111 research outputs found
Fully stabilized 750-MHz Yb: fiber frequency comb
No full textThis study focuses on presenting a fully stabilized, self-referenced Yb: fiber frequency comb respectively phase locked to a microwave standard and an optical reference employing the highest, fundamental repetition rate of 750-MHz without additional external amplifiers and compressors. In addition, the challenge of phase locking the carrier envelop offset frequency for this high-repetition-rate fiber frequency comb is separately investigated in two schemes, namely, f-2f self-referencing and an approach of phase locking a beat note between the Yb: fiber frequency comb and a continuous wave laser. (C) 2017 Optical Society of AmericaJapan Science and Technology Agency (JST) through the ERATO MINOSHIMA Intelligent Optical Synthesizer (IOS) Project [JPMJER1304]SCI(E)ARTICLE1011910-119182
Deletion Breakpoint Analysis in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
No full textConotruncal anomaly face syndrome (CAFS), DiGeorge syndrome (DGS), and velo-cardio-facial syndrome have similar but varying phenotypic spectra, i.e., cardiac defects, abnormal facies, thymic hypoplasia, cleft palate and hypocalcemia, and share deletion of 22q11.2 as a common feature. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in size of the deletion of the 22q11.2 region between CAFS and DGS. Fifty probands (30 CAFS probands and 20 DGS probands), with a type A1 (3 Mb) deletion were examined by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using 4 probes of the 22q11.2 region. In this study, we showed that CAFS and DGS which have the type A1 (3 Mb) deletion have the same deletion size and the chromosome breakpoints of CAFS and DGS occurred within two complex repeats, LCR22-2 and LCR22-4, that are 3 Mb apart and that the deletions arose from unequal meiotic recombination events. It is important to determine whether the chromosome breakpoints occur in clustered regions or at random sites of sequence homology, since elucidation of the mechanism in which the deletion generated is necessary
Precise mapping of the EGF receptor gene on the human chromosome 7p12 using an improved fish technique
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Identification of three novel proteins (SGSM1, 2, 3) which modulate small G protein (RAP and RAB)-mediated signaling pathway
No full textAbstractWe report a novel protein family consisting of three members, each of which contains RUN and TBC motifs and appears to be associated with small G protein-mediated signal transduction pathway. We named these proteins as small G protein signaling modulators (SGSM1/2/3). Northern blot analysis revealed that human SGSM2/3 are expressed ubiquitously in various tissues, whereas SGSM1 is expressed mainly in brain, heart, and testis. Mouse possessed the same protein family genes, and the in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections revealed that mouse Sgsm1/2/3 are expressed in the neurons of central nervous system, indicating the strong association of Sgsm family with neuronal function. Furthermore, endogenous Sgsm1 protein was localized in the trans-Golgi network of mouse Neuro2a cells by immunofluorescence microscopy. Expression of various cDNA constructs followed by immunoprecipitation assay revealed that human SGSM1/2/3 proteins are coprecipitated with RAP and RAB subfamily members of the small G protein superfamily. Based on these results, we postulated that the SGSM family members function as modulators of the small G protein RAP and RAB-mediated neuronal signal transduction and vesicular transportation pathways
Flow cytometric analysis of the expression of 9A3 antigen, E-cadherin and EGF receptor in TMK-1 stomach cancer cells
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Oligomerization of optineurin and its oxidative stress- or E50K mutation-driven covalent cross-linking: possible relationship with glaucoma pathology.
No full textThe optineurin gene, OPTN, is one of the causative genes of primary open-angle glaucoma. Although oligomerization of optineurin in cultured cells was previously observed by gel filtration analysis and blue native gel electrophoresis (BNE), little is known about the characteristics of optineurin oligomers. Here, we aimed to analyze the oligomeric state of optineurin and factors affecting oligomerization, such as environmental stimuli or mutations in OPTN. Using BNE or immunoprecipitation followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), we demonstrated that both endogenous and transfected optineurin exist as oligomers, rather than monomers, in NIH3T3 cells. We also applied an in situ proximity ligation assay to visualize the self-interaction of optineurin in fixed HeLaS3 cells and found that the optineurin oligomers were localized diffusely in the cytoplasm. Optineurin oligomers were usually detected as a single band of a size equal to that of the optineurin monomer upon SDS-PAGE, while an additional protein band of a larger size was observed when cells were treated with H2O2. We showed that larger protein complex is optineurin oligomers by immunoprecipitation and termed it covalent optineurin oligomers. In cells expressing OPTN bearing the most common glaucoma-associated mutation, E50K, covalent oligomers were formed even without H2O2 stimulation. Antioxidants inhibited the formation of E50K-induced covalent oligomers to various degrees. A series of truncated constructs of OPTN was used to reveal that covalent oligomers may be optineurin trimers and that the ubiquitin-binding domain is essential for formation of these trimers. Our results indicated that optineurin trimers may be the basic unit of these oligomers. The oligomeric state can be affected by many factors that induce covalent bonds, such as H2O2 or E50K, as demonstrated here; this provides novel insights into the pathogenicity of E50K. Furthermore, regulation of the oligomeric state should be studied in the future
Larval morphology of the genus Hydrocassis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)
No full textThe larval morphology of the genus Hydrocassis Fairmaire, 1878 is described on the basis of three species of the genus: second instar of H. jengi Satô, 1998, all instars of H. lacustris (Sharp, 1884) and second and third instars of H. uncinata Ji et Schödl, 1998; the former two belong to the H. scapulata species group and the latter to the H. scaphoides species group. Primary chaetotaxy of the larval head of Hydrocassis is described based on the first instar larvae of H. lacustris. Larval morphology of all genera of Sperchopsini with known larvae is summarized based on descriptions and figures from the literature, which are compared with Hydrocassis: larval morphology of Hydrocassis is similar to that of Sperchopsis, and the presumably closely related genus Ametor is distinguishable from Hydrocassis by characters of larval morphology. A key to the Sperchopsini genera on the basis of larval characters is provided
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