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MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SEPAKBOLA MELALUI PERMAINAN GAWANG TONG PADA SISWA KELAS V SDN 81/II MUARA BUNGO
Get PDFThe background of the problem of this research is the lack of proper learning and inadequate facilities in the process of football learning and the lack of mastery of technical skills, the basis of soccer games, so that student learning outcomes are less optimal. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to increase the activity and results of learning football through tong goal play. This study uses a class action research method. The subjects in this study were fifth grade students of SDN 81 / II Muara Bungo. The number of subjects in this study were 36 students. The meeting in this study was designed in two cycles, namely cycle I and cycle II. The instruments used in retrieving data were obtained from the results of the performance tests displayed by students during the test. The results of this study indicate that through the goalpost game can improve students' abilities in soccer learning. In the first cycle, it was known that the percentage of learning completeness was 68% with a total of 25 students, experiencing an increase in the second cycle of 77%, with the total completeness of 29 students. The conclusion of this study is that the approach of playing football with the goalpost can improve football's ability in fifth grade students of SDN 81 / II Muara Bungo. The suggestion of this study is aimed at the Penjasorkes teachers who have difficulty in improving the learning outcomes of football, this CAR can be used as input to overcome the problem.Latar belakang masalah penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran yang kurang tepat serta sarana yang kurang memadai dalam proses pembelajaran sepakbola dan kurangnya penguasaan keterampilan tehnik, dasar permainan sepakbola, sehingga hasil belajar siswa kurang optimal. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini yaitu meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar sepakbola melalui permainan gawang tong. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas. Adapun subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SDN 81/II Muara Bungo. Jumlah subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 36 siswa. Pertemuan dalam penelitian ini dirancang dua siklus, yaitu siklus I dan siklus II. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengambilan data diperoleh dari hasil tes unjuk kerja yang ditampilkan siswa saat pelaksanaan tes. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa melalui permainan gawang tong dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam pembelajaran sepakbola. Pada siklus I diketahui presentase ketuntasan belajar sebesar 68 % dengan jumlah 25 siswa, mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II sebesar 77 %, dengan jumlah ketuntasan 29 siswa. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa pendekatan permainan sepakbola dengan gawang tong dapat meningkatkan kemampuan sepakbola pada siswa kelas V SDN 81/II Muara Bungo. Saran penelitian ini ditujukan kepada para guru Penjasorkes yang mengalami kesulitan dalam peningkatan hasil belajar sepakbola, PTK ini dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan masukan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut
Silis (Silis) hegnai FANTI & M. G. PANKOWSKI 2021, sp. nov.
No full textSilis (Silis) hegnai FANTI & M. G. PANKOWSKI sp. nov. (Figs. 1–2) Description. Adult. Male winged, with large and elongated lateral lobes of the pronotum. Head and antennae blackish, pronotum and scutellum testaceous (probably yellow or red in life), elytra dark brown, legs brown. Body length: about 9.3 mm; elytra: 6.0 mm. Head large, transverse, as wide as pronotum, slightly restricted and rounded behind the eyes, finely punctate and pubescent, partially covered by pronotum. Eyes sub-elliptical and strongly protruded, convex, inserted in upper and lateral part of head. Mandibles falciform. Maxillary palpi 4-segmented, palpomeres unequal in length with last palpomere strongly elongate and slightly securiform. Labial palps 3-segmented with last palpomere securiform. Antennae inserted in frons and away from eyes, reaching back to half of elytra, 11-segmented, filiform, all antennomeres wrinkled and covered with sparce setae; scape elongate, club-shaped; antennomere II (pedicel) short, approximately 1.5 times shorter than scape, thinner than scape and slightly thinner than the others; antennomere III slightly longer than second; antennomeres IV-VIII robust, slightly longer than antennomere III; antennomeres IX-X shorter than previous ones; antennomere XI filiform, oblong, with rounded apex. Pronotum almost as long as wide, surface undulating and thickened in the central disc, with semi-erect long setae and with small rugosity; margins and sides flat, anterior margin strongly rounded, posterior margin slightly rounded especially near the corners, sides with a kind of two lobes with a large groove in the middle of these. Scutellum triangular-shaped with pointed apex. Elytra wider than pronotum, elongate and reaching the last abdominal segments, parallel-sided, with slightly wrinkled microsculpture and some semi-erect setae, apex strongly rounded. Posterior wings almost completely covered by elytra. Metasternum sub-quadrate with undulating posterior margin; abdominal segments robust, transverse and pubescent; last tergite broad and rounded; last ventrite elongate, triangular-shaped and deeply divided forming two halves, with apex rounded. Legs slender and pubescent; coxae short and robust; trochanters robust with rounded apex; femora enlarged and almost straight; tibiae cylindrical, pro- and mesotibiae slightly shorter than pro- and mesofemora, metatibiae as long as metafemora, with an apical spur. Tarsal formula 5-5-5; first tarsomere very elongate; second tarsomere shorter than first; third tarsomere shorter and sturdier than tarsomere II; fourth tarsomere deeply bilobed at sides; fifth tarsomere elongate, slender and curved; proclaws with a small obtuse basal tooth, meso- and metaclaws simple without basal tooth. Female unknown. Etymology. Species named after Dr. Thomas A. Hegna for his many contributions to paleontology and his selfless dedication to helping students succeed. Holotype. Male, adult specimen in a Dominican amber piece: Catalog number MCZ: Ent:PALE-43616, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ) at Harvard University. Type locality. The Cordillera Septentrional mountain range in the Dominican Republic, from the “Los Brachos” mine in the mining area known as “La Cumbre.” Type horizon. Late Early/Middle Miocene; 15–20 million years ago (mya), probably close to 16 mya. La Toca Formation. Syninclusions. Detritus and plant remains, a few air bubbles, an unidentified insect and an insect leg. Systematic placement. The last maxillary palpomere securiform, the pronotum with lateral lobes/ apophyses, the abdomen with only eight visible urites, the elongated elytra, and meso- and metatarsal claws simple and without basal tooth, place this new species in the subfamily Silinae and the genus Silis (Brancucci 1980; Ramsdale 2002; Constantin 2009, 2017). Its large size and the lateral margin of its pronotum without a minute glandular tuberosity also place Silis hegnai sp. nov. in the nominotypical subgenus Silis (Constantin 2009). Differential diagnosis. Silis flavofemorata Wittmer, 1991 from the Dominican Republic is morphologically similar—albeit only vaguely—to Silis hegnai sp. nov. The new species shows a kind of broad concavity between the two lateral lobes that is not present in Silis flavofemorata (Wittmer 1991a). Furthermore, S. flavofemorata is smaller in size: 6–7 mm (Wittmer 1991a). The only other Silis found in Miocene deposits is Silis chiapasensis Wittmer, 1963 from Mexican (Chiapas) amber (Wittmer 1963). S. chiapasensis differs from Silis hegnai sp. nov. by the former species’ more transverse pronotum and the presence of a spine on each side, as well as for its considerably smaller body size than Silis hegnai sp. nov. Remarks. The amber piece is extremely transparent, measures 20.7 x 15.6 x 6.2 mm and weighs 1.08 grams. The inclusion is complete and perfectly visible.Published as part of Fanti, Fabrizio & Pankowski, Maximilian G., 2021, Two new species of soldier beetles (Coleoptera, Cantharidae), the first from the tribe Silini in Dominican amber, pp. 163-170 in Zootaxa 4996 (1) on pages 164-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/506964
Silis (Silis) boninoi FANTI & M. G. PANKOWSKI 2022, sp. nov.
No full textSilis (Silis) boninoi FANTI & M. G. PANKOWSKI sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Description. Adult, winged, male. Body length: 2.7 mm; elytra: approximately 2.4 mm long, and 1.0 mm wide at apex. Entirely blackish-dark brown. Head large, slightly narrower than pronotum, smooth, equipped with several long setae, largely covered by pronotum. Eyes rounded and protruded, wide, inserted in upper and lateral part of the head. Maxillary palpi 4- segmented, unequal in length with last palpomere very elongated and securiform. Labial palps 3-segmented with last palpomere securiform. Antennal insertions and eyes not juxtaposed, antennae surpassing two-thirds of the elytra, 11-segmented, filiform, each antennomere covered with several setae; scape elongated, slightly club-shaped; antennomere II (pedicel) short, about 2.1 times shorter than scape; antennomeres III–V subequal in length, longer than antennomere II, rather robust; antennomeres VI–IX subequal in length, slightly longer than antennomeres III–V; antennomere X very slightly shorter and more slender than previous ones; antennomere XI filiform, oblong with extremely thin and pointed apex. Pronotum strongly transverse, surface undulating with concavities (pores) and equipped with sparse long setae, apparently without punctuation; anterior margin curved and protruding in the middle; sides strongly sinuous, with two very short processes on each side: Posterior processes are thicker and wider than anterior ones and rounded apically; anterior processes are shorter than posterior ones and rounded apically; posterior margin irregular and sinuous with two expansions in the middle. Scutellum triangular with rounded apex. Elytra wider than pronotum, elongated and surpassing last abdominal segments, enlarged at humeri and apex, restricted in middle, apex strongly rounded, surface with very superficial punctation and several very long setae. Posterior wings transparent, completely covered by elytra but just barely shorter than them. Metasternum very elongated with a strongly rounded posterior margin, abdominal segments transverse and pubescent. Legs relatively short, robust and strongly pubescent; coxae massive; trochanters elongated and triangular-shaped with rounded apex; femora enlarged and slightly curved; tibiae cylindrical, with one apical and robust spur, protibiae as long as profemora, mesotibiae slightly shorter than mesofemora, metatibiae just slightly shorter than metafemora. Tarsal formula 5-5-5; first tarsomere elongated; second tarsomere about 1.2 times shorter than first; third tarsomere triangular and shorter than tarsomere II; fourth tarsomere deeply bilobed at sides; fifth tarsomere very elongated, slender, flat and curved; claws simple without basal tooth. Note. Female unknown. The specimen is a male, defined on the basis of long antennae and lateral sides of pronotum toothed. Sexual dimorphism is supposed because females of the genus Silis are characterized by a pronotum with sides without appendages or with very small teeth, and have shorter antennae and a wider abdomen than males. Etymology. Named in honor of Enrico Bonino for donating the described specimen, photographing it and kindly giving us access to it. Holotype. Male, in Baltic amber, deposited at the Back to the Past Museum, Cancún, Mexico with accession no. BPM-1111. Type locality. Yantarny mine, Sambian Peninsula, Kaliningrad Region, Russia. Type horizon. Middle Eocene: Bartonian-Priabonian (45.0–38.0 Mya). Syninclusions. A few botanical fragments (trichomes). Systematic placement. The specimen is clearly a new species belonging to the subfamily Silinae and to the genus Silis (Brancucci 1980; Kazantsev 1997) based on its maxillary palpi sub-equal in length with their last palpomere securiform, elytra elongated, tarsomeres IV wider than other tarsomeres, pores on the anterior part of the pronotum, the internal claw simple, tibial spurs conspicuous and the lateral section of its pronotum having two lobes on each side. Genera that appear most similar to Silis are distinguished by a few different characters. The genus Podosilis has a complex pronotal armature at the sides and a cleft outer claw in males (Kazantsev 1997, 2019, 2020). Autosilis features the anterior half of its mesonotum smooth without clear pores, and the anal ring in the male has a tergite and sternite that are roughly equally wide (Kazantsev 1997). Differential diagnosis. Silis boninoi sp. nov. differs from Silis lombardii Parisi & Fanti, 2019 (from Baltic amber) based on the new species’ pronotum that is much more transverse and with shorter pronotal lobes on its sides, and by the new species’ significantly smaller size: 2.7 mm vs. 5.2 mm for S. lombardii (Parisi & Fanti 2019). In addition, Silis chiapasensis Wittmer, 1963 (found in Mexican Chiapas amber) differs based on its pronotum that is deeply incised at the sides and its lobes that are more curved and longer than on the new species (Wittmer 1963). Finally, Silis curleri Fanti & M. G. Pankowski 2021 and Silis hegnai Fanti & M. G. Pankowski 2021 (both from Dominican amber) have a very different pronotal shape, with lobes that are longer and more curved, and a less transverse pronotum (Fanti & Pankowski 2021). The living and widely distributed species Silis ruficollis (Fabricius, 1775) has a pronotum with a lateral margin that is less toothed and indented compared to the new fossil species described here. Remarks. The yellow amber piece has an elongated drop shape and measures approximately 22x 11 mm. The inclusion is complete and well visible. Once trapped, the specimen struggled to get out of the sticky resin and thus created characteristic ripples (“fringes”) in the amber. A photo of this new species is included in Enrico Bonino’s forthcoming book on amber (Bonino, 2022), expected to be published in 2022.Published as part of Fanti, Fabrizio & Pankowski, Maximilian G., 2022, A new fossil Silis Charpentier, 1825 from Baltic amber (Cantharidae, Silinae, Silini), pp. 87-91 in Zootaxa 5195 (1) on pages 88-90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/718066
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
FIGURE 1 in A new fossil Silis Charpentier, 1825 from Baltic amber (Cantharidae, Silinae, Silini)
No full textFIGURE 1. Silis (Silis) boninoi sp. nov. in Baltic amber. A: Holotype, dorsal view. B: Holotype, ventral view. C: Holotype, detail of prolegs. D: Holotype, detail of pronotum.Published as part of Fanti, Fabrizio & Pankowski, Maximilian G., 2022, A new fossil Silis Charpentier, 1825 from Baltic amber (Cantharidae, Silinae, Silini), pp. 87-91 in Zootaxa 5195 (1) on page 89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/718066
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Silis (Silis) curleri FANTI & M. G. PANKOWSKI 2021, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Silis</i> (<i>Silis</i>) <i>curleri</i> FANTI & M. G. PANKOWSKI sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 3–4)</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Adult. Male winged, with elongated lateral lobes and spines of pronotum. Head, elytra and antennae brown-dark brown; pronotum and legs brown. Body length: about 6.4 mm; elytra: 5.0 mm.</p> <p>Head large, transverse, narrower than pronotum, narrow and rounded behind the eyes, almost smooth and finely pubescent, partially covered by pronotum. Eyes roundish and strongly protruded, convex, inserted in the upper and lateral part of the head occupying the major part of the sides. Mandibles falciform, slender. Maxillary palpi 4-segmented, palpomeres unequal in length with the last palpomere strongly securiform. Labial palps 3-segmented. Antennae inserted in the frons and away from the eyes, long, almost reaching the elytral apex, 11-segmented, filiform, all antennomeres wrinkled and covered with sparce setae; scape elongate, club-shaped; antennomere II (pedicel) short, approximately 1.2 times shorter than scape, robust; antennomere III very slightly shorter than second; antennomeres IV-IX filiform, longer than antennomere III and approximately as long as scape; antennomere XI filiform, oblong, with rounded apex. Pronotum transverse, surface almost flat, with long, erect setae and with small rugosity; anterior margin strongly rounded, posterior margin almost straight, sides with two lobes, anterior lobe elongate and arcuate and thinner apically with the tip rounded, posterior lobe very broad, spine inserted under the posterior lobe and curved and very long and thin apically, groove between the two lobes narrow and rounded. Scutellum triangular-shaped with truncated or slightly rounded apex. Elytra almost as wide as pronotum, elongate, leaving the last abdominal segment uncovered, parallel-sided, with slightly wrinkled microsculpture and semi-erect setae, apex strongly rounded. Posterior wings almost completely covered by elytra. Metasternum sub-quadrate with posterior margin almost straight; abdominal segments robust, transverse and pubescent; last tergite broad with a central groove; last ventrite elongate, triangular-shaped and deeply divided forming two halves, with apex rounded. Legs long, slender and pubescent; coxae short and robust; trochanters elongate with rounded apex; femora enlarged and almost straight; tibiae cylindrical, protibiae shorter than profemora, mesotibiae as long as mesofemora, metatibiae slightly longer than metafemora. Tarsal formula 5-5-5; first tarsomere robust, elongate; second tarsomere shorter than first; third tarsomere triangular-shaped; fourth tarsomere deeply bilobed at the sides; fifth tarsomere elongate, slender and curved; claws simple without basal tooth. Female unknown.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Species named after Dr. Gregory R. Curler for his numerous contributions to entomology and his great generosity in sharing his knowledge with students.</p> <p> <b>Holotype.</b> Male, adult specimen in a Dominican amber piece: Catalog number MCZ: Ent:PALE-43617, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ) at Harvard University.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> The Cordillera Septentrional mountain range in the Dominican Republic, from the “Montearachi” mine in the “Los Cacaos” mining area.</p> <p> <b>Type horizon.</b> Late Early/Middle Miocene; 15–20 million years ago (mya), probably close to 16 mya. La Toca Formation.</p> <p> <b>Syninclusions.</b> Detritus and plant remains, air bubbles, a spider, some unidentified dipterans and a coleopteran.</p> <p> <b>Systematic placement.</b> The securiform last maxillary palpomere, the pronotum with lateral lobes/apophyses, the abdomen with only eight visible urites, the elongated elytra, and meso- and metatarsal claws simple and without basal tooth place this new species in the subfamily Silinae and the genus <i>Silis</i> (Brancucci 1980; Ramsdale 2002; Constantin 2009, 2017). The lateral margin of the pronotum without minute glandular tuberosity also places <i>Silis curleri</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> in the nominotypical subgenus <i>Silis</i> (Constantin 2009).</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> A living species present in Haiti, <i>Silis debililimbata</i> Wittmer, 1991, appears extremely similar to <i>Silis curleri</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, both for its similar body size and the shape of its pronotum (Wittmer 1991a). <i>Silis curleri</i> <b>sp. nov</b>., however, has a slightly longer and thinner anterior lobe, and a slightly shorter, stockier and more curved posterior spine, as well as a broader concavity at the posterior margin near the spine. The only <i>Silis</i> found so far in Miocene deposits is <i>Silis chiapasensis</i> Wittmer, 1963 from Mexican (Chiapas) amber (Wittmer 1963). It differs from the new species by its more transverse pronotum and the different shape of its lobes and spines, as well as its smaller body size.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The amber piece is transparent, measures 46.4 x 29.2 x 13.8 mm and weighs 10.558 grams. The inclusion is easily visible, and only the beetle’s right antenna is missing.</p>Published as part of <i>Fanti, Fabrizio & Pankowski, Maximilian G., 2021, Two new species of soldier beetles (Coleoptera, Cantharidae), the first from the tribe Silini in Dominican amber, pp. 163-170 in Zootaxa 4996 (1)</i> on pages 166-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.1.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5069646">http://zenodo.org/record/5069646</a>
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