199,527 research outputs found
Gesundheitliche Ungleichheit im Lebensverlauf: Neue Forschungsergebnisse und ihre Bedeutung für die Prävention
No full textDie Lebenserwartung in Deutschland ist in den vergangenen Jahren immer weiter gestiegen. Gründe dafür sind wachsender Wohlstand, sozial- und arbeitspolitische Verbesserungen und der Zugang der Bevölkerung zu einem leistungsfähigen Gesundheitssystem. Diese Faktoren scheinen allerdings nicht allen sozialen Schichten gleichermaßen zugute zu kommen. Denn immer noch sterben Menschen mit geringerem sozialem Status viele Jahre früher als sozial besser gestellte Menschen. Dies konstatiert das von Prof. Dr. Johannes Siegrist und Prof. Dr. Ursula M. Staudinger herausgegebene Papier mit dem Titel „Gesundheitliche Ungleichheit im Lebensverlauf“. Die Autorinnen und Autoren der darin veröffentlichten Beiträge untersuchen, welche Einflüsse in verschiedenen Abschnitten des Lebens zu dieser Ungleichheit beitragen und wie man diese mindern kann
The psychosocial work environment and alcohol dependence: a prospective study
No full textAims: To examine whether a stressful psychosocial work environment predicts alcohol dependence.Methods: Alcohol dependence of participants in the Whitehall II occupational cohort of London based civil servants (1985-88) was measured in 1991-93 using the CAGE questionnaire. The psychosocial work environment was measured by self report questions on the job demand-support-control model and on the model of effort-reward imbalance. Potential mediators including physical illness and poor mental health (GHQ) were measured at follow up in 1989.Results: Effort-reward imbalance at work was associated with alcohol dependence in men after adjustment for employment grade and other baseline factors related to alcohol dependence. Although effort-reward imbalance predicted future longstanding illness, poor mental health and negative aspects of close relationships, the association between effort-reward imbalance and alcohol dependence in men was only partially mediated through these health and social support measures. In women, low decision latitude was related to alcohol dependence to some extent, but alcohol dependence among women was more prevalent in higher occupational grades. Men with high job demands or with low work social supports had a slightly reduced risk of alcohol dependence. No association was found between objectively assessed demands, job control, and alcohol dependence in either men or women.Conclusion: A stressful psychosocial work environment in terms of effort-reward imbalance was found to be a risk factor for alcohol dependence in men. In view of the public health importance of alcohol dependence in working populations these findings call for more emphasis on psychosocial factors in occupational health research and prevention
Professionsbezogene Ansätze der Qualitätsförderung und -messung: Die Pflege
No full textSchaeffer D, Ewers M. Professionsbezogene Ansätze der Qualitätsförderung und -messung: Die Pflege. In: Badura B, Siegrist J, eds. Evaluation im Gesundheitswesen. Ansätze und Ergebnisse. 2. Auflage. Weinheim: Juventa; 2002: 73-85
“Alpine Space”, DIAMONT, Work Pakage 5: “Analysing the Influence of Cultural Differences on Regional Development in the Alps”, Interreg IIIB "Alpine Space" - final report
No full textAnalysing the Influence of Cultural Differences on Regional Development in the Alps - INTERREG III
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Psychosocial work characteristics and self rated health in four post-communist countries
No full textStudy objectives-To examine whether psychosocial factors at work are related to self rated health in post-communist countries.Design and settings-Random samples of men and women in five communities in four countries were sent a postal questionnaire (Poland, Czech Republic and Lithuania) or were invited to an interview (Hungary). Working subjects (n = 3941) reported their self rated health in the past 12 months (5 point scale), their socioeconomic circumstances, perceived control over life, and the following aspects of the psychosocial work environment: job control, job demand, job variety, social support, and effort and reward at work (to calculate a ratio of effort/reward imbalance). As the results did not differ by country, pooled analyses were performed. Odds ratios of poor or very poor health ("poor health") were estimated for a 1 SD increase in the scores of work related factors.Main results-The overall prevalence of poor health was 6% in men and 7% in women. After controlling for age, sex and community, all work related factors were associated with poor health (p < 0.05). After further adjustment for perceived control, only two work related factors remained associated with poor health; the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for 1 SD increase in the effort/reward ratio (log transformed) and job variety were 1.51 (1.29, 1.78) and 0.82 (0.73, 1.00), respectively. Further adjustment for all work related factors did not change these estimates. There were no interactions between individual work related factors, but the effects of job control and social support at work differed by marital status, and the odds ratio of job demand increased with increasing education.Conclusions-The continuous measure of effort/reward imbalance at work was a powerful determinant of self rated health in these post-communist populations. Although the cross sectional design does not allow firm conclusions as to causality, this study suggests that the effect of the psychosocial work environment is not confined to Western populations
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
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