753 research outputs found
A Study on Luo Zhi Cheng\ue2s Historical narrative poems
No full textLuo Zhi Cheng is an important poet in the field of Taiwanese modern poetry, who is known for distinctive linguistic style and intense creative consciousness that are respected. Based on his powerful imagination and flourishing creativity as two primary advantages, through the mediation of poetry, prose, remarks, and commentaries, he maximally amplifies the implication of literature, and thereby composes himself and enriches the character. Distinguished from the majority of researchers focusing on Luo\ue2s lyric works, this study particularly found a writing context of \ue2avoidance of lyric sensibility\ue2 in Luo\ue2s poems, that is, his series of works historical themes in the form of long poems utilizing narrative skills to exhibit the remarkable consistency between the internality and the externality of the author.
\ue3\ue3This study conducted a comparative investigation of Luo\ue2s poetry work (The Book of Zhuzi) and prose works (Austral Court\ue2s Notandum and The Initiation of Civilization) to build a relatively more multi-faceted \ue2author\ue2s image of Luo Zhi Cheng\ue2 according to the writing of works of historical themes. Using the methodology of narratology, I departed from the internality of the text (the collection of poems) to identify how Luo forms the ideal spectrum of character by shaping historical persons; and meanwhile, I equally departed from the collections of prose to grasp the external information of the texts, and thereby clarified that Luo may treat \ue2writing, individual, and society\ue2 as a process of self-fulfillment. It is the two corresponding identities \ue2poet\ue2 and \ue2the intellectual\ue2 that are the mechanism of his constructing self-justification. Such investigation of the internality and the externality of text confirmed the complex relationships of the sustained \ue2opposition,\ue2 \ue2coexistence,\ue2 and \ue2conflict\ue2 between Luo and his works of historical themes
Lun yu zhi xing cheng yu liang Han zheng zhi
No full text作為古代東亞文化圈其中一部最具影響力的著作─《論語》，其在漢代的重要性一直長期被忽視。直至近年隨着學界的「翻案風」興起，對《論語》及《論語》學的研究才開始起步，但對唐以前的研究仍是寥寥無幾。此外，迄今為止這些研究仍離不開就《論語》的版本及詮釋本進行文本式研究，卻忽視了《論語》作為一部重要的儒家經典，對政治、社會等各方面的實際影響，本研究希望為此填補一點空白。本文認為《論語》所以沒有在西漢時期被列入成為《五經》之一，主因在於不同版本之間存有篇數差異及未經「孔子删削」而成為「權威定本」，是以不符合西漢「大一統」的政治需要。而且，在漢人眼裡「《論語》」的概念其實有「廣義」和「狹義」之分，這亦是前人研究時常常忽略的。至於，《論語》作為一種官學在兩漢之間如何形成及發展，以至最終成為部分知識人心目中的「第六經」亦是本文嘗試回答的問題。正如本文強調研究《論語》與社會及政治之間的關係，是以我們亦將探討西漢末至東漢時期的讖緯思潮如何導致孔子由一個人變成一個神的問題，因為《論語》作為孔子的言行記錄，其地位亦隨着孔子的地位改變而有所升降，而《七緯》中包含《論語緯》正是其中一種地位上升的表現。最後，有關《論語》在兩漢的政治影響力的問題，文中亦嘗試透過分析幾部政書及一些皇帝的詔書、朝議，指出朝臣及皇帝如何據《論》而言。當然，本研究所以以「五經以外」為題，並不是要否定《五經》在漢代的影響力，相反本研究嘗試從一個嶄新的角度分析兩漢的政治問題，從而希望能得出一些新的看法。This research aims at studying the political authority of a long-neglected classic in Han Dynasty ─Lun Yuor the Analects of the Confucius. To date, the majority of scholars in the intellectual history field are operating on the assumption that, be-cause of the establishment of the "Experts of Five Classics (The Book of History, the Book of Odes, the Book of Change, the Book of Ritualsand the Spring and Autumn Annals)" in the central government academy (Tai Xue) and an government officer recruitment examination based on the "Five Classics," the intellectual history of Han was basically the history about the conservation, transmission and interpretation of "Five Classics." Most sholarship on the Analects either studies the textual genesis or the literary character of this source material about Confucius. As a result, not many scholars have studied how the Analects interact with Han political, social, and material contexts.But should we accept this common wisdom that the intellectual history of Han was just the history about the "Five Classics"? Or was there something beyond the "Five Classics" that was of equal importance? This could be answered by the fact that Cai Yong, a senior official and a Confucian scholar of the latter Han period, described the Analects as the "Sixth Classic" which was also a basic entry requirement for the newly appointed "Erudites" and academy students of the Imperial Academy (Tai Xue) in late Eastern Han. It is also interesting to note that many official documents or memorials that the senior officials presented to the court quoted from the Analects to support their arguments since Emperor Wu of Western Han. It is reasonable, therefore, to believe that the Analects had played a special role in the politics of Han China.It is commonly believed that Han intellectuals in office emphasized the ideas in the "Five Classics" as practical solutions for contemporary political and social issues; and all government schools (from elementary learning to academy) should use "Five Classics" as part of their programs. As a result, we are told, the "Five Classics" became the authoritative traditions of Han Dynasty. It is hard to belief, however, that the "Five Classics," each with hundreds of thousands of words (most of them are exegesis written by later classical masters), could be propagated to the whole country, including the far-flung regions of the empire, in the pre-printing era. Furthermore, some recently excavated materials suggest a different view to evaluate the influence of the "Five Classics." What is most striking was that the excavated manuscripts of the "Five Classics" were only discovered in the Central Plain (i.e., the North China Plain), while no discovery was reported outside this area. On the other hand, excavated manuscripts of the Han Analects were unearthed in many parts of the Han Empire as far as the region which is now North Korea (most of them belong to the early Western Han period before Emperor Wu). This phenomenon invites us to recast our views of the past in unforeseen ways. It stands to reason to argue that the authority of the "Five Classics" in the Han is somewhat overstated and the influence of the Analectsis underestimated in a particular time and place.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.何家祈.Parallel title from English abstract.Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-261).Abstracts in Chinese and English.He Jiaqi
Shaanxi (China), aerial view of Han river and Daba mountains
No full textThe Han River seen from the air above Han-chung (Nan-cheng), Shensi, with a braided channel. Looking westward up the course of the river, one sees at the upper right the Pao River entering the Han, while on the left are the foothills of the Ta-pa Shan.Image is part of research conducted by Harold J. Wiens for the article: The Shu Tao or Road to Szechwan
Author(s): Herold J. Wiens
Source: Geographical Review, Vol. 39, No. 4 (Oct., 1949), pp. 584-604
Published by: American Geographical Society
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/210674http://www.jstor.org/stable/210674Grayscal
Influence of carbon nanotube length on toxicity to zebrafish embryos
No full textJinping Cheng,1,2 Shuk Han Cheng11Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; 2State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, ChinaAbstract: There is currently a large difference of opinion in nanotoxicology studies of nanomaterials. There is concern about why some studies have indicated that there is strong toxicity, while others have not. In this study, the length of carbon nanotubes greatly affected their toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were sonicated in a nitric acid solution for 24 hours and 48 hours. The modified MWCNTs were tested in early developing zebrafish embryo. MWCNTs prepared with the longer sonication time resulted in severe developmental toxicity; however, the shorter sonication time did not induce any obvious toxicity in the tested developing zebrafish embryos. The cellular and molecular changes of the affected zebrafish embryos were studied and the observed phenotypes scored. This study suggests that length plays an important role in the in vivo toxicity of functionalized CNTs. This study will help in furthering the understanding on current differences in toxicity studies of nanomaterials.Keywords: length, carbon nanotubes, sonication, developmental toxicity, zebrafis
Measurement of BCG-induced immunity to mycobateria in peripheral blood cells of children in Britain and South India
No full textOpen Acces
Influence of carbon nanotube length on toxicity to zebrafish embryos
No full textThere is currently a large difference of opinion in nanotoxicology studies of nanomaterials. There is concern about why some studies have indicated that there is strong toxicity, while others have not. In this study, the length of carbon nanotubes greatly affected their toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were sonicated in a nitric acid solution for 24 hours and 48 hours. The modified MWCNTs were tested in early developing zebrafish embryo. MWCNTs prepared with the longer sonication time resulted in severe developmental toxicity; however, the shorter sonication time did not induce any obvious toxicity in the tested developing zebrafish embryos. The cellular and molecular changes of the affected zebrafish embryos were studied and the observed phenotypes scored. This study suggests that length plays an important role in the in vivo toxicity of functionalized CNTs. This study will help in furthering the understanding on current differences in toxicity studies of nanomaterials.</p
bioaerosol emission characteristics and the epidemiological, occupational, and public health risk assessment of waste and wastewater management
No full textFunding Information: H&TRC author gratefully acknowledge the FCT/MCTES national support through the UIDB/05608/2020 and the UIDP/05608/2020.publishersversionpublishe
Qin Han bu ji gou cheng yu jian du er ci shu xie.
No full text觀察中國早期帝國管治形態的視角眾多，其中最具資料根據的是地方簿籍制度的運行。自簡牘面世而來，學界對簿籍的歸類和分析未曾間斷，成為重要的研究基礎。現已知其運行地區之廣泛、針對範圍之精細，對於理解秦漢地區管治模式均有助益。然而，簡牘不僅是文字資料的承載物，本身的形制與書寫形態同樣是寶貴的考古資料遺存，在討論秦漢簿籍制度的過程中不能將三者割裂。本文的目的在於將秦漢簿籍系統置於地方行政的視野之下，帶出秦漢簿籍的歷史意義。分析的層次主要有二：第一，簿籍檔案的形制發展。里耶秦簡的面世提供了秦制資料，從秦到漢經歷了簿籍概念的成熟化和專門化過程；第二，在簿籍系統成熟的背景下出現眾多二次書寫形式。二次書寫的定義為在同一簡牘載體上出現兩次或三次的書寫次序，說明簿籍有自身的構成次序。涵蓋範圍包括糧食、金錢、人員流動以及物品記錄，簿籍構成的過程與帝國物資與人員流動的實況同步。二次書寫以及相應的簿籍構成過程與秦漢地方日常行政手續息息相關，對之作出辨認等同還原當時行政場境，同時也是體現秦漢地方管治實況的重要視角。Documentation of local records is one of the most prominent indexes to evaluate the level of ancient state development by revealing the effectiveness of regional administration and the supervision of centralized government. The documentation system in Qin and Han Dynasties is the earliest accessible point allowing us to take a glimpse of the centralization process, which is marked by its extensive establishment in terms of both geography and range of recorded items. Excavated Qin and Han bamboo slips convey how the system developed and contributed to local administration.In pursuit of outlining the administrative role of documentation, this paper attempts to observe the formatting process of Qin and Han local documents by interpreting their outstanding, yet often overlooked, writing sequence. It is characterized by several indications, such as different hand-writings and deviating writing position, implying that local documents underwent at least two writing processes. It also illuminates the transition progress of local documents, their utility in different stages, and most importantly, the interrelation of recording and governing. Recognizing writing sequence on bamboo slips sheds light on the steps of documentation, details of daily administration, as well as how Qin and Han local authorities communicated.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.梁煒傑.Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 232-249).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Liang Weijie
Effect of carbon nanotubes on developing zebrafish (Danio Rerior) embryos
No full textThe impact of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the aquatic environment was investigated by examining the properties of raw CNTs under several environmental conditions and using developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. The agglomerate size for single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) was significantly larger at pH 11 or greater and was stable at temperatures from 4 to 40C and salinities from 0 to 30 ppt. Exposure to SWCNTs induced a significant hatching delay in zebrafish embryos between 52 to 72 h postfertilization (hpf ) at concentrations of greater than 120 mg/L, but 99% of the exposed embryos hatched by 75 hpf. Doublewalled CNTs also induced a hatching delay at concentrations of greater than 240 mg/L, but carbon black did not affect hatching at the concentrations tested. Molecular and cellular analysis showed that the embryonic development of the exposed embryos up to 96 hpf was not affected at SWCNT concentrations of up to 360 mg/L. Scanning-electron microscopic inspection showed that the size of the pores on the embryo chorion was nanoscaled and that the size of SWCNT agglomerates was microscaled or larger, indicating that the chorion of zebrafish embryos was an effective protective barrier to SWCNT agglomerates. The hatching delay observed in this study likely was induced by the Co and Ni catalysts used in the production of SWCNTs that remained at trace concentrations after purification. This study suggests that materials associated with raw SWCNTs (perhaps metal contaminants) have the potential to affect aquatic life when released into the aquatic environment
Author Correction: Hot carrier cooling mechanisms in halide perovskites
No full textThe original version of this Article omitted an affiliation of Cheng Hon Alfred Huan: ‘Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 138634, Singapore’.This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the article.</jats:p
- …
