chaperones
Ori-act: Toolbox for urban re-activation
No full textOri-act is a toolbox using the principles of origami and cnc milling in order to provide inhabitants of depreciated neighborhoods in Rotterdam the means to build a physical platform to carry out their initiatives to reactivate their neighborhood.Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Intectur
Method for flat-foldable curved Miura-ori tessellations
No full textMiniaturizing mechanical tessellations with rigid origami behavior is difficult since rigid origami can only be approached in real mechanical systems. Rigid-origami means that the fold-lines have zero stiffness, and the facets have infinite stiffnes. However, zero stiffness and infinite stiffness can physically not be obtained. To approach the rigid-origami behavior in mechanical tessellation, the stiness of the fold-lines must be reduced. To acquire this low stiness on a micron scale, it is chosen to explore a manufacturing method that uses at material. These at foldable curved tessellations could be used to compensate for the naturally occurring out-of-plane bending of the free edges when at foldable Miura-ori is bend into a cylindrical shell or tube. To compensate for this behavior a legitimate design variation on the Miura-ori pattern has been defined to create a curvature in the folded Miura-ori tessellation. Simulations are used to explore the behavior of the curvature for different parameters of the design variation. Additionally, simulations are performed to explore the behavior of the bend sheet when bend into a Miura-ori tube tessellation. From this simulation the variation indeed showed a curvature for the sheet tessellation and a reduction in curvature of the tube tessellation. To validate if a real mechanical tessellation would show similar curvature in a folded state. A titanium tessellation has been chemically etched and mechanically folded using specialmade mold-stamps. The mechanical titanium sheet tessellations shows a curvature in the folded state, but the curvature is smaller, which is an expected result due to rigid-origami assumptions in the iso-geometric-analysis(IGA) model
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