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Dwindling Shisham
No full text23THE Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains of India have traditionally been the most favourable habitat for the growth and yield of Dalbergia sissoo, popularly known as shisham. In fact, this region represents the best belt of D. sissoo in the country. It is planted on a large scale in this region for its multiple uses in Uttar Pradesh,Bihar, Jharkhand, Punjab, Haryana, West Bengal and Assam
Chemical control of wilt in Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.)
Get PDFFusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wr. was isolated from the roots of shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) plants of 6–30 years age, showing symptoms of wilt disease at different stages. In vitro toxicity assays with three fungicides revealed that Benomyl is the most effective in controlling mycelial growth of F. solani followed by Ridomil Gold while Aliette had insignificant effect. Field study showed that application of 50 liters of 200 ppm Benomyl can effectively recover 6‑8 years old wilting shisham plants
Shisham (Dalbergia Sissoo) Decline by Dieback Disease, Root Pathogens and Their Management: a Review
Get PDFShisham or sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo) is an important multipurpose tree with great economic importance, but this tree has been infected by various root pathogens. This review article shows the works conducted on root pathogens and die back disease of Shisham and their management. Around seventy-one endophytic fungus has been found in sissoo trees in Nepal. Several fungi, including, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Ganoderma lucidum, Phellinus gilvus, Polypours gilvus, Rhizoctonia solani, Polyporus spongiosum, etc. cause sissoo diseases. Ganoderma Lucidum and F. Solani are two main pathogenic agents in Shisham, all of which causes root rot and vascular wilt diseases, and are the causes for the large-scale death of this tree species. Root rot ganoderma is wide spread in both natural and plant-based forests. Older trees in Shisham are usually attacked by these pathogens and cause large-scale death. However, when sissoo is grown as a re-forested pure plant without the removal of the stumps or root of the initial plant, a serious problem of root rot can develop. Field sanitation and proper management of field are necessary to control the fungal diseases of Shisham. Another deleterious disease of Shisham is dieback disease, where sissoo plantations have been confirmed to this disease when the infected trees begin to get dry from the top. There is no suitable solution for control of dieback of Shisham. There is a need of developing resistant varieties and to improve the quality of seed. This review may be useful tool for Forest Pathologists and other persons who are working in forestry and natural conservation sectors.
 
First record of<i>Ceratocystis fimbriata</i>associated with shisham (<i>Dalbergia sissoo</i>) decline in Pakistan
Get PDFCeratocystis fimbriata has been associated with decline disorders of several fruit and forest trees. In 2006 this pathogen was isolated for the first time from declining mango trees in Pakistan. It has also recently been isolated from samples of declining shisham trees and pathogenicity tests have confirmed that it is indeed responsible for the decline disorders observed on shisham tress in Pakistan. This is the first record of C. fimbriata in association with shisham decline and the first time it is demonstrated to be the etiological agent of this important disease
Extent of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) Decline in Sialkot, Gujranwala, Lahore and Sargodha Districts
Get PDFA thorough survey of four districts of Punjab viz. Sialkot, Gujranwala, Lahore and Sargodha was carried out during May-June 2003 to study the present scenario of shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) decline in these areas and to find out relationship, if any, between disease severity and edaphic conditions. From each of the four districts, canal banks, highways and roadsides, and agricultural lands were surveyed. In Lahore surveyed areas also included University of the Punjab, Aitchison College and roadside along the canal bank of BRB Lahore Branch. From each district 700 – 1200 plants were observed. Shisham trees were found to be attacked with two types of diseases viz. wilting and dieback, the latter being the more prevalent than the former. Maximum mortality of 75 – 80 % was observed along the canal banks except BRB Lahore branch. Along the highways and roadsides 20 – 40 % plants were found dead. In the Punjab University about 10 % plants were found dead while 17 % were affected with dieback and wilting ranging from mild infection to highly diseased. The least disease incidence and mortality rate was observed on plants growing on agricultural lands, along the roadside of BRB Lahore branch and in Aitchison College. Disease incidence and severity seemed to have no relation with soil pH. Generally older plants were found to be more susceptible to the disease attack than the younger ones. It was concluded that plant resistance to disease attack was associated with proper irrigation management. Apparently stressed conditions especially high soil moisture content is responsible for the attack and severity of the disease. It is recommended that along the canal bank shisham should be replaced with Eucalyptus spp. Furthermore, seeds from the resistant shisham plants, standing healthy among the hundreds of dead ones along the canal banks, should be used to raise nurseries for shisham plantation on suitable places away from the canals. 
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dieback Resistance Potential in Different Varieties of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.)
Get PDFNine phenotypically different varieties of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) were identified from Punjab University, Quaid-e-Azam Lahore, Pakistan and adjacent areas, on the basis of physical appearance of the plant, branching pattern, pod characters, leaf and leaflet size and shape, branching and leaf density and stem surface characteristics. On the basis of their relative resistance to dieback disease, the different varieties were named as Resistant 1, Susceptible 1‑4, Unspecified 1‑4. The Resistant 1 variety is characterized with dense, and long branches, which grow outward and downward forming a canopy. Generally plants do not attain much height. Leaves are large up to 16 cm in length, with four or five leaflets per leaf. Leaflets broad, globose or subglobose, young leaflets glaucous, mature leaflets glabrous, leaflet apex apiculate. Pods small, generally one rarely two seeded. Susceptible 1 and Susceptible 2 varieties were found to be highly susceptible to dieback showing 20% or more dieback incidence. These two varieties have been commonly cultivated in Punjab. Susceptible 3 and Susceptible 4 varieties were least susceptible showing dieback incidence not more than 2 %. The unspecified varieties 1 – 4 were named so because they did not show any disease symptoms but number of plants of these varieties was not large enough to decide their resistant potential. Shisham forestation can be revived by planting Resistant 1 and less susceptible varieties viz., Susceptible 3 and Susceptible 4 on suitable, well-drained sandy loam soils
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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