1,720,957 research outputs found
Spatiotemporal Segregation of Chiral Supramolecular Polymers
No full textProgrammable spatiotemporal control over the formation of functional supramolecular polymers, which leads to the formation of different morphological forms in solution, is one of the long-standing issues in chemistry. The situation is even more complex especially when dealing with a mixture of species in multicomponent self-assemblies. One way to achieve this goal is by controlling the spatiotemporal distribution of the molecular components in solution, which control the overall aggregation process. Herein, we report the spatiotemporal segregation of different redox-responsive supramolecular assemblies inside spatiotemporal domains generated within the same solution under out-of-equilibrium conditions by using audible sound. Using this approach, we can spatiotemporally control the formation of at least two types of assemblies, which are either both achiral or one of them is chiral, or both are chiral but with opposite helicity. This strategy may provide advanced control over solution-state synthesis of supramolecular polymers, which exhibit morphology-dependent functions.11Nsciescopu
Out-of-equilibrium chemical logic systems: Light- and sound-controlled programmable spatiotemporal patterns and mechanical functions
No full textLiving systems at different scales function through the sensing of multiple external signal inputs, which are further processed based on binary or more complicated computational models and networks. Inspired by such behavior, here, we show that the information processing in out-of-equilibrium chemical systems utilizing binary Boolean logic can be exploited to obtain transient functions such as spatiotemporally controlled chemical gradients and patterns in response to specific combination of multiple physical or chemical inputs (light, audible sound, and O-2). We further explore systems that are able to execute highly complicated functions such as guiding a cargo through a maze by processing the information from multiple external stimuli. Our approach of integrating and encoding binary Boolean logic within out-of-equilibrium chemical systems for the extraction of mechanical work to execute transient biomimicking functions can expand the realms of systems chemistry and related research and help us design smart materials.11Nsciescopu
Transient Self-assembly Processes Operated by Gaseous Fuels under Out-of-Equilibrium Conditions
No full text© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH. Herein we report transient out-of-equilibrium self-assembly of molecules operated by gaseous fuel mixtures. The combination of an active gaseous chemical fuel and an inert gas or compressed air, which assists the degassing of the gaseous fuel from the solution, drives the transient self-assembly process. The gaseous nature of the fuel as well as the exhaust helps in their easy removal and thereby prevents their accumulation within the system and helps in maintaining the efficiency of the transient self-assembly process. The strategy is executed with a rather simple experimental set up and operates at ambient temperatures. Our approach may find use in the development of smart materials suitable for applications such as temporally active gas sensing and sequestration11sciescopu
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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