239 research outputs found
Sex and Gender Discrimination Within Eu Pension Systems
No full textDrawing on the philosophical differentiation between sex and gender, this article focuses on structural mechanisms of gender discrimination within European pension systems. For this purpose, the article distinguishes between two dimensions of the gender category: the work behaviour dimension and the care dimension. It is argued that the differentiation between employment and family work on the one hand and specific living arrangements on the other is structurally implemented within old age security systems. All countries have established earnings-related schemes which, to various extents, refer to former earnings and continuous working careers. Many of the earnings-related schemes incorporate family work in one way or another by granting entitlement for the care of children and/or elderly or handicapped people. Most of the schemes are combined with additional benefits for spouses and/or survivors, referring to married heterosexual couples. Only a few countries have additionally established universal pension schemes based on residence instead of employment or family work. The comparative analysis of pension systems in the 15 EU member states gives an idea about national varieties of structural gender differentiation
Social workers' collective policy practice in times of austerity. Italy and Spain compared
No full textAlthough political responsibility lays at the core of social professions, until recently it has only been weakly exerted. Effectively acting for social justice in a context shaped by neomanagerialism, economic crisis and (permanent) austerity has become crucial for the profession, the users and democracy but is particularly difficult. Based on a critical policy theoretical framework, this chapter illustrates and interprets the features of social workers’ policy practice in Italy and Spain in the austerity age. Against deactivation hypotheses, social workers’ potential in affecting welfare politics is enriched in both countries through the action of collective bodies from within the profession. Beyond flat visions of social workers’ policy practice, the analysis also shows that different mobilisation paths exist. The peculiar interactions between the political opportunities’ structure and the characteristics of professional bodies (political culture, resources, skills) in the medium term can account for the divergence. These interactions seem to be pushing social workers’ policy practice towards particularistic/professional or universal/political achievements
Time resolution of TileCal and searches for heavy metastable particles
No full textTitle: Time resolution of TileCal and searches for heavy metastable parti- cles Author: Martina Pagáčová Department: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Rupert Leitner, DrSc. Supervisor's e-mail address: [email protected] Abstract: In the present work, the timing of the ATLAS TileCal is stud- ied using the single hadron collision data. The time resolution and also the mean time response depend on the energy deposited in a given cell. The results are compared to the previous analysis with jets and muons. Precise time-of-flight measurement using TileCal can be used to identify the heavy long-lived particles predicted by the models of physics beyond the standard model. Their mass can be reconstructed by combining with the momentum measurement in the ATLAS inner detector. Finally, the mass resolution of an exotic particle with mass M = 600 GeV is estimated. Keywords: ATLAS experiment, TileCal, time resolution, stable massive particle
Sitzung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Bibliotheksdirektoren (und Verabschiedung in den Ruhestand von Ilse Dosoudil) in der Universitätsbibliothek Wien (26.11.2003)
No full textv.l.n.r.: Peter Kubalek, Robert Schiller, Robert Wagner, Manfred Lube, Sylvia Rabl-Altrichter, Bettina Schmeikal, Edith Jurkovitsch (BMBWK), Monika Schenk, Werner Hainz-Sator, Ilse Dosoudil, Helmut Leitner, Sigrid Reinitzer, Martin Wieser, Peter Seitz (BMBWK), Anton Breitfuss, Günter Olensky, Wolfgang Kerber, Gabriele Jurjevec-Koller, Lotte Jontes, Susanne Eschwè. In dieser Sitzung wurde Martin Wieser zum Vorsitzenden der ARGE gewählt
„Wohlfahrtsstaat und Infrastruktur – das Soziale organisieren“
No full textThe German welfare state organizes social policy traditionally in two distinct ways. On the one hand, work-related and state-organized social security schemes protect the working population and their families from typical social risks during the life course. On the other hand, means-tested welfare benefits and individualized social services support individuals outside the labor market. Due to socioeconomic change, this complementary construction of the welfare state is under increasing pressure: declining economic growth rates, increasing unemployment rates, and the aging population lead to expanding costs for the welfare state, whereas funding for social policy shrinks. Social security benefits as well as welfare benefits were adapted accordingly in terms of benefit reductions but also by readjusting the normative aims of the German welfare state. The new paradigms of activation, self-responsibility, and autonomy can be found in all social programs. Thus, the basic question is whether the reformed welfare state as a whole is still able to deal with the social problems at hand. From a holistic point of view, it is argued that the fragmentation of the social protection system should be overcome in order to develop an integrated perspective of how to organize social policy
Časové rozlišení TileCalu a hledání těžkých dlouhožijících částic
No full textNázev práce: Časové rozlíšenie TileCalu a hl'adanie t'ažkých metastabilných častíc Autor: Martina Pagáčová Ústav: Ústav částicové a jaderné fyziky Vedoucí diplomové práce: doc. RNDr. Rupert Leitner, DrSc. E-mail vedoucího: [email protected] Abstrakt: Predložená práca sa zaoberá štúdiom časovania kalorimetru Tile- Cal experimentu ATLAS prostredníctvom dát single hadrónov. Časové rozlíšenie rovnako ako odozva stredného času závisia na deponovanej energii v danej cele. Výsledky sú porovnané s predchádzajúcimi analýzami s jetmi a miónami. Presné meranie doby letu pomocou TileCalu môže identifikovat' t'ažké dlhožijúce častice, ktoré sú predpovedané modelmi za štandardným modelom. Ich hmotu je možné zrekonštruovat' skombinovaním tohto merania s meraním hybnosti vo vnútornom detektore experimentu ATLAS. Nakoniec je vypočítaná chyba určenia hmoty exotickej častice o hmotnosti M = 600 GeV. Klíčová slova: ATLAS experiment, TileCal kalorimeter, časové rozlíšenie, stabilné t'ažké časticeTitle: Time resolution of TileCal and searches for heavy metastable parti- cles Author: Martina Pagáčová Department: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Rupert Leitner, DrSc. Supervisor's e-mail address: [email protected] Abstract: In the present work, the timing of the ATLAS TileCal is stud- ied using the single hadron collision data. The time resolution and also the mean time response depend on the energy deposited in a given cell. The results are compared to the previous analysis with jets and muons. Precise time-of-flight measurement using TileCal can be used to identify the heavy long-lived particles predicted by the models of physics beyond the standard model. Their mass can be reconstructed by combining with the momentum measurement in the ATLAS inner detector. Finally, the mass resolution of an exotic particle with mass M = 600 GeV is estimated. Keywords: ATLAS experiment, TileCal, time resolution, stable massive particlesÚstav částicové a jaderné fyzikyInstitute of Particle and Nuclear PhysicsMatematicko-fyzikální fakultaFaculty of Mathematics and Physic
Activation policies from a gender-sensible citizenship perspective: a tentative analytical framework
No full textThe paper develops a tentative analytical framework for systematically comparing different types of activation policies with regard to their implications for the welfare triangle between state-market-family and gender inequalities. Starting point is the realization that the meanwhile universal “activation paradigm” of labour market policies, i.e. the (re-)commodification of all adults able to work, affects the welfare production of families as it conflicts with the unpaid care work for dependants performed primarily by women. From a theoretical background of social citizenship rights, it is assumed that this unpaid care work can neither be fully commodified and de-familised, nor that this is desirable for society. Rather, the notion of an inclusive social citizenship developed by feminist welfare state research includes both earning and caring responsibilities of all citizens as a basis for recognition and subsistence. Two main research questions arising from this inherent tension of activation policies are tackled in this paper: First, how do the different country variants of activation policies address this tension and what are the interdependencies between national welfare and gender regimes and the specific activation type? Second, what are the outcomes of this interplay in terms of social inequality especially with regard to gender and class, and regarding the notion of inclusive social citizenship? To operationalise these questions for comparative research, a tentative analytical framework is proposed, developing seven relevant dimensions and respective indicators to measure or assess them. This analytical tool has been applied in a case study of German activation policies, whose central findings are summarised, drawing conclusions in the light of comparative research. -- Das Papier entwickelt einen vorläufigen Analyserahmen für den systematischen Vergleich unterschiedlicher Typen von Aktivierungspolitiken im Hinblick auf ihre Implikationen für das Wohlfahrtsdreieck zwischen Staat-Markt-Familie und Geschlechterungleichheiten. Ausgangspunkt ist die Erkenntnis, dass das inzwischen universell gültige arbeitsmarktpolitische Aktivierungsparadigma, d. h. die (Re-)Kommodifizierung aller erwerbsfähigen Bürgerinnen und Bürger, die Wohlfahrtsproduktion der Familie insofern betrifft als es mit der vor allem von Frauen unbezahlt geleisteten Sorgearbeit für Angehörige kollidiert. Auf dem theoretischen Hintergrund sozialer BürgerInnenrechte wird angenommen, dass diese unbezahlte Sorgearbeit weder vollständig kommodifiziert und de-familialisiert werden kann, noch dass dies gesellschaftlich wünschenswert ist. Vielmehr bedeutet die Idee einer inklusiven sozialen Staatsbürgerschaft wie sie in der feministischen Wohlfahrtsstaatsforschung entwickelt wurde, dass sie sowohl Erwerbs- als auch Sorgeverantwortung aller Bürger und Bürgerinnen als Basis für Anerkennung und Subsistenzrechte einschließt. Ausgehend von diesem dem Aktivierungsparadigma inhärenten Spannungsverhältnis werden zwei zentrale Forschungsfragen formuliert: Erstens, wie beantworten die unterschiedlichen Ländervarianten von Aktivierungspolitik dieses Spannungsverhältnis und welche Interdependenzen bestehen zwischen Wohlfahrts- und Gender-Regimen und dem spezifischen Aktivierungstyp? Zweitens, was sind die Ergebnisse dieses Zusammenspiels im Hinblick auf soziale Ungleichheiten besonders von Geschlecht und Klasse und hinsichtlich der Idee sozial inklusiver Staatsbürgerschaft? Um diese Fragen für die vergleichende Forschung zu operationalisieren, wird ein vorläufiger Analyserahmen vorgeschlagen, der sieben relevante Dimensionen und entsprechende Indikatoren für deren Messung und Bewertung enthält. Dieses Analyseinstrument wurde für eine Fallstudie deutscher Aktivierungspolitik angewendet, deren zentrale Befunde im Licht vergleichender Forschung diskutiert werden.
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