1,720,957 research outputs found
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ARGON LASER IN PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL RETINAL BREAKS IN PREVENTING RETINAL DETACHMENT
Full text linkRetinal detachment is a risk to one's vision that occurs about 1 in 10,000 times. Prior to the 1920s, this disease was completely blinding. Restoration of retinal detachments has been much simpler over the past 50 years thanks to procedures like scleral buckling, pneumatic retinopexy, and vitrectomy. Rhegmatogenous, tractional, and exudative retinal detachments are the three types. When subretinal fluid accumulates between the retinal pigment epithelium and the neurosensory retina, retinal detachment occurs. During this phase, three things might occur. Breaking the retina is one way to let vitreous directly enter the subretinal region. This retinal detachment is rhegmatogenous. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments are frequently brought on by trauma- or posterior vitreous-separated-induced retinal tears. The growth of membranes on the vitreous or retinal surface is a second mechanism.These membranes have the capacity to physically divide the retinal pigment epithelium from the neurosensory retina. A tractional retinal detachment is what this is. Proliferative retinopathy caused by sickle cell anemia, diabetes, or other conditions that neovascularize the retina can cause tractional retinal detachment. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy following trauma or surgery may also contribute to tractional retinal detachments. Fluid exuding from a mass lesion or an accumulation of subretinal fluid caused by inflammatory mediators are the third causes of retinal detachment. Serous or exudative retinal detachment is the term used to describe this mechanism. Sarcoidosis and choroidal neoplasms are two examples of inflammatory or exudative retinal disease processes that can cause serous detachments. Patients with aggressively spreading cancers, such as testicular cancer, may also have serous retinal detachments. A case study of a retinal detachment without a profilactive argon laser and a known peripheral retinal break is presented. The patient arrived at our clinic with symptoms of retinal detachment that had been present for two to three weeks, as well as peripheral retinal breaks that had been photographed eight months prior.Keywords: Retinal detachment; peripheral retinal breaks; rhegmatogenous; tractional; exudative; profilactive argon laser
Treatment of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy with Panretinal Photo Coagulation and Anti VEGF Injection, Depending on the Case
Full text linkProliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is the most common cause of severe visual loss in people with diabetes. Although panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) remains one of the best treatment, it has many side effects. So other new treatment modalities have emerged. These can be used to increase the extent of treatment, expedite the effect of laser treatment and provide alternate measures when laser delivery is difficult or impossible, especially in patients with vitreous haemorrhage, or when the patient is at young age. Currently, most of the research in this field is focussed on inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Although limited by their short-lived effects, anti-VEGF agents are widely available, especially for the treatment of aggressive PDR. We present 2 cases which had regression of neovascularization within four weeks of the initial treatments, and maintained their visual acuity with no evidence of recurrent neovascularization through 12 months after initiating treatment. Intravitreous injections of anti-VEGF therapy may be an alternative treatment option for patients with PDR. We followed a system of 3 injection q4wk followed by injection q8wk, depending on gravity of macular edema and it’s regression from anti-VEGF intravitreal injections. Keywords: PRP, PDR, VEGF, DME, etc.
THE EFFECTS OF INTRAVITREAL ANTI-VEGF INJECTION ON THE MACULAR EDEMA AND VISUAL ACUITY OF PATIENTS WITH WET ARMD
Full text linkGlobally, age-related macular degeneration, or AMD, is the primary cause of irreversible vision loss. It has 2 late-stage manifestations, which may coexist: a nonneo-vascular form known as geographic atrophy and a neovascular form characterized by the presence of macular neovascularization, previously known as choroidal neovascularization. Risk factors for AMD may be nonmodifiable (eg, age) or modifiable (eg, cigarette smoking and low micronutrient intake). According to multiple genome-wide association studies, genetic factors account for at least 55% of total AMD risk, and the pathway most consistently implicated in AMD is the complement cascade. For exudative AMD, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents are the cornerstone of care and are typically administered using 1 of 3 broad approaches: fixed-interval dosing, as-needed dosing, or treat-and-extend dosing. In addition to AMD, multiple retinal pathologies may lead to choroidal neovascularization; these distinct exudative diseases are also frequently managed with antivascular endothelial growth factor drugs. Case report: We describe three months of treatment with three intavitrealaflibercept (EYLEA) in two cases of ARMD with macular edema. Following each injection, the visual acuity (VA) increased in both of the cases. The purpose of this article is to review how anti-VEGF medications affect macular edema and help ARMD patients see better.Keywords: ARMD; macular edema, coroidalneovascularisation, visual acuity, anti-VEGF treatment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Stargardt's Disease (Fundus Flavimaculatus)
Full text linkBackground: Stargardt's Disease is included in the group of degenerative macular diseases, which consists of the progressive loss of cones in fovea of both eyes, leading to variable levels of central vision loss. It is symptomatically similar to age-related macular degeneration and it affects approximately one in 10,000 children, in ages between 7 and 12 years old. Case Report: We report a case of a 13 years old boy who presented with severely reduced bilateral visual acuity. He was admitted to handicapped children school since he was suspected of malingering. He had no family history or previous ocular symptoms. His visual acuity was 20/200 s.c à 20/50 in mydriasis. Fluorescein Angiography, with the characteristic aspect of "bull's eye" due to a "window effect" at the level of the peri foveolar depigmentation limit, was very helpful to decide the right diagnosis. Conclusion: Currently, there is no effective treatment for Stargardt's disease, but having the right diagnosis may assist the patient, family members and the society to adapt helpful behaviors. Individuals benefit from the use of low vision aids and orientation and mobility training.Keywords: Stargardt's disease; bilateral visual loss; progressive; children
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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