Anglisticum - Journal of the Association for Anglo-American Studies, Macedonia
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ORIENTALISM ACROSS THE EPOCHS: DECODING CENTURIES, SHAPING FUTURES
Full text linkThis article presents a meticulous exploration of Orientalism, tracing its origins from the medieval period to contemporary manifestations. Combining historical perspectives that track Western perceptions of the East with theoretical insights scrutinizing the construction and interpretation of knowledge, the study delves into key epochs. From its nascent stages in medieval Europe, influenced by early translations of classical texts referencing the East, Orientalism evolved during the Renaissance and Enlightenment. The nineteenth century saw its entanglement with colonial ambitions, which shaped Western perspectives. Edward Said prompted a critical reevaluation in the twentieth century, introducing diverse voices and postcolonial perspectives. In the twenty-first century, Orientalism adapts to increased inclusivity and global dialogues, influenced by digital archives, cultural exchange, and interconnectivity. This article offers a nuanced understanding of Orientalism's multifaceted journey, reflecting on its historical roots and contemporary adaptations in the dynamic landscape of the East and West's interactions
ISSUES OF TERMINOLOGY IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE JADID MOVEMENT
Full text linkThe Jadid movement, which began in Crimea at the beginning of the last century, also spread to Uzbekistan. Influenced by the progressive opinions of the Christian-tatar intellectuals, the heroes of the nation, who wrote their names on the pages of history, grew up. Having visited the countries of Europe, Tatarstan, and Turkey and seeing scientific and technical progress and economic and cultural developments there, they dreamed of building such a society. They realized that the first factor in this was to enlighten the people. To make the nation literate, they took the initiative of reforming education, opening new method schools, reforming the alphabet, which is an obstacle to quick and easy education, and developing national spelling rules. The field for the discussion of the alphabet and spelling was the press. The jadids expressed their opinions and suggestions through the press and at occasional meetings. The alphabet was thus reformed, laying the foundation for the creation of national orthography.One of the major issues was the nationalization of terms (terminology) that had entered or were entering the national literary language. Among the Jadid enlightenment thinkers, there were differing views on this matter. While some had a positive attitude toward the nationalization of terms, others believed that such words should be adopted in their original form. This study analyzes Jadids’s attitudes toward borrowed words and their views on the principles of adopting foreign terms
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FAIRY TALES AND FAIRY TALE WRITERS WITH AN EMPHASIS ON TINA WAJTAWA, THE ‘LITTLE FLOWER’ FROM RESIA
Full text linkThe paper deals with the comparative analysis of the fairy-tale motif of the animal groom/bride, which in H. J. Uther's international index of fairy-tale types is marked with numbers from 400 to 459, or the Beauty and the Beast motif, which is marked with the number ATU 425C. The fairy tale type is known from ancient literature, from Apuleius' tale of Amor and Psyche (2nd century), through many versions of European fairy tales, from the French précieuses of M. De Beaumont (Beauty and the Beast), to the golden age of fairy tales and variants by Dorothea Viehmann (The Singing, Springing Lark, 1815), Laura Gonzenbach (Zafarana, 1870), and the variant by Tina Wajtawa (1900–1984), the fairy tale writer from Resia, entitled Dekle, ki je hotela rožico (The Girl Who Wanted a Flower). The results of the comparative analysis show that the fairy tales are similar and different at the same time. The essential similarity of the variants by the Resia fairy tale writer Tina TinaWajtawa, who told the motif of the animal groom/bride three times (Benjamina, The Girl Who Wanted a Flower and Žabica [The Little Frog]), shows that Tina Wajtawa related to the antiquity and the Romanesque tradition, while at the same time she added specific cultural elements from Rhesia as well as modern elements; in addition to the attribute of beauty, she attributedted the attribute of subjectivization (thinking) to her heroines
THE ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE TRADE DEVELOPMENT
Full text linkThis paper analyzes and reviews scholarly information on the relationship between trade and the environment through case studies such as that of South Korea, which illustrates their connectivity. These two concepts are explored from both an environmentalist perspective and an economic perspective, which highlights the benefits and limitations between the two. Considering that both notions are affected by one another, this review looks through the positive and negative lenses of the impact of trade in the environment. Moreover, to enhance the understanding of the topic, this research uses economic sources that provide definitions and graphical information of all measurable impacts. Because their questionable relationship is supported and contradicted by both realms, the works referenced include articles that focus on diminishing the barrier between the environment and trade schemes. Additionally, to illustrate the relationships and effects, selected case studies are analyzed and set as a baseline for comparison throughout this review. The environment, which is a very broad concept, has been examined in terms of socioeconomic value and assessed through economic methods that evaluate its importance in terms of state development through trade. This paper examines how trade influences environmental outcomes and evaluates the conditions under which trade can support or undermine sustainable development
ETHNOGRAPHIC INSIGHT INTO THE COLORFUL ZADRIMA: THE ZADRIMA BRIDAL ATTIRE
Full text linkThis study examines the bridal attire of Zadrima as a fundamental element of cultural heritage and ethnographic identity in northern Albania. Its analysis demonstrates the strong interrelation between the aesthetic function, the ritual dimension, and the determination of the bride’s social and familial status. The research highlights the materials employed (flax, wool, silk, cotton), weaving and embroidery techniques, as well as the chromatic symbolism, all of which convey meanings tied to fertility, protection, and continuity of life. At the same time, the Zadrima bridal attire is considered as part of a broader cultural perspective, where Illyrian and Mediterranean cultural impacts (such as Etruria) are reflected in its structure and ornamentation. This study, grounded in Albanian ethnographic literature and comparative sources, seeks to provide a new interpretative perspective by situating Zadrima bridal attire not only within its local traditional framework of local tradition but also as an integral part of the national heritage and, potentially, of the world’s cultural heritage
THE ROLE OF STYLISTIC FEATURES IN THE EPIC “THE BIRTH OF GOROGLY”
Full text linkThis research examines “The Birth of Goroʻgʻli”, a prominent example of Uzbek oral folk literature, through a linguoculturological approach. The study identifies and analyzes linguistic elements used in the text, such as euphemisms, theonyms, symbols, and precedent names, and explores their semantic, stylistic, and cultural-spiritual connotations. This analysis reveals not only the artistic and aesthetic features of the epic but also the ancient worldview, system of thinking, ethical principles, and cultural values of the Uzbek people. Euphemisms reflect people's refined taste and respect for moral norms; theonyms highlight religious perceptions, belief systems, and attitudes toward divine powers; and symbols express the aesthetic views, philosophical thinking, and life concepts of the people. The use of precedent names demonstrates the nation’s cultural memory and its reverent attitude toward historical figures, sacred images, and cultural heritage. Overall, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of the linguistic and cultural representations embedded in traditional oral narratives and their broader significance in the context of national identity
REPRESENTATION OF AUTHORS IN THE ACADEMIC MONOGRAPH LITERARY ATLAS OF LJUBLJANA, 2014
Full text linkThe interdisciplinary project entitled The Space of Slovenian Literary Culture, which was led by ZRC SAZU and ran from 2011 to 2014, was financed with public funds or ARIS. The project was led by Marko Juvan and his colleagues from the fields of literary studies (M. Dolgan, M. Dović, J. Habjan, A. Jež, A. Koron, M. Ogrin and J. Škulj, M. Hladnik, U. Perenič, B. Lampič) and geography. A monograph was also produced as part of the project, co-financed by the Slovenian Book Agency and the City of Ljubljana. The first part of the monograph contains an explanation of the name Ljubljana, written by the etymologist Dr Silvo Torkar. The website Space of Slovenian Literary Culture (http://pslk.zrc-sazu.si/sl/o-projektu/) provides detailed information about the project, spatial analyses, the Atlas and related projects
LIFE AND WORK OF ZLATA PIRNAT COGNARD AND CHILDREN’S LITERATURE
Full text linkThis study examines the life and literary legacy of Zlata Pirnat Cognard, a remarkable luminary in the field of children's literature. It meticulously traces her life from her birth in Trsat, Croatia, in 1912 to her later migration to Ljubljana and France, where she studied history, sociology and her deep interest in children's literature. Cognard's academic work was characterized by extensive research on Yugoslav women writers, which resulted in seminal works such as the Bibliography of Slovene Women Writers (1936) and her doctoral thesis completed at Sorbonne in 1975. Her meticulous compilation of bibliographies and her astute critical analyses serve to illuminate the literary output of Slovene and Croatian women writers and thus secure them a place in academic discourse. Outside of academia, Cognard works as a journalist and writer, contributing to the literary landscape with original works and translations. In addition, her interaction with prominent figures emphasizes her important role as a catalyst for cultural exchange. This contribution emphasizes the value of Cognard's literary archive, which is kept in the National and University Library of Ljubljana, and makes it an indispensable resource for future research. Through a careful examination of her lasting legacy and its impact on Slovenian, Croatian and French literature, this study seeks to shed light on Cognard's lasting influence on children's literature and academic research
THE TRIADIC MODEL FOR MODERN LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODOLOGY: SEMIOTIC, TRANSLATIONAL, AND HUMANISTIC DIMENSIONS IN ECO, MILIČ, AND ÇABEJ
Full text linkThe aim of this article is to present the Slovenian translation of Umberto Eco’s Ur-Fascism (1995), translated by Jolka Milič. While this essay is widely recognized, it is less well known that Eco also wrote three short contemporary fairy tales addressing ecology, pacifism, and anti-war themes, published in picture book form. Eco’s theoretical framework is employed to analyse the fourteen characteristics of Ur-Fascism as reflected in selected contemporary fairy tales by Slovene authors. The study integrates the linguistic and pedagogical contributions of Eqrem Çabej, whose pioneering research on the historical development and structure of the Albanian language persists in shaping linguistic pedagogy across the Balkans, within the broader context of modern language instruction methodologies. The paper proposes a Triadic Model for Modern Language Teaching Methodology, a framework that integrates critical semiotics, intercultural awareness, and linguistic humanism in contemporary education, by amalgamating Eco's semiotic theory, Milič's translational mediation, and Çabej's humanistic linguistics
EARLY POSTMODERNIST AND SOCIALIST REALISM TENDENCIES IN THE CREATIVE WORK OF RAMADAN SOKOLI
Full text linkOver 60% of Ramadan Sokoli's music is composed of flute. These operas include miniatures, duets, and trios and extend to rhapsodies, suites, and concertos. In Prof. Sokoli's "Rhapsody No.1" for flute and piano, the choice of the Sonata Form (with an introductory theme and episode, without development) and reliance on the intonations of the Shkodër urban folk music (themes and modal-tonal harmony) result in a piece that is both accessible to audiences and exemplary in its refinement of folk music traditions. "Concerto No.1" for flute and piano, composed by Prof. Sokoli in 1956, shares the same year of composition as "Rhapsody No.1." While the structural elements of both works are nearly identical—featuring an introductory Sostenuto with rich harmonic textures, themes inspired by the intonations of northern urban music, and a Sonata Form, "Concerto No.1" marks a significant advancement in harmonic and thematic development. In "Burlesque," Prof. Sokoli chose a small ternary composition structure. This miniature for flute incorporates thematic material with a distinct national character. Despite being miniature, the flute technique is well showcased, establishing it as a convincing addition to the flute repertoire.
The researcher worked on these operas with the students in class and played them in the concert, and reached the following conclusions