435 research outputs found
FIGURE 4 in A new species of coralsnake (Micrurus: Elapidae) from southern Brazil
No full textFIGURE 4. Mean, minimum and maximum values (A) and mean and standard error (B) of ventral scale numbers for both sexes. Species 1 = M. altirostris; Species 2 = M. baliocoryphus; Species 3 = M. frontalis; Species 4 = M. pyrrhocryptus; Species 5 = M. silviae; Species 6 = M. tricolor. Closed circles = males; open circles = femalesPublished as part of Di-Bernardo, Marcos, Borges-Martins, Marcio & Silva, Nelson Jorge Da, 2007, A new species of coralsnake (Micrurus: Elapidae) from southern Brazil, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 1447 on page 11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17616
Micrurus silviae Di-Bernardo, Borges-Martins & Silva, 2007, sp. nov.
No full textMicrurus silviae sp. nov. (Figures 1 and 2) Type Material — Holotype: CRUPF 1488, adult male, from Passo Fundo Municipality, Miranda Stream (within the drainage basin of the Companhia Riograndense de Saneamento—CORSAN dam), in the W-NW of Rio Grande do Sul; collected on 21 March 2005 by Vilson Luiz Mello de Paulo. Paratypes: Rio Grande do Sul - IB 699 (M), Alegrete; MCN 4652 (M) and IB 52173 (M), Cacequí; IB 6072 (M), IB 16643 (M), IB 18689 (M), and IB 23418 (F), Carazinho; IB 53080 (M), Catuípe; MCN 5155 (M), IB 11122 (M), IB 11256 (M), IB 11432 (M), IB 15758 (M), IB 16604 (M), IB 18570 (M) and IB 40194 (F), Cruz Alta; IB 7357 (M), Friedhemi; IB 7846 (F), IB 8088 (M), and IB 23621 (F), Ijuí; IB 11615 (M), Itapeví, Alegrete; ZUFSM 0 86 (M), ZUFSM 2173 (F), and ZUFSM 2341 (M), Manoel Viana; CRUPF 581 (M), Mato Castelhano; CRUPF 149 (M), Nicolau Vergueiro; CRUPF 194 (M), Passo Fundo; IB 13640 (M), Rosário do Sul; IB 16055 (M), Santa Bárbara do Sul; MCN 3892 (M), Santa Maria; MCP 15983, Santo Augusto (M); MCP 12164 (F), Sarandi; MCN 8187 (F), Tupanciretã. Diagnosis — Micrurus silviae is diagnosable from all other South American triadal coralsnakes by the combination of the following fixed characters: a) snout and head mostly black colored with white bordered scales (anteriorly), including the rostral, internasals, nasals, prefrontals, preoculars, and postoculars; b) gular region white with few black markings; and c) middle black ring 1.5 or twice as long as the external ones. Additionally M. silviae is unique in possessing an anteromedial process in the frontal bones. Description of holotype —Rostral wider than high, prefrontals slightly longer than the internasals. Frontal longer than its distance from the snout; parietals as long as their distance from the snout. Dorsals in 15 - 15 - 15 rows; 1 + 2 temporals; 7 supralabials; 7 infralabials; no preocular; 2 postoculars; 226 ventrals, 5 preventrals, and 21 subcaudals (paired). Snout predominantly black with white bordered scales anteriorly. Top of the head black including the frontal, supraoculars and parietals. Anterior border of the parietals partially white, and anterior border of the supraoculars and frontal white. Anterior temporals red and heavily marked by black with a thin white border anteriorly; posterior temporals red marked with black posteriorly (inferior border of the posterior inferior temporal white). First six supralabials white with black markings along the posterior bor- der reaching the middle and superior part of the 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th, and 5 th scales; 6 th supralabials mostly white (anterior half) with red posterior border, and black middle superior border; 3 rd and 4 th infralabials in contact with the orbit. Gular region white (mostly immaculate) with black markings between the anterior and posterior genials, and the posterior tip of the second genials. First five infralabials white; 6 th and 7 th infralabials red and all infralabials black marked posteriorly. 1 st and 2 nd ventral scales divided. The neck is red with first two to three scales heavily marked by black and the remainder of red scales black-tipped. The supraoculars are black with anterior white border. The first triad is separated from the parietals by two dorsal scales. There are 14 (13 + 1) black body triads, with the middle black ring two times longer than the external ones. White rings are blacktipped and shorter than the external black rings. Red rings shorter than the whole triad and all scales (red) are weakly black-tipped. Ventrally all black and white rings are irregular not always completing the circle around the body. Overall length of the holotype is 1,113 mm with a head length of 31 mm, a SVL of 1,050 mm, and a TL of 63 mm. The TL/SVL ratio is 0.06 (Figures 1 and 2). Variation —With the initial sample of 34 specimens males showed a range of 205 to 232 ventral scales, 18 to 26 subcaudal scales, and 10 to 15 triads (n = 27; Tables 1 and 2). Females showed a range of 211 to 234 ventral scales, 15 to 24 subcaudal scales, and 11 to 13 triads (n = 6; Tables 1 and 2). The first triad is separated from the parietal scales by two to five dorsal scales. The head (nasals, prefrontals, frontal, supraoculars and parietals) is black with thin white borders at the anterior suture of scales. Rarely there is a reduction of the black color at the parietals in the unique fashion observed in Micrurus altirostris. However, sometimes a reduction of black in the margins of the parietals and a varying degree of white in the snout is also observable. The temporal region has a variable degree of red and black. The red rings may attain the length of the whole triad and even be a 1 / 3 longer; black tips of scales may vary from moderate to absent. The position of the first triad (as separated from the parietals) is quite variable within a range of one and a half to six dorsal scales with one specimen with one and a half scales (holotype), six specimens with two scales (17.6 %), nineteen with three scales (55.9 %), five with four scales (14.7 %), two with five scales (5.9 %), and one with six scales (2.9 %). This is another example of the extreme values as 91.2 % of the specimens had between one and a half to four dorsal scales separating the first triad from the parietals. The gular region has no tendency to melanism. Maximum total lengths of specimens of M. silviae includes 1,506 mm (MCP 15983 M), 1,333 mm (UPF 194 M), 1,310 mm (IB 6072 M), and 1,294 mm (IB 13640 M). Color in preservative —All scales of the red rings are faded giving a cream color that is also visible on the head (behind and around the parietals). The black color of head, snout and triad rings are black and somewhat faded as a brownish color in old specimens. The white color of triad rings and gular region are light cream. The general morphological characters of head and body color, triad arrangement, and scale counts are also diagnosable (by the PAA criterion of Davis & Nixon 1992) by the following combination: a) head color pattern —mostly black in M. silviae, including the snout and all the head scales. In M. altirostris the black color is almost restricted to the supraoculars and frontal with the snout with varying degrees of melanism with a tendency to complete black scales (also interpreted as black snout with varying degrees of white markings). In most specimens, the parietals are almost completely red with a posterior black margin. In M. baliocoryphus the black color is mostly in parietals, frontal, and supraoculars with a white snout lightly marked with black; sometimes a white cross band might be present between the parietals and frontal and supraoculars. In M. frontalis, M. pyrrhocryptus and M. tricolor the head and snout are black with thin white markings between scales; very often the white markings are more evident in the snout of M. frontalis; b) gular region pattern —white in M. silviae (with very few black markings); black in the anterior part in M. altirostris with remaining posterior part red, which might also be interpreted as a red (including both pairs of gulars and 3 rd to 7 th infralabials) and white (anterior border of the 1 st pair of gulars an 1 st to 3 rd infralabials) with intense melanism. In M. baliocoryphus the gular region is mostly red with anterior part white (first three infralabials and anterior pair of genials), and red with varying black markings in M. frontalis, M. pyrrhocryptus and M. tricolor; c) number of triads —ranges from 11 to 16 in M. silviae, 12 to 20 in M. altirostris, 10 to 16 in M. baliocoryphus, 10 to 19 in M. frontalis, 6 to 14 in M. pyrrhocryptus, and 9 to 12 in M. tricolor; this is typical of several meristic characters that show considerable overlap among species (Table 1). For this character the most divergent species are M. altirostris and M. pyrrhocryptus (on both numerical extremes), but there is an obvious gradient among species when using means and extreme values. However, when using means and standard errors it is possible to separate the species that overlap with M. silviae and/or M. baliocoryphus (Figure 3). In M. silviae (range = 11–16 triads), 97.0% of the specimens (n= 33) are within the range of 11–15 triads, with one specimen having 16 triads (3.0%). In M. altirostris (12–20 triads) 98.8 % of the specimens (n= 574) are within the range of 13–18 triads, with six specimens with 19 triads (1.0%), and one specimen with 20 triads (0.2 %). In M. baliocoryphus (10–16 triads) 94.3 % of the specimens (n= 100) are within the range of 11 –15 triads, two specimens have 10 triads (1.9 %), and four specimens with 16 triads (3.8 %). In M. frontalis (10–19 triads) 98.8 % of the specimens (n= 565) are within the range of 11–17 triads, three specimens have three triads (0.5 %), and three specimens with 18 triads (0.5 %), and one specimen with 19 triads (0.2 %). In M. pyrrhocryptus (6–14 triads) 96.6 % of the specimens (n= 225) are within the range of 7 and 11 triads, four specimens have 6 triads (1.7 %), one specimen with 12 triads (0.4 %), two specimens with 13 triads (0.9 %), and one specimen with 14 triads (0.4 %). In M. tricolor (9–12 triads) 95.0% of the specimens (n= 19) are within 9 and 11 triads, and one specimen had 12 triads (5.0%). All species show a pattern of one complete tail triad and usually 1 / 3 and rarely 2 / 3 of an incomplete triad. The same assumptions of extreme values and standard errors are applicable to ventral and subcaudal scales (see below); d) position of the first triad —in M. silviae the first body triad is separated from the parietals by two to six scales, in M. altirostris it ranges from one to three scales, in M. baliocoryphus it ranges from three to six scales, in M. frontalis it ranges from one to seven scales (fusion of the black color of head and first triad is often observable); in M. pyrrhocryptus it ranges from five to eight scales, and in M. tricolor it ranges from seven to eleven scales. This character is subject to some variation but is useful for distinguishing these last two species (as a group) from the first four (as a group); e) pattern of triads —middle black ring one-and-one-half to twice as long as the external ones in M silviae with red and white dorsal scales usually black-tipped (weakly tipped on red rings) and white rings shorter than the external black rings; subequal black rings in M. altirostris (middle one can be a little longer), with white rings as long as the external black rings (sometimes a little shorter, and very short in some specimens from Uruguay) with dorsal scales black-tipped (a little less in the red rings); middle black ring 2 to 2.5 times longer than the external ones in M. baliocoryphus with white rings (immaculate in anterior 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of body) as long as the external black rings (Table 2); subequal black and white rings in M. frontalis (sometimes the middle black ring may be slightly longer than the external ones) with varying degrees of black tipped scales; middle black ring 2 to 4 times longer and white rings shorter than the external black rings in M. pyrrhocryptus with all scales black tipped; and middle black ring 2 to 3 times longer than the external ones in M. tricolor with white rings (immaculate in anterior 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of body) of the same length of the external black rings. The description of a red or white ring being immaculate means that they are without the heavy black markings on the tip of the dorsal scales, they are extremely variable among specimens of a given species, and they are sometimes restricted to the posterior 1 / 3 or 2 / 3 of body; f) number of ventral scales —ventral scales range from 205 to 232 in males (x= 220.52) and from 211 to 234 (x= 221.43) in females of M. silviae; 173 to 242 in males (x= 208.80) and from 185 to 223 in females (x= 208.85) of M. altirostris; 172 to 232 in males (x= 221.06) and from 208 to 233 in females (x= 220.10) of M. baliocoryphus; 190 to 250 in males (x= 225.07) and from 197 to 252 in females (x= 225.93) of M. frontalis; 202 to 244 in males (x= 228.33) and 213 to 251 in females (x= 232.09) of M. pyrrhocryptus; and 214 to 234 in males (x=226.00) and 208 to 231 in females (x= 221.12) of M. tricolor (Table 1). This character shows considerable variation among the six species with an overlap owing to extreme values, which can be better demonstrated with standard errors as some species are separable (i.e., low numbers in M. altirostris and high in M. pyrrhocryptus; Figure 4); g) number of subcaudal scales —subcaudal scales range from 18 to 25 in males (x= 22.30) and from 15 to 24 (x= 18.71) in females of M. silviae; 12 to 28 in males (x= 19.83) and from 11 to 25 in females (x= 18.04) of M. altirostris; 14 to 31 in males (x= 22.82) and from 14 to 23 in females (x= 20.15) of M. baliocoryphus; 14 to 27 in males (x= 21.94) and 14 to 28 in females (x= 19.86) of M. frontalis; 16 to 30 in males (24.56) and 19 to 26 in females (x= 21.97) of M. pyrrhocryptus; and 24 to 29 in males (x= 26.42) and 20 to 26 in females (x= 22.50) of M. tricolor (Table 1). This character shows the widest range of overlap among the six species but with standard errors both sexes for most species are separable (Figure 5). Sexual dimorphism —to demonstrate sexual dimorphism the ratio of TL/SVL is usually adopted with varying degrees of success (Roze 1996; Silva & Sites 1999; Campbell & Lamar 2004). For this group of triadal coralsnakes there is also a considerable overlap of values. However, with standard errors both sexes are easily separated (Figure 6). It can be also highlighted with the data of ventral and subcaudal scales (see also Figures 4 and 5). Hemipenial morphology —as in most of triadal coralsnakes the hemipenis of M. silviae is bilobed with uniform size spines and a bifurcated sulcus spermaticus (CRUPF 1488 — holotype, right organ; Figure 7). In the sulcate and asulcate surfaces the spines are large and uniform from the tip to near the base. The lobes are moderately long and conical; viewing from the sulcate side, the tip of the right lobe is more acute than the left. Measuring from the division point of the sulcus spermaticus, the lobes are 10.0 mm long, representing 48.3 % of the total length of the organ. Between the lobes (in the intersection of them) there is a poorly ornamented region, with few and small spines, better visible from the sulcate side. The fully everted organ is 20.7 mm long, reaching the level of the 7 th subcaudal. The distance from the base of the organ to the division point of the sulcus is 13.6 mm; the division occurs at the level of the 4 th subcaudal. The base of the organ is 5.3 mm long and naked. Cranial osteology —the premaxilla presents the posterior extension of the palatine process in both sides, a character shared with M. altirostris, M. baliocoryphus, M. frontalis, M. pyrrhocryptus, and M. tricolor. The dorsomedial process of the prefrontals are narrow and do not contact at midline. Only M. frontalis and M. pyrrhocryptus seem to present this condition. The anteromedial process of the frontals is present in M. silviae and absent in all other species. The parietal is longer and wider (measured at its widest point) in M. silviae. There is a dorsal crest at the midline of the parietal bone that might present a flat triangular tabular process anteriorly. This process might be discrete and small (as in M. pyrrhocryptus), reach the anterior 1 / 3 (M. silviae), or be wider and reach 2 / 3 of the entire length of the parietal bone (M. altirostris, M. baliocoryphus, M. frontalis, and M. tricolor). In M. silviae the parietal bone also presents a similar process at the posterior end of the parietal which is also pointed (as in M. pyrrhocryptus and M. tricolor). The suture of prefrontals + frontals is anterior to the maxilla + pterygoid suture in M. silviae, M. baliocoryphus, M. frontalis, M. pyrrhocryptus, and M. tricolor, and posterior in M. altirostris. In M. silviae there are seven to eight palatine, four to seven pterygoid, and ten to twelve dentary teeth. There are no noticeable differences in shape and proportions of the remaining cranial bones (Figure 8). However, there is an ongoing osteological study within the triadal coralsnakes that might contribute to better understand the fixed and variable conditions of this set of characters. Statistical summary of morphological variation — Tables 1 and 2 summarize the descriptive statistics for all meristic and morphometric data collected from the specimens used in this description and the comparative species. For all characters analyzed, it is possible to observe a large overlap of variation among species, as revealed by maximum and minimum values, but in general, the use of standard errors show statistical differences among the species. Wilk’s statistics was equal to 0.045 (F = 111.98, P <0.0000), indicating significant differences among species in the multivariate space of the characters analyzed. The first two canonical axes explain 95 % of the variation among species, which 81 % of this total amount being concentrated in the first canonical axis. This first axis is basically composed by number of triads (TRI) and length of middle black ring (MBL). The second axis is defined by ventrals (VE) and length of anterior black ring (ANTBL) (Table 3). The distribution of individuals in the bivariate space formed by the first two canonical axis reveal that M. altirostris and M. pyrrhocryptus appear in opposite regions of the space along the first axis. In the other hand, M. baliocoryphus, M. silviae, M. tricolor, are in a clear intermediate position between the two extremes (M. altirostris and M. pyrrhocryptus), whereas M. frontalis overlaps with M. silviae and M. altirostris and M. baliocoryphus. There is also an overlap of M. tricolor and M. pyrrhocryptus (Figure 9). These results of CVA are qualitatively similar when the sexes are analyzed separately (data not shown). Despite the overlap of M. silviae and M. baliocoryphus and M. tricolor and M. pyrrhocryptus on both canonical axes there are several fixed characters that separate these species. For M. silviae and M. baliocoryphus it includes: (a) length of middle black ring; (b) length of white rings; (c) absence or presence of melanism on anterior 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of white rings; (d) color pattern of the gular region; (e) color pattern of the snout; (f) color pattern of the head; (g) cranial osteology features. For M. tricolor and M. pyrrhocryptus it includes: (a) length of middle black ring; (b) distance of first triad from parietal scales; (c) length of external black rings compared to the middle black ring; (d) cranial osteology features.The Hotelling’s T 2 -test indicated that all species differ significantly from each other considering the 12 variables used (p<0.0001) (Table 4). When using the Mann Whitney U-test for number of ventral, subcaudal scales and triads number separately many differences were significative even after the Bonferroni’s correction for multiple significance tests. However, for each of these three variables there were exceptions: (a) ventral scales—there were no significant differences between M. baliocoryphus and M. silviae (p= 0.306), M. baliocoryphus and M. tricolor (p= 0.142), M. frontalis and M. tricolor (p=0.600); and M. silviae and M. tricolor (p= 0.057); (b) subcaudal scales—there were no significant differences between M. baliocoryphus and M. frontalis (p= 0.070), M. baliocoryphus and M. silviae (p=0.400), M. frontalis and M. silviae (p= 0.840), and M. pyrrhocryptus and M. tricolor (p= 0.294); (c) number of triads—there were no significant differences between M. baliocoryphus and M. silviae (p=0.500), and M. baliocoryphus and M. frontalis (p=0.100) (Table 5). Etymology —the specific name is a noun in genitive case, in honor of Silvia Di Bernardo a promising herpetologist that died suddenly in July 2002. Geographic Distribution — Micrurus silviae is known from 17 localities in Western to Northern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. One specimen was photographed in one additional locality, the Municipality of São Francisco de Assis (not collected). It is possible that its range includes Misiones, part of NE-E Corrientes (Argentina) and SE-E of Departamento Itapua (Paraguay) (Figure 10). TABLE 4. T 2 -test between species of coralsnakes. Above diagonal are the significance value levels. Below diagonal are T 2 -test values. Legend: Species 1 – M. altirostris; Species 2 – M. baliocoryphus; Species 3 – M. frontalis; Species 4 – M. pyrrhocryptus; Species 5 – M. silviae; Species 6 – M. tricolor. Legend: Species 1 – M. altirostris; Species 2 – M. baliocoryphus; Species 3 – M. frontalis; Species 4 – M. pyrrhocryptus; Species 5 – M. silviae; Species 6 – M. tricolor. Micrurus silviae probably occurs in open habitats, as its distribution is associated to the grasslands areas of western and northern Rio Grande do Sul. The geographical range of known records agrees closely to the northern delineation of the Uruguayan Savannas ecoregion along its interfaces with the Paraná-Paraíba Interior Forests and Araucária Moist Forests (Olson et al., 2001; WWF, 2001). This region corresponds to the range of grasslands inter-laced with gallery woodlands (IBGE, 1986). Distribution occurs along different geomorphologic units, encompassing parts of the Peripheric Depression and the Brazilian Southern Plateau, extending from the western lower elevations in the Depression of the Ibicuí-Negro Rivers and the Uruguaiana Plateau to the northern Santo Angelo Plateau (IBGE, 1986). Altitudinal distribution accordingly ranges from about 100 to nearly 700 m (above sea level) in Mato Castelhano. Other sympatric species —Within the same geographical region there are records of one monadal spec
Encontro Anual das Equipes Colaboradoras do Programa Segundo Tempo (Brasília, 2014) - Equipe Colaboradora 25
No full textEvento organizado pela Equipe Gestora do Programa Segundo Tempo da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. O documento integra o acervo institucional do Programa Segundo Tempo/Ministério do Esporte.Integrantes da Equipe Colaboradora 25, que atende os núcleos do Programa Segundo Tempo localizados na Região Sudeste. Da esquerda para a direita: Em pé - Rogério Silva de Melo, André Luiz da Costa e Silva, Leonardo Bernardes de Melo, Nei Jorge dos Santos Júnior, Marcos Antônio da Silva, Antônio Jorge da Silva, Antônio Jorge Gonçalves Soares, Miguel Saraiva e Marcio Gabriel Romão. Agachados - Andréia Laurita Vieira, Hugo Paula Almeida da Rocha, Camilo Araújo Máximo de Souza e Monica Borges Monteiro.DoaçãoPrograma Segundo Temp
Semên bovino refrigerado utilizado na IATF contendo ou não glicerol no diluidor.
No full textO estudo avaliou o uso do sêmen refrigerado contendo ou não glicerol no diluidor TRIS - gema utilizado nos protocolos de IATF de bovinos de corte.Na publicação: Juliana Correa Borges
Rebellion and expression: Ernesto Sabatos itinerary
No full textA partir dos rastros de leitura do escritor Ernesto Sábato, este trabalho tem a intenção de produzir uma imagem mais nítida da experiência intelectual do autor argentino. Suas influências filosóficas (Sartre e Camus, mais especificamente) e literárias (Borges como figura paradigmática) formam o tecido mesclado de seus ensaios e ficções de modo que, à luz de suas apropriações, esperamos deixar algumas orientações para o leitor que queira achegar aos temas fulcrais de Sábato. Questões como existência e transcendência, alteridade e solidão tomam forma e corpo nas suas novelas e nos seus ensaios, e os enfrentamos em três passos: o embate estético com o conterrâneo Jorge Luis Borges, no primeiro capítulo; as aderências de Sábato à obra de Jean-Paul Sartre e Albert Camus e as distorções que faz delas, no segundo; e, finalmente, uma leitura cerrada da sua primeira novela O Túnel. O confronto entre Borges e Sábato visa a explorar os desafios destes escritores se colocarem na cena literária nacional e seu papel de relevância ou não no cânone, bem como o enfrentamento ético da produção artística, sua relação com a história sóciocultural nacional e até mesmo com os dilemas ideológicos que marcaram o breve século XX. Sartre e Camus surgem como parceiros de guerra; a filosofia existencial, que coloca o homem no centro de suas atividades e fundando sua convivência com outros tantos homens, é face de uma filosofia que, ao encontrar a particularidade da América Latina, reconhece novas tensões e Sábato atravessa de contradições as premissas dessa mesma filosofia. Ao fim, encontramo-nos num experimento de leitura: O Túnel, primeira publicação de ficção do argentino, aparece como objeto-modelo de um modo de fazer literatura que se estenderá por toda a vida literária e crítica do autor. Desta maneira, acreditamos ser possível expressar a rebelião estética (e política) do itinerário crítico de Sábato.After the legacy of Ernesto Sábatos work, thus set of essays aims to elaborate on the literacy and philosophical path followed by the Argentinean author throughout his career a a novel writer and literary criticism essayist. In orfer to fuldill that task, we follow the steps of thinkers such as French philosophers J-P Sartre and Albert Camus, and also the outstanding Argentinean Jorge Luis Borges. Out of Sábatos own interpretation of his influences we intend to discuss philosophical and literary matters taken by the author himself as crucial ones in his process of writing Existence and Transcendence, Otherness and Solitude are embedded in his novels and essays. Those concepts will guide us towards three steps: debates on aesthetics with his compatriot Jorge Luis Borges; assimilation and distortions of J-P Sartres and Camus philosophic thinking; and the close reading of his first novel The Tunnel. The examination of the controversy between Sábato and Borges is a means to explore their ascending the Argentinean literary scene and their relevance in literature canon, as well as the discussion about the ethical approach concerning art and the artistic object in general. In addition to that, we propose an examination of the relationship of Argentineans and their social, cultural and historical background, including their views on the 20th century ideological dilemmas, in wich Sartres and Camus concepts about existentialism put men as the core (and goal) of their actions and their relation to other men philosophic point of view which reachs Latin America, where it takes a new character. Finally, the close reading of The Tunnel presents a model of a new way of writing and, mainly, an original kind of literary form, one which from these on is going to accompany Sábato throughout his live and work. Our general idea is to disclose the aesthetic (and political) rebellion of Ernesto Sábatos journey on literary fiction and criticism
Mamão: o produtor pergunta, a Embrapa responde.
No full textVariedades e características da planta; Clima, solo, calagem e adubação; Propagação e produção de mudas; Plantio, tratos culturais e culturas intercalares; Irrigação e Fertirrigação; Doenças; Pragas; Colheita e pós-colheita; Formas de processamento; Comercialização, aspectos econômicos e custos de produção.2. ed. rev. e atual.Autores: Aldo Vilar Trindade; Antonio Roberto Rocha Oliveira; Antônio da Silva Souza; Antonio Souza do Nascimento; Arlene Maria Gomes Oliveira; Cecília Helena Silvino Prata Ritzinger; Cristiane de Jesus Barbosa; Dilson da Cunha Costa; Eliseth de Souza Viana; Eugênio Ferreira Coelho; Fernando César Akira Urbano Matsuura; Hermes Peixoto Santos Filho; João Roberto Pereira Oliveira; José da Silva Souza; José Eduardo Borges de Carvalho; José Geraldo Ferreira da Silva; Luiz Francisco da Silva Souza; Marcelo Bezerra Lima; Marcio Eduardo Canto Pereira; Marilene Francelli; Marília Iêda da Silveira Folegatti Matsuura; Nilton Fritzons Sanches; Paulo Ernesto Meissner Filho; Ronielli Cardoso reis; Valdique Martins Medina. Projeto Minibibliotecas
The duel scene in the tales of Jorge Luis Borges and Guimarães Rosa
No full textEste trabalho examina a cena do duelo num conjunto de contos de Jorge Luis Borges e Guimarães Rosa, cujos conflitos narrativos situam-se em zonas rurais e suburbanas de Argentina e Brasil. Os espaços do pampa e do sertão tornam-se cenários complexos em que se dão disputas de valores culturais através de lutas de facas e armas. Levando em conta a noção de duelo popular de Sandra Gayol (2008), esta dissertação tem como objetivo refletir sobre que tipos de valores estariam em conflito nos duelos representados nestes relatos, quais significações teriam segundo as posições, atitudes e projeções dos personagens com relação ao (r)estabelecimento da honra, a afirmação do homem pela valentia e a prática da justiça. Trazendo as noções de corpo, gesto e convenção da Fenomenologia da percepção, de Merleau-Ponty (2014), este estudo busca pensar o embate entre as determinações dos códigos sociais e as forças afetivas dos corpos nos espaços periféricos encenados nessas cenas de duelos. Configurados para dar centralidade à expectativa em torno desse momento decisivo na vida do personagem, os contos sinalizam, na circunstância do duelo, os modos peculiares com que esses escritores dialogam com uma tradição literária ligada ao paradigma civilização e barbárie, que permeou o pensamento sobre América Latina do século XIX e início do XX. Com respeito à fortuna crítica desses escritores, esta pesquisa se embasa, dentre outros textos, em Ricardo Piglia (1979, 2001), Beatriz Sarlo (1993, 2004), Davi Arrigucci Jr (1987, 1995, 2010), Elsa Repetto (1992), Wisnik (2008) e Ana P. Sá Pacheco (2008), trabalhos que, cada um à sua maneira, colaboram para colocar em pauta essas questões na abordagem dessa pesquisa.This work exams the scene of the duel in a set of tales by Jorge Luis Borges and Guimarães Rosa, whose narratives conflicts are located into rural and suburban areas of Argentina and Brazil. Spaces such as pampa and sertão become complex scenarios of cultural values disputes through guns and knives fights. Considering the Sandra Gayol\' concept of popular duel (2008), this dissertation aims to reflect about the kinds of values that would be in conflict on the duel represented on those tales, which meanings they would have according to the positions, attitudes and character\'s projections, regarding to their honors restoration, man\'s affirmation by courage and the practice of justice. Bringing of the Phenomenology of perception, from Merleau-Ponty (2014), body, gesture and conventions\' notions, this research seek to think about the clash between the social codes determinations and the affective forces from the bodies on peripheral spaces configured in these duel scenes. Composed in a way to give centrality to the expectation around this decisive moment on the characters\' life, the tales show, at those duels circumstances, the peculiar ways in which these writers dialogue with a literary tradition attached to the paradigm of the \"civilization and barbarism\". This paradigm permeated the thought about Latin America from XIX century and beginning of XX century. Regarding the critical literary of these renowned authors, this study, among other texts, is based by Ricardo Piglia (1979, 2001), Beatriz Sarlo (1993, 2004), Davi Arrigucci Jr (1987, 1995, 2010), Elsa Repetto (1992), Wisnik (2008) e Ana P. Sá Pacheco (2008). These researches, each one at its own way, bring arguments that help it to put in evidence those questions in this research approach
Um modelo heurístico para alocação de navios em berços
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de ProduçãoO presente trabalho caracteriza-se pela apresentação de um dos problemas operacionais detectados no sistema portuário, o Problema de Alocação de Berços, para o qual se propõe uma ferramenta heurística de resolução. A ferramenta proposta baseia-se nos conceitos dos Algoritmos Genéticos e visa possibilitar o aprendizado deste conteúdo além de encontrar uma solução para o problema de maneira simples e rápida. Elaborado de maneira genérica, com alguns pequenos ajustes de dados, o método pode ser aplicado na resolução do problema em qualquer porto, visto que os portos possuem um sistema semelhante de gestão. Por fim, analisa e avalia os resultados obtidos, verificando sua eficácia para o auxílio à melhoria e aperfeiçoamento do sistema
The Chiquitano of Mato Grosso: a study of the social classifications in an indigenous group from the Brazil-Bolivia border region
No full textEste trabalho apresenta uma reflexão baseada em pesquisa bibliográfica e etnográfica a respeito das formas de socialidade dos Chiquitano, grupo indígena da família lingüística Chiquitano que habita a região da fronteira mato-grossense com a Bolívia. Mesmo com uma expressiva população em território brasileiro, de cerca de 2.000 indivíduos, apenas recentemente esses índios foram reconhecidos pelo órgão indigenista oficial por ocasião de uma perícia realizada em suas terras. Com base em uma pesquisa bibliográfica apoiada no levantamento das fontes documentais de origens diversas sobre a longa história de contato, que remonta ao século XVI, é aqui efetuada uma análise que possibilita mapear certas características dos contatos dos Chiquitano com as populações vizinhas, ao mesmo tempo em que procura circunscrever um conjunto de denominações atribuídas a eles ao longo destes anos. A partir de uma pesquisa etnográfica de campo é efetuada uma descrição da constituição dos grupos locais denominados de Fazendinha, de Vila Nova e de Santa Luzia, em especial quanto às relações de parentesco, de casamento e de compadrio, com enfoque no modo de inserção de estrangeiros ao grupo. Do mesmo modo, o xamanismo e a escola são estudados com o objetivo de refletir sobre os espaços de abertura para o outro, integrando aspectos sociológicos e cosmológicos de um grupo ainda pouco conhecido pela Etnologia Brasileira.This study presents a reflection based on bibliographic and ethnographic research into the forms of sociality of the Chiquitano, an indigenous group of the Chiquitano linguistic family that inhabits the border region of the Brazilian state Mato Grosso with Bolivia. Despite having a substantial population in Brazilian territory, of around 2,000 individuals, only recently were these Indians recognised by the official agency for indigenous peoples following an investigation performed on their land. Based on bibliographic research of documental sources of various origins about the long history of contact with the group, dating back to the 16th century, an analysis is carried out to enable the mapping of certain characteristics of the contacts between the Chiquitano and the neighbouring populations. At the same time the study attempts to determine a set of denominations attributed to the group throughout these years. Based on ethnographic field research a description is made of the constitution of the local groups named Fazendinha, Vila Nova and Santa Luiza, especially as regards relations of kinship, marriage and companionship, focused on the form of inserting outsiders into the group. Similarly, the shamanism and the school are studied in order to draw conclusions about the spaces of access to the other, integrating sociological and cosmological aspects of a group which remains largely unknown by Brazilian Ethnology
Lipiduria correlates with proteinuria and serum albumin, but not with markers of kidney damage in patients with proteinuric glomerulopathies
No full textO termo lipidúria significa a presença de ésteres de colesterol na urina e é encontrada em pacientes com síndrome nefrótica, apesar de não ser essencial para este diagnóstico. Lipidúria é identificada pela presença de partículas lipídicas na urina e são identificadas pelo seu aspecto de cruz de Malta sob microscopia com luz polarizada. Entretanto, a lipidúria raramente é avaliada e tampouco tem sua importância estabelecida. Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a relevância da lipidúria em pacientes com síndrome nefrótica e sua possível participação na formação da fibrose intersticial. Métodos: A lipidúria foi avaliada em amostras de urina de pacientes adultos com proteína nefrótica e não nefrótica submetidos à biópsia renal. A medida da gordura urinária foi feita através da contagem de partículas lipídicas em câmara de Neubauer em microscópio sob luz polarizada, e também pela dosagem de gordura total urinária (GTU) calculada pelo índice concentração de GTU/concentração urinária de creatinina. Estas dosagens foram comparadas com proteinúria de 24 h, albumina sérica, filtração glomerular, fibrose intersticial (FI) e com a expressão de sinaptopodina glomerular e de cubulina tubular (imuno-histoquímica). Dados estão expressos como média e desvio padrão ou mediana e variação. A comparação numérica entre os grupos com proteinúria nefrótica e não nefrótica foi feita com o Mann-Whitney U-test. O teste de correlação de Spearman foi utilizado para a correlação entre a contagem de partículas lipídicas ou da GTU com as demais variáveis quantitativas. Foi considerado p< 0,05 como nível de significância estatística Resultados: A contagem de partículas lipídicas foi de 3500/mL (1763; 21550/mL) nos pacientes com síndrome nefrótica (n=13) e de 400/mL (250; 850/mL) naqueles com proteinúria não nefrótica (n=11; p<0.005). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre estes grupos para a GTU e tampouco houve correlação estatisticamente significante entre estas duas variáveis. A contagem de partículas lipídicas mostrou correlação estatisticamente significante com a proteinúria (r: 0,5202; p<0,01) e com a albumina sérica (r: - 0,4554; p<0,05), mas não com a filtração glomerular, FI e com a expressão de sinaptopodina e de cubulina. A dosagem de GTU não mostrou correlação significante com qualquer variável estudada. Conclusão: A lipidúria pode ser medida pela contagem das partículas lipídicas urinárias pela sua associação com a proteinúria e a albuminemia, mas não pela dosagem da gordura total urinária. Além disso, a ausência de correlação da contagem das partículas lipídicas urinárias com a filtração glomerular, a fibrose intersticial e expressa o tubular de cubulina não confirma a hipótese da sua participação na patogênese da doença renal progressiva nas glomerulopatias proteinúricas. Todavia, este resultado pode ser consequência da amostra insuficiente de pacientes, da heterogeneidade das glomerulopatias e também pela não avaliação dos diversos componentes dos ésteres de colesterol que compõem as partículas lipídicas.Lipiduria is present in the urine of patients with nephrotic syndrome. It can be recognized by its Maltese cross appearance of the lipid particles when viewed by a polarizing microscope. However, lipiduria is not searched on the clinical routine. This study aims to study the relevance of lipiduria in patients with nephrotic syndrome and its possible role in the pathogenesis of interstitial fibrosis. Methods: Lipiduria was evaluated in urine samples of adult patients with nephrotic and non-nephrotic proteinuria who underwent renal biopsy. The quantification of urinary fat was carried out by counting lipid particles in the Neubauer chamber with a polarizing microscope. The total urinary fat (TUF) measured the urinary fat concentration/urinary creatinine concentration index. These measurements were compared with 24 h proteinuria, serum albumin, glomerular filtration, interstitial fibrosis (IF), and the glomerular and tubular expression of synaptopodin and cubilin respectively. Data are presented as media and standard deviation or median and range. The comparison between the nephrotic and non-nephrotic proteinuria groups was made with the Mann-WhitneyU-test. A Spearman\'s rank correlation was used to estimate the correlation between the counting of urinary lipid particles and the other quantitative variables.pvalues < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: the counting of urinary lipid particles was 3,500/mL (1,763; 21,550/mL) in the nephrotic proteinuria group (n = 13), and 400/mL (250; 850/mL) in the patients with non-nephrotic proteinuria group (n=11; p<0.005). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for TUF. There was no correlation between urinary lipid particles and TUF. The counting of urinary lipid particles showed a significant statistical difference correlation with proteinuria (r: 0.5202;p<0.01) and with serum albumin (r: - 0.4554;p<0.05), but not with glomerular filtration, IF, and with the expression of glomerular synaptopodin and tubular cubilin. The TUF showed no significant correlation with any variable. Conclusion: Lipiduria can be evaluated by the counting of urinary lipid particles because of its association with proteinuria and serum albumin; however, the total urinary fat did not show this association. Furthermore, the no correlation of the urinary lipid particles with the glomerular filtration and markers of interstitial fibrosis did not confirm the hypothesis of the role the urinary lipid particles in the pathogenesis of the progressive renal disease in the proteinuric glomerulopathies. It must be emphasized that these results may be a consequence of the small sample of patients, the heterogeneous glomerulopathies
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