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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Non-Specific Standardization Test for Areca Yaki Fruit Extract (Areca Vestiaria)
Full text linkThe chemical substances contained in the extracts of natural ingredients must be maintained in quality, so standardization is required. This study aims to prove that ethanol extract of Areca yaki Fruit (Areca Vestiaria) meets the non- specific parameters on the standardization of natural ingredients extract. Ethanol extract of Areca Yaki Fruit is extracted using maceration method. The extracts obtained were tested for several non-specific parameters including desiccant shrinkage, moisture content, total ash content and acid insoluble ash content. The test results are compared with the standard parameters. Areca Yaki Fruit ethanol extract has a drying shrinkage of 0.027%, moisture content of 0.5242%, total ash content of 0.712% and 0.883%, and insoluble acid ash content of 0.048% and 0.056%. Areca Yaki Fruit ethanol extract meets the standard parameters, desiccant shrinkage, moisture content, total ash content, and insoluble acid ash content
UJI INVIVO EKSTRAK UMBI BAWANG HUTAN (Eleutherine americana Merr.) TERHADAP GAMBARAN MAKROSKOPIS ORGAN JANTUNG TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus)
Full text linkABSTRACTForest onion bulbs (Eleutherine americana Merr.), Including the Iridaceae family, have been used for generations by the Dayak people as medicinal plants for various types of diseases such as breast and colon cancer, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia and stroke. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect and side effects of extracts of forest onion bulbs to the macroscopic description of cardiac organ in rats. Thirty male white rats Wistar strain was used as research object, which is divided into three groups of dose that applied with the ethanol extract of Forest onion bulbs orally (5mg/ml, 10mg/ml, 15mg/ml) and one group as controls for comparison. The tests were carried out for 15 days, with observations made against the body weight of rats, macroscopic observation of cardiac organ and observation of cardiac organ weights. The results showed that the provision of forest onion bulbs extract did not cause significant changes based on the graph of observations made on the macroscopic image of the heart organ and the weight of the rats. Keywords : Forest onion bulbs (Eleutherine Americana Merr.), cardiac macroscopic, white rat (Rattus norvegicus)  ABSTRAKUmbi bawang hutan (Eleutherine americana Merr.) termasuk familia Iridaceae, secara turun temurun telah dipergunakan oleh masyarakat dayak sebagai tumbuhan obat untuk berbagai jenis penyakit seperti kanker payudara dan kolon, hipertensi, diabetes mellitus, hiperkolesterol dan strok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh yang ditimbulkan dari konsumsi ekstrak Umbi bawang hutan terhadap gambaran makroskopis organ jantung pada tikus putih. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan hewan percobaan tikus putih jantan galur wistar berjumlah 30 ekor, yang dibagi dalam empat kelompok dosis yang diberi ekstrak etanol umbi bawang hutan secara oral yaitu (5mg/ml, 10mg/ml, 15mg/ml) dan satu kelompok kontrol sebagai pembanding. Masa pengujian dilakukan selama 15 hari, dengan pengamatan yang dilakukan berupa pengamatan berat badan tikus, pengamatan makroskopis organ jantung dan pengamatan berat organ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ektrak umbi bawang hutan tidak menimbulkan perubahan yang signifikan berdasarkan grafik pengamatan yang dilakukan pada gambaran makroskopis organ jantung serta penimbangan berat badan tikus. Kata kunci : Umbi bawang hutan (Eleutherine americana Merr.), makroskopis jantung, tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Antibacterial Efficay Test of Ethanol Extract of Yaki Areca Nut (Areca vestiaria) Against the Growth of Propionibacterium acnes, the Cause of Acne.
No full textA bacterial skin infection that is often experienced by everyone, especially in adolescence, is acne(Acne vulgaris). Acne is caused by the accumulation of excess oil in the skin, thus becoming a medium for bacterial growth, which causes acne. The use of natural antibiotics can be a therapeutic option in the treatment of acne. One of the plants that potentially has antbacterial activity is Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria). The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of areca nut fruit against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes that causes acne. The test of antibacterial activity of areca nut extract with the pitting method found that at a concentration of 10% the antibacterial activity was included in the weak group, 20% was included in the medium group, while those included in the strong group in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes were extracts with concentrations of 40%, 60% and 80%.
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
UJI EFEKTIFITAS SARI BUAH DAN EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantifolia) TERHADAP HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus)
Full text linkABSTRACTLime is a type of orange that is often consumed by the public. The content of lime is vitamin C, flavonoids. This study aims to test the effectiveness of lime juice and ethanol extract of lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia) against hypercholesterolemia in male white rats Galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus). The method used was experimental laboratory. The results were obtained from the stage of measuring blood cholesterol, namely pre and post. The treatment was started by giving high fat feed for 14 days. Furthermore, pretest measurements were carried out. After that, treatment was given to each of the 8 groups, namely CMC in the negative control, simvastatin in the positive control, lime juice and ethanol extract of lime peel. Posttest measurements were carried out after 7 days of administration. The best results with a dose of T3 (0.3) fruit juice and lime peel ethanol extract were PS1 (7.2 mg). Then, the treatment was analyzed using Paired T-test and One Way ANOVA statistical test using SPSS with the results of the sig value. > 0.05 means that it can be concluded that there is no significant difference in the average cholesterol level of rats based on the treatment group.Keywords: Effectiveness test, Lime (Citrus aurantifolia ), Hypercholesterolemia, Male white mouseABSTRAKJeruk nipis merupakan salah satu jenis jeruk yang sering dikonsumsi masyarakat. Kandungan dari jeruk nipis yaitu vitamin C, flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektifitas sari jeruk nipis dan ekstrak etanol kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) terhadap Hiperkolesterolemia pada tikus putih jantan Galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Metode yang digunakan eksperimental laboratorium. Hasil penelitian diperoleh dari tahap pengukuran kolesterol darah,yaitu pre dan post. Perlakuan dimulai dengan memberi pakan tinggi lemak selama 14 hari Selanjutnya dilakukan pengukuran Pretest. Selanjutnya diberikan perlakuan pada tiap 8 kelompok, yaitu CMC pada kontrol negatif, simvastatin pada kontrol positif, Sari buah jeruk nipis dan ekstrak etanol kulit jeruk nipis. Pengukuran Posttest dilakukan setelah 7 hari pemberian. Hasil yang terbaik dengan dosis sari buah T3(0,3) dan Ekstrak etanol kulit jeruk nipis adalah PS1(7,2 mg) . Lalu selanjutnya perlakuan dianalisa dengan uji Paired T-test dan uji statistik One Way ANOVA menggunakan SPSS dengan hasil nilai sig. > 0,05 berati disimpulkan maka tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna rata-rata hasil kadar kolesterol tikus berdasarkan kelompok perlakuan.Kata Kunci: Uji Efektifitas, Jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia), Hiperkolesterolemia, Tikus Putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK DAUN PINANG YAKI (Areca vestiaria) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil)
Full text linkABSTRACTAreca yaki leaves (Areca vestiaria) are a source of antioxidants that can prevent free radicals that can damage body cells. Areca yaki leaves contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and tannins with anticancer, antitumor, antibacterial, and anticancer effects as an anti-fertilizer. This study analyzed the antioxidant activity of areca yaki (Areca vestiaria) leaves obtained from village kinilow . On this research with the maceration method and using the DPPH method (1,1- diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) with concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mg/L to analyze antioxidant activity by spectrophotometer. The results of this study showed that the levels of antioxidants in areca yaki (Areca vestiaria) leaves have antioxidant activity. It also means that the higher the concentration, the higher the levels of antioxidants produced. High levels of antioxidants were obtained at a concentration of 25 with a value of 85.30%. Therefore, the obtained inhibition value is calculated using IC50. The obtained value is 7,8, this matter conclude the antioxidant levels in areca yaki leaves are very strong.Keywords: Areca Yaki Leaves (Areca vestiaria), Antioxidant, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl)  ABSTRAKDaun pinang yaki (Areca vestiaria) merupakan sumber antioksidan yang dapat mencegah radikal bebas yang dapat merusak sel tubuh, daun pinang yaki memiliki kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid, dan tanin yang memiliki efek sebagai antikanker, antitumor, antibakteri, dan juga sebagai antifertilisasi. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan dari daun pinang yaki (Areca vestiaria) yang di peroleh dari desa kinilow. Penelitian ini di lakukan dengan metode maserasi dan dengan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazi) dengan konsentrasi 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mg/L untuk menganalisa aktivitas antioksidan dengan spektrofotometer . Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan kadar antioksidan pada daun pinang yaki (Areca vestiaria) memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan semakin tinggi konsentrasi semakin tinggi pula kadar antioksidan yang dihasilkan. Kadar antioksidan yang besar di dapatkan pada konsentrasi 25 dengan nilai 85,30%. Pada penelitian ini nilai inhibisi yang telah di dapatkan kemudian di hitung dengan menggunakan IC50 dan nilai yang di dapatkan adalah 7,8, hal ini dapat di simpulkan kadar antioksidan pada daun pinang yaki sangat kuat. Kata kunci: Daun Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria),Antioksidan, DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil
PENGARUH KOMBINASI EKSTRAK BAWANG HUTAN (Eleutherine americana) DAN PINANG YAKI (Areca vestiaria) TERHADAP GAMBARAN MAKROSKOPIS ORGAN HATI TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus)
Full text linkABSTRAKBawang Hutan (Eleutherine americana) digunakan oleh masyarakat setempat terutama bagian umbinya untuk mengobati penyakit kanker. Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria) digunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai bahan obat tradisional, biasanya untuk menyembuhkan penyakit seperti diare dan diabetes. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran makroskopis kombinasi ekstrak bawang hutan (E. americana) dan pinang yaki (A. vestiaria) terhadap organ hati dan perubahan berat badan yang terjadi pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan hewan percobaan tikus putih berjumlah 15 ekor, ekstrasi dilakukan dengan maserasi menggunakan etanol 70%, perlakuan dilakukan selama 14 hari, kemudian dilakukan pembedahan.Gambaran makroskopis dari organ hati tikus putih berwarna merah kecoklatan, pada berat badan ditimbang sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan.Peneltian menunjukan bahwa dengan pemberian kombinasi ekstrak bawang hutan dan pinang yaki tidak memberikan perubahan yang signifikan terhadap gambaran makroskopis organ hati dan mengalami penurunan berat badan pada tikus putih.Kata Kunci: Bawang Hutan (Eleutherine americana), Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria), makroskopis hati, tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus)ABSTRACTForest Onion (Eleutherine americana) is used by local people especially the tuber to treat cancer. Crownshaft Palm Nut (Areca vestiaria) is used by the community as an ingredient in traditional medicine, usually to cure diseases such as diarrhea and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine the macroscopic description of the combination of extract of onion forest (E. americana) and Crownshaft Palm Nut (A. vestiaria) on the liver and change in body weight that occurred in male white rats wistar strain (Rattus norvegicus). This research was conducted using 15 white rats, extraction was carried out by maceration using 70% ethanol, treatment was carried out for 14 days, then surgery. Macroscopic Image of the liver of white rats brownish red, the body weight was weighed before and after treatment. Research shows that the combination of forest onion and crownshaft palm nut extracts did not give a significant change to the macroscopic appearance of the liver and decreased body weight in white rats.Keyword: Forest Onion (Eleutherine americana), Crownshaft Palm Nut (Areca vestiaria), macroscopic liver, white rat (Rattus norvegicus
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