1,044 research outputs found
Cancer incidence and cancer-attributable mortality among persons with AIDS in the United States: 1980-2006
No full textContext: Profound immune suppression is the hallmark of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the principal sequela of chronic HIV disease is progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). There are over half a million people living with AIDS in the U.S. today and many more with HIV infection who have yet to develop AIDS. HIV-associated immune deficiency, coinfection with oncogenic viruses and elevated prevalences of smoking and alcohol use, place persons with HIV/AIDS at increased risk for a number of cancers. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), widely available since 1996, results in partial immune restoration among persons with HIV/AIDS. Concurrent with increased HAART use, declines in AIDS-related mortality and in the incidence of some cancers have been observed. However, as survival increases among persons with AIDS, little is known about their long-term cancer risk. Further, as rates of AIDS-related deaths decline, cancers may emerge increasingly important sources of mortality in this aging population.
Specific Aims: The aims of this dissertation were to: (1) determine cancer risk among persons with longstanding AIDS in years 3-5 and years 6-10 after AIDS onset, (2) to evaluate the impact of HAART on cancer incidence in years 3-10 after AIDS onset, (3) to quantify the cumulative incidence of AIDS-defining cancer and non-AIDS-defining cancer, controlling for trends in mortality, and (4) to determine the fraction of deaths among persons with AIDS attributable to cancer.
Design, Setting, and Patients: Data from the population-based U.S. HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study (HACM) were used to address the aims of this dissertation. Records of persons with HIV/AIDS in surveillance registries from 9 states and 6 metropolitan areas (diagnosed during 1980-2008) were linked to corresponding cancer registry records using a probabilistic matching algorithm. Records were linked on demographic characteristics which were assigned a weight to represent their importance. AIDS onset date was recorded according to the 1993 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance case definition. Incident, invasive cancers were coded according to the International Classification for Diseases for Oncology (third edition). Subsequent to the match, all identifying information was removed. For Aims 1 and 2, we constructed a cohort of 263,254 adults and adolescents with AIDS (diagnosed during 1980-2004) and evaluated incident cancers occurring during years 3-5 and 6-10 after AIDS onset. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) assessed risks relative to the general population. Rate ratios (RRs) derived from Poisson regression compared cancer incidence before and after 1996 to assess the impact of HAART. For Aims 3 and 4, we constructed a cohort of 372,364 adults and adolescents with AIDS who were alive, caner-free, and under follow-up for cancer at the start of the fourth month after AIDS onset. We used competing risk methods to determine cumulative incidence of cancer (AIDS-defining cancers [ADCs] and non-AIDS-defining cancers [NADCs]) and Cox regression to estimate cancer-attributable mortality across 3 calendar periods (AIDS onset in 1980-1989, 1990-1995, and 1996-2006).
Results: Aims 1 and 2 demonstrated risks of ADCs (Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, cervical cancer) were significantly elevated during 3-5 and 6-10 years after AIDS, and incidence of Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma declined significantly between the pre-HAART (1990-1995) and HAART era (1996-2006). Other cancers with elevated risks in the 3-5 and 6-10 year periods, respectively, were cancers of the oral cavity/pharynx (SIR 1.9 95%CI 1.6-2.1, and SIR 1.8 95%CI 1.5-2.1) and anus (SIR 27 95%CI 24-31, and SIR 40 95%CI 35-45), and Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR 9.1 95%CI 7.8-11, and SIR 12 95%CI 9.7-14). Between 1990-1995 and 1996-2006, incidence increased for anal cancer (RR 2.9 95%CI 2.1-4.0) and Hodgkin lymphoma (RR 2.0 95%CI 1.3-2.9). Aims 3 and 4 demonstrated cumulative incidence of ADCs declined across AIDS calendar periods (from 8.7% among persons diagnosed with AIDS during 1980-1989 to 6.4% among persons diagnosed with AIDS during 1990-1995 to 2.1% among persons diagnosed with AIDS during 1996-2006). Cumulative incidence of NADCs increased from 0.86% in 1980-1989 to 1.1% in 1990-1995 with little change thereafter (1.0%, 1996-2006). However, the cumulative incidence of some site-specific NADCs (anal cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, liver cancer and lung cancer) increased. Among those with AIDS and cancer, cancer-attributable mortality increased to 88.3% (ADC) and 87.1% (NADC) during 1996-2006, and population-attributable NADC mortality increased to 2.3% (1996-2006). Population-attributable ADC mortality decreased from 6.3% (1990-1995) to 3.9% (1996-2006).
Conclusions: Among people who survived an AIDS diagnosis for several years or more, we observed continuing risks of ADCs and elevated long-term risks for selected NADCs, notably anal cancer and Hodgkin lymphoma. We also noted dramatically declining incidence of ADCs and increases in some NADCs, while controlling for temporal trends in mortality using competing risk methods. Among people with AIDS who develop cancer, their malignancy is the predominant cause of death, pointing to the need for more effective cancer treatment in this population. Further, NADCs account for a growing fraction of all deaths among persons diagnosed with AIDS in the HAART era. Continued monitoring of long-term cancer risk among persons with AIDS is warranted and should be extended to include persons with HIV infection alone. As HIV infection is increasingly considered with chronic disease management paradigms, greater attention should be focused on cancer screening and prevention strategies among person with HIV/AIDS.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Edgar P. Simar
Os paratextos das antologias brasileiras de contos de Edgar Allan Poe no século XXI
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Florianópolis, 2014.Esta tese analisa elementos paratextuais em antologias brasileiras de contos de Edgar Allan Poe lançados ou reeditados nos doze primeiros anos do século XXI, verificando de que forma o autor e sua obra são apresentados ao leitor através desses paratextos. Para tanto, analiso quartas capas, orelhas, prefácios, posfácios e notas. O nível de participação do tradutor na utilização desses elementos é também examinado, para que se possa averiguar até que ponto esse intermediador de culturas teve visibilidade nas publicações. A referida análise é norteada, principalmente, pelos fundamentos teóricos de Gérard Genette, sobretudo em seu livro intitulado Paratextos Editoriais (2009), do original Seuils (1987).Abstract : This thesis analyzes paratextual elements in Edgar Allan Poe's Brazilian anthologies of short stories published or reprinted in the first twelve years of the 21st century, observing how the author and his fictional writings are presented to the reader through those paratexts. Thus, I analyze back pages, flaps, forewords, afterwords, and notes. The use the translator made of those elements is examined in order to assess the translator's visibility in the published editions. The referred analysis is grounded mainly on Gérard Genette's theory, especially in his book entitled Editorial Paratexts (2009) from the original Seuils (1987)
Papers of Edgar Stanley Fairweather
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/66102Reminiscences (untitled manuscript, photocopy); 119 numbered pages, plus several additional e.g. 79, 79A, 79B. MS completed in 1980 ['Seven months ago, 14th December 1979...', p.118]. Also typed copy of letter from 'Dad'to Jean, 22 March 1968, describing demolition of BHP chimney stack in March 1916; writer identified as 'J.C.Fairweather, son of F.J.Fairweather', older brother of the author of the main ms. Also copies of Abercrombie and related correspondence 1851-1936.113513
Acquisition: [1980.0151] "Papers of Edgar Stanley Fairweather
Edgar Gardner Murphy, from records and memories
No full textList of the writings of Edgar Gardner Murphy : p. 116-120.Mode of access: Internet
Poe's biopics : representations of the author in D.W. Griffith's Edgar Allen Poe and James Mcteigue's The raven
No full textLiterary biopics often reinforce romantic images regarding the creative process, emphasizing biographic and author-centered approaches to literature previously denounced by Roland Barthes (1977). Curiously, one of the most famous critics of such romantic conceptions, Edgar Allan Poe, has himself been a victim of this very same treatment, his literary production being taken as part and result of his controversial biography in a number of works. This article analyzes two biographical films, or biopics, about the renowned poet, D.W. Griffith’s Edgar Allen Poe (sic) (1909) and James McTeigue’s The Raven (2012). The analysis of these works indicates that both reinforce the merge of the artist’s life and oeuvre, as well as the blurring of borders between fact and fiction, author and character, high and mass culture, thus contributing to the characterization of the biopic as a fitting example of historiographic metafiction. (Hutcheon, 1988).Cinebiografias literárias frequentemente reforçam visões românticas quanto ao fazer artístico, reiterando a visão biografista e a centralidade do autor há muito denunciadas por Roland Barthes (1977). Curiosamente, um dos mais célebres críticos de tais concepções românticas, Edgar Allan Poe, viu-se vítima desse mesmo tratamento ao ter sua produção literária apropriada como parte e reflexo de sua controversa biografia em diversas obras. O presente artigo debruça-se sobre dois filmes biográficos, ou biopics, acerca do célebre poeta, Edgar Allen Poe (sic), de D.W. Griffith (1909), e O Corvo, de James McTeigue (2012). A análise das obras aponta que ambas reiteram a fusão entre vida e obrado artista, bem como o apagamento das fronteiras entre fato histórico e ficção, entre autor e personagem, alta cultura e cultura de massa, contribuindo para a caracterização do gênero biopic como um dos mais bem-acabados exemplos de metaficção historiográfica (Hutcheon, 1988)
La Fete. Marche de Brayoure.
No full textsectionalpianoTo Joseph P. Shawads on back cover for J.F. Shaw stockJohns Hopkins University, Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box
180, Item 034par Edgar H. Sherwood.as performed by the Author at the Opening of Shaw's New Music Rooms, Rochester, N.Y.C.F. Muntz & Co. Lith. Rochester N.Y
La Fete. Marche de Brayoure.
No full textsectionalpianoTo Joseph P. Shawads on back cover for J.F. Shaw stockJohns Hopkins University, Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box
180, Item 034par Edgar H. Sherwood.as performed by the Author at the Opening of Shaw's New Music Rooms, Rochester, N.Y.C.F. Muntz & Co. Lith. Rochester N.Y
The Erosion of State Capacity and the European Innovation Policy Dilemma: A Comparison of German and EU Information Technology Policies. IHS Political Science Series: 2000, No. 70
No full textThe article analyzes the impact of the globalization of markets, technologies and companies and of the Europeanization of public policies on state capacities in technology policy. Based on empirical examples from the field of information technology, the article argues that technology policy has been characterized by two contradictory developments in the last two decades. On the one hand, the concepts and strategies guiding public policies have become more and more complex, resulting in comprehensive programs for national and European "innovation policies". On the other hand, as a result of the economic globalization; as well as of changes in the internal structure of the state, the state capacities to implement these ambitious strategies successfully have been eroding. As a consequence, technology policy both on the national and on the supranational level has been confronted with an intensifying strategic dilemma. Finally, the article discusses policy options to cope with this strategic dilemma in innovation policy
Contribuições do pensamento complexo para o campo epistêmico do jornalismo
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Jornalismo, Florianópolis, 2013O trabalho estabelece conexões entre a epistemologia da complexidade e o jornalismo, entendido aqui como forma social de conhecimento que, enquanto campo de estudo e prática social, estruturou-se sob as diretrizes do paradigma positivista-cartesiano. A noção de pensamento complexo, desenvolvida na obra de Edgar Morin, aponta a necessidade de superação do pensamento simplificador para a construção dos conhecimentos no mundo atual. Tal superação implicaria a religação dos saberes e o reconhecimento da interdependência existente entre os fenômenos. Essa perspectiva teórica é congruente com a proposta de Adelmo Genro Filho, para quem as categorias singular, particular e universal coexistem nos fatos jornalísticos, em relação dialética. A aproximação dos pensamentos dos dois autores busca indicar caminhos para compreender o fenômeno jornalístico na perspectiva da complexidade Abstract: This research establishes connections between epistemology of complexity and journalism, here taken as a social kind of knowledge which has been structured guided by positivist-cartesian paradigm. The notion of complex thinking, developed at Edgar Morin?s work, indicates the necessity of overcoming the simplifier thinking to build knowledge in the current world. That overcoming would involve the reconnection of different kinds of knowledge and the assumption of the existing interdependence between phenomenon. Such theoretical perspective is congruent with Adelmo Genro Filho?s proposal, which sustains that cathegories singular, particular and universal coexist dialectically in journalistic facts. The approach of both author?s thoughts intends to indicate possibilities to understanding the journalistic phenomenon under the perspective of complexity
Edgar Allan Poe illustrated
No full textEdgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) had a great influence on works of art of different times. Not few painters and illustrators were inspired by his short stories and poems. His legacy transcended its place of birth and extended all over Europe, partly thanks to the translations made by writers such as Stéphane Mallarmé (1842-1898), who showed great admiration for the American author. The purpose of this article is to analyze the way Poe’s texts were captured by classic, modern, and contemporary artists. The focus of attention is put on the identification of the similarities and differences between their works, and their approximation to the selected texts.</p
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