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histo-anatomical pattern, degradability and secondary compounds in maniçoba accesses
No full textAnatomical characteristics knowledge, ruminal degradability and forage plants
secondary metabolites help to clarify differences in digestibility, especially in species
from extreme weather environments, as is the case of Caatinga plants, which may
contain structures and different chemicals compounds which limit their digestibility,
thus restricting their nutritional value. This study objective was to characterize the
anatomical pattern, degradability and determine the secondary compounds in three
maniçoba access at different sheet maturation stages (young, mature and senescent).
The plant material was collected from three maniçoba access (Manihot spp.), Barra de
Santa Rosa city, Boa Vista city and Monteiro city,from the Federal University of
Paraiba - Campus II, Active Germplasm Bank (BAG).The data collect was conducted
from May 2014 to April 2015, which were selected from each access three plants, which
were harvested leaves and petioles for histo-anatomical characterization and
degradability by making permanent histological slides. After preparing the same, we
proceeded to the evaluation and tissue quantification. Their total area available by the
tissue and the epidermis ratio (%) (EPI), sclerenchyma (ESC), xylem more associated
fibers (XYL) phloem (FLO), mesophyll (MES) and, when present, chollenchyma. The
degradability was given by the difference between the fabric proportion before and after
48 hours ruminal incubation. Through phytochemical screening was identified
secondary metabolites present in maniçoba access. It was found that the three access
leaf blades had similar proportions to the anatomical features. On petioles occurred
proportion variations from access and maturation stages. The stage senescent showed
higher proportions for some of their tissues both in leaf blades and petioles. Accesses 02
e 04, because they have higher xylem ratios, decreasing their digestibility. Based on the
results, the physiological maturation progress of maniçoba access tissue in the leaves
and petioles, provides degradability reduction. Based on the results, the physiological
maturation progress of maniçoba access tissue in the leaves and petioles, provides
degradability reduction. The 38 th access had a higher digestibility due to a higher
mesophyll proportion. The secondary metabolites presence and concentration is
variable between accessions and maturation stages.NenhumaO conhecimento das características anatômicas, degradabilidade ruminal e
metabólitos secundários das plantas forrageiras ajudam a esclarecer diferenças
observadas na digestibilidade, principalmente em espécies originárias de ambientes de
condições climáticas extremas, como é o caso das plantas da Caatinga, as quais podem
conter estruturas e diferentes compostos químicos que limitam a sua digestibilidade,
comprometendo dessa maneira o seu valor nutritivo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho
caracterizar o padrão anatômico, degradabilidade e determinar os compostos
secundários em três acessos de maniçoba nos diferentes estádios de maturação da folha
(jovem, madura e senescente). O material vegetal foi colhido, de três acessos de
maniçoba (Manihot spp.), das cidades de Barra de Santa Rosa, Boa Vista e Monteiro,
pertencentes ao Banco Ativo de Germoplasma (BAG) da Universidade Federal da
Paraíba - Campus II. A coleta foi realizada de maio de 2014 a abril de 2015, onde foram
selecionadas três plantas de cada acesso, das quais colheu-se folhas e pecíolos para
caracterização histo-anatômica e degradabilidade ruminal através da confecção de
lâminas histológicas permanentes. Após preparo das mesmas, procedeu-se a avaliação e
quantificação dos tecido. Foram medidas a área total ocupada pelos tecidos e a
proporção (%) da epiderme (EPI), esclerênquima (ESC), xilema mais fibras associadas
(XIL) floema (FLO), mesofilo (MES) e, quando presente, colênquima. A
degradabilidade foi dada pela diferença entre a proporção de tecido antes e após
incubação ruminal por 48 horas. Através do screening fitoquímico identificou-se os
metabólitos secundários presentes nos acessos de maniçoba. Identificou-se que as
lâminas foliares dos três acessos apresentaram proporções semelhantes para as
características anatômicas. Nos pecíolos ocorreram variações das proporções dos
acessos e estádios de maturação. O estádio senescente apresentou maiores proporções
para alguns de seus tecidos tanto nas lâminas foliares como nos pecíolos. Os acessos 02
e 04 por apresentarem maiores proporções de xilema, diminuiu sua digestibilidade. Com
base nos resultados, o avanço da maturação fisiológica dos tecidos nas folhas e pecíolos
de acessos de maniçoba, proporciona redução na degradabilidade. O acesso 38
apresenta maior digestibilidade por apresentar maior proporção de mesófilo. A presença
e concentração dos metabolitos secundários é variável entre os acessos e estádios de
maturação
Padrão histo-anatômico, degradabilidade e compostos secundários em acessos de maniçoba
Get PDFAnatomical characteristics knowledge, ruminal degradability and forage plants secondary metabolites help to clarify differences in digestibility, especially in species from extreme weather environments, as is the case of Caatinga plants, which may contain structures and different chemicals compounds which limit their digestibility, thus restricting their nutritional value. This study objective was to characterize the anatomical pattern, degradability and determine the secondary compounds in three maniçoba access at different sheet maturation stages (young, mature and senescent). The plant material was collected from three maniçoba access (Manihot spp.), Barra de Santa Rosa city, Boa Vista city and Monteiro city,from the Federal University of Paraiba - Campus II, Active Germplasm Bank (BAG).The data collect was conducted from May 2014 to April 2015, which were selected from each access three plants, which were harvested leaves and petioles for histo-anatomical characterization and degradability by making permanent histological slides. After preparing the same, we proceeded to the evaluation and tissue quantification. Their total area available by the tissue and the epidermis ratio (%) (EPI), sclerenchyma (ESC), xylem more associated fibers (XYL) phloem (FLO), mesophyll (MES) and, when present, chollenchyma. The degradability was given by the difference between the fabric proportion before and after 48 hours ruminal incubation. Through phytochemical screening was identified secondary metabolites present in maniçoba access. It was found that the three access leaf blades had similar proportions to the anatomical features. On petioles occurred proportion variations from access and maturation stages. The stage senescent showed higher proportions for some of their tissues both in leaf blades and petioles. Accesses 02 e 04, because they have higher xylem ratios, decreasing their digestibility. Based on the results, the physiological maturation progress of maniçoba access tissue in the leaves and petioles, provides degradability reduction. Based on the results, the physiological maturation progress of maniçoba access tissue in the leaves and petioles, provides degradability reduction. The 38 th access had a higher digestibility due to a higher mesophyll proportion. The secondary metabolites presence and concentration is variable between accessions and maturation stages.O conhecimento das características anatômicas, degradabilidade ruminal e metabólitos secundários das plantas forrageiras ajudam a esclarecer diferenças observadas na digestibilidade, principalmente em espécies originárias de ambientes de condições climáticas extremas, como é o caso das plantas da Caatinga, as quais podem conter estruturas e diferentes compostos químicos que limitam a sua digestibilidade, comprometendo dessa maneira o seu valor nutritivo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho caracterizar o padrão anatômico, degradabilidade e determinar os compostos secundários em três acessos de maniçoba nos diferentes estádios de maturação da folha (jovem, madura e senescente). O material vegetal foi colhido, de três acessos de maniçoba (Manihot spp.), das cidades de Barra de Santa Rosa, Boa Vista e Monteiro, pertencentes ao Banco Ativo de Germoplasma (BAG) da Universidade Federal da Paraíba - Campus II. A coleta foi realizada de maio de 2014 a abril de 2015, onde foram selecionadas três plantas de cada acesso, das quais colheu-se folhas e pecíolos para caracterização histo-anatômica e degradabilidade ruminal através da confecção de lâminas histológicas permanentes. Após preparo das mesmas, procedeu-se a avaliação e quantificação dos tecido. Foram medidas a área total ocupada pelos tecidos e a proporção (%) da epiderme (EPI), esclerênquima (ESC), xilema mais fibras associadas (XIL) floema (FLO), mesofilo (MES) e, quando presente, colênquima. A degradabilidade foi dada pela diferença entre a proporção de tecido antes e após incubação ruminal por 48 horas. Através do screening fitoquímico identificou-se os metabólitos secundários presentes nos acessos de maniçoba. Identificou-se que as lâminas foliares dos três acessos apresentaram proporções semelhantes para as características anatômicas. Nos pecíolos ocorreram variações das proporções dos acessos e estádios de maturação. O estádio senescente apresentou maiores proporções para alguns de seus tecidos tanto nas lâminas foliares como nos pecíolos. Os acessos 02 e 04 por apresentarem maiores proporções de xilema, diminuiu sua digestibilidade. Com base nos resultados, o avanço da maturação fisiológica dos tecidos nas folhas e pecíolos de acessos de maniçoba, proporciona redução na degradabilidade. O acesso 38 apresenta maior digestibilidade por apresentar maior proporção de mesófilo. A presença e concentração dos metabolitos secundários é variável entre os acessos e estádios de maturação
Utilização de palma forrageira [Nopalea cochenillifera (Salm Dyck)] como fonte exclusiva de forragem na dieta de ovinos
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrient intake, apparent nutrient digestibility,
productive performance, ruminal parameters, nitrogen balance, carcass characteristics and
economic analysis of feedlot lambs. Twenty-eight uncastrated lambs without defined racial
pattern (SRD) with average initial weight of approximately 22.6 kg ± 2.37 were used. The
experiment lasted 62 days, 10 days being used as a period of adaptation to diets
and installations, followed by 52 days of evaluation. After this period the animals were
slaughtered and subsequently collected biological samples of intestine (duodenum), rumen (left
dorsal sac base) for morphometric analysis, then weighing was performed to determine the
quantitative characteristics of carcasses. The animals were submitted to a randomized design
with four treatments and seven replications. The treatments consisted of a standard diet
containing buffel grass hay, concentrate supplement and forage palm (control) and three diets
containing as a source of forage palm and different concentrations of wheat bran (30%, 37%
and 44% of bran, wheat based on dry matter). The height and width of the rumen papillae were
larger and the muscle layer was smaller in lambs fed diets containing 37% and 44% FT
compared to those fed control diets. In the intestine, the crypt depth was smaller in the animals
that consumed the diets with TF. All TF levels resulted in lower nitrogen intake and nitrogen
balance. Microbial protein concentration, microbial protein efficiency, microbial nitrogen, urea
and glucose were not significantly affected.The inclusion of wheat bran affected the
consumption of dry matter (CMS), crude protein (CPB), organic matter (CMO), neutral
detergent fiber (CFDN) and non-fibrous carbohydrate (CNF), except for ethereal extract (EE).
The digestibility were influenced by the inclusion of the wheat bran, only the digestibility of
the EE and CNF, were not compromised. The animals consuming spineless cactus as an
exclusive source of roughage had less dry matter intake, GMD and total weight gain than the
animals consuming the control diet (P <0.05). However, all diets provided GMD greater than
200g. The final weights of the animals consuming 30 and 44% of wheat bran were similar to
the animals consuming the control diet. The inclusion of wheat bran reduced feed costs and
increased the profits. From carcass characteristics, slaughter live weight, hot and cold carcass
yield showed control contrast (0%) versus wheat bran levels up to 37% (P <0.05). The rib and
loin commercial cuts were the only ones to present significant difference (P <0.05) resulting in
contrast, control treatment (0%) versus 44% of FT, higher weights for the control diet animals,
regarding the yields of these. Only the palette and rib cuts were influenced, since the weights
of the non-carcass constituents only the full digestive tract was influenced by the different diets.
Feeding lambs with diets containing wheat bran levels, palm being the only bulky source, does
not negatively affect its ruminal, blood, urinary fermentation characteristics; ammoniacal
nitrogen concentration; pH; microbial protein and ruminal and intestinal histomorphometric
characteristics. However, productive performance, carcass characteristics and nitrogen balance
are impaired. The use of forage palm diets as an exclusive source of roughage and wheat bran
as a fiber source can be used up to 44% FT level in confined sheep feed providing positive
economic results.Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo de nutrientes, digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes,
desempenho produtivo, parâmetros ruminais, balanço de nitrogênio, características de carcaça
e análise econômica de cordeiros em confinamento. Foram utilizados 28 cordeiros não
castrados, sem padrão racial definido (SRD) com peso inicial médio de aproximadamente 22,6
kg ± 2,37. O experimento durou 62 dias, sendo 10 dias utilizados como período de adaptação
às dietas e instalações, seguidos de 52 dias de avaliação. Após esse período os animais foram
abatidos e posteriormente coletados amostras biológicas de intestino (duodeno), rúmen (base
do saco dorsal esquerdo) para análises morfométricas, em seguida foi realizada as pesagens
para determinação das características quantitativas de carcaças. Os animais foram submetidos
em um delineamento ao acaso com quatro tratamentos e sete repetições. Os tratamentos
consistiram em uma dieta padrão contendo feno de capim buffel, suplemento concentrado e
palma forrageira (controle) e três dietas contendo como fonte de forragem a palma e diferentes
concentrações de farelo de trigo (30%, 37% e 44% de farelo de trigo com base na matéria seca).
A altura e a largura das papilas do rúmen foram maiores e a camada muscular foi menor em
cordeiros alimentados com dietas contendo 37% e 44% FT em comparação com aqueles
alimentadas com dieta controle. No intestino, a profundidade das criptas foram menores nos
animais que consumiram as dietas com FT. Todos os níveis de FT resultaram em menor
ingestão e retenção de nitrogênio. A concentração de proteína microbiana, a eficiência da
proteína microbiana, nitrogênio microbiano, uréia e glicose não foram afetadas
significativamente. A inclusão do farelo de trigo afetou o consumo de matéria seca (CMS),
proteína bruta (CPB), matéria orgânica (CMO), fibra em detergente neutro (CFDN) e
carboidratos não fibroso (CNF), com exceção apenas para o consumo do extrato etéreo (EE).
A digestibilidade foi influenciada pela inclusão do farelo de trigo, apenas a digestibilidade do
EE e CNF, não foram comprometidos. Os animais consumindo palma forrageira como fonte
exclusiva de volumoso tiveram menor consumo de matéria seca, ganho médio diário (GMD) e
ganho de peso total que os animais consumindo a dieta controle (P<0,05). Entretanto, todas as
dietas proporcionaram GMD superiores a 200g. Os pesos finais dos animais consumindo 30 e
44% de farelo de trigo foram semelhantes aos animais consumindo a dieta controle. A inclusão
do farelo de trigo proporcionou redução nos custos com alimentação e aumentou os lucros. Das
características de carcaça o peso vivo ao abate, rendimento de carcaça quente e fria apresentou
contraste entre o controle (0%) e os níveis de farelo de trigo até 37% (P<0,05). Os cortes
comercias costilhar e lombo foram os únicos a apresentar diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre
o tratamento controle (0%) versus 44% de FT. A alimentação de cordeiros com dietas contendo
níveis de farelo de trigo, sendo a palma a única fonte volumosa, não afeta negativamente suas
características de fermentação ruminal, sanguínea, urinária; concentração de nitrogênio
amoniacal; pH; proteína microbiana e as características histomorfométricas ruminais e
intestinais. No entanto, o desempenho produtivo, as características de carcaças e o balanço de
nitrogênio são prejudicados. A utilização de dietas com palma forrageira como fonte exclusiva
de volumoso e farelo de trigo como fonte de fibra podem ser utilizadas até o nível de 44% de
FT na alimentação de ovinos confinados proporcionando resultados econômicos positivos
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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