614 research outputs found
Calcium rise in cultured neurons from medial septum elicits calcium waves in surrounding glial cells
No full textOne prerequisite for understanding the physiological relevance of intercellular calcium waves in glia is the examination of mechanisms that trigger these waves. Here, we show that stimulation of cultured septal neurons to produce a large and sustained calcium rise in the soma can initiate calcium waves in surrounding glial cells. The initiation of calcium waves is dependent on calcium influx through voltage-gated calcium channels on the neuron. The waves are not due to direct stimulation of the glial cells or to loss of neuronal membrane integrity. Mechanism of wave initiation is distinct from that involved in Wave propagation and does not involve glutamate or acetylcholine release. Communication via gap junctions, or nitric oxide production, is not involved in the initial signaling between a stimulated neuron and the surrounding astrocytes. Suramin, a blocker of P2 receptors blocked the waves but failed to abolish the responses in glial cells immediately surrounding the stimulated neuron. Our results suggest that patterns of calcium rises on neurons, like those seen in glutamate cytotoxicity, can cause calcium waves in surrounding glial cells. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Comparative Study of Freudian Concept with Bhagwad Geeta
Full text link“Shrimad Bhagwad Geeta” is a part of the great epic ‘Mahabharata” written thousands of years back by the sage Ved Vyaas. The book has eighteen chapters, which contain the quintessence of the entire philosophy and vast ocean of spiritual knowledge of Vedas, Upnishads, Shastras, combined with all the other scriptures and literatures of the ancient India and Sanatan Hindus. But Bhagwad Geeta is not for a particular person, or religion, race, caste, or country, rather it is that divine treasure of knowledge that has been given by the Lord Krishna Himself to the entire humanity. Each individual, who is alive and breathing on this earth, has an equal claim and right over the unparalleled and liberating knowledge of this wonderful song sung by Krishna. Saying anything about Bhagwad Geeta is like showing a lamp to the sun but at the same time it is absolutely pertinent and important to keep spreading the most invaluable gems and pearls of this divine source of knowledge with people in this era when everyone around seems to be stressed and depressed mentally, psychologically, emotionally, and spiritually because this great scripture has the immense potential within itself to answer all the questions and complications that are facing the modern civilizations and men today. It is the elixir that can bring the humanity to immortality and can free it of all the psychological bondages and make it healthy and blissful forever. This research paper attempts to draw the similarities between the theories of Freudian psychologically and the teachings from Geeta and at the same time it endeavours to highlight how this scripture marvelously resolves all the conflicts that remain unanswered by the modern scientific psychological thought. 
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Urine Samples of The Urinary Tract Infections Patients
No full textShikha Sharma,Dr. Geeta Gupta, Kushal Sing
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Urine Samples of The Urinary Tract Infections Patients
No full textShikha Sharma,Dr. Geeta Gupta, Kushal Sing
Emissions Input Data
No full textThis directory contains emissions input fields used to drive simulations utilized in Persad, G. The Dependence of Aerosols’ Global and Local Precipitation Impacts on Emitting Region (submitted, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics) and published in Persad, G. G. & Caldeira, K. Divergent global-scale temperature effects from identical aerosols emitted in different regions. Nature Communications 9, 3289 (2018). Full details on simulation set-up may be found in Persad and Caldeira (2018) and Persad (submitted, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics)
From the Persad and Caldeira (2018) Simulation and Analysis section:
"Nine 100-year, repeating annual cycle simulations were conducted in CAM5 coupled to the mixed-layer ocean: one control simulation, and eight regionally perturbed simulations. The control simulation is a year 2000 cli- mate with non-biomass burning anthropogenic black carbon, organic carbon, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and sulfate (SO4) emissions fields set to 1850 values. In each of the eight regionally perturbed simulations, the relevant region is populated with that region’s year 2000 values, scaled at every regional grid point and time step to achieve additional total annual emissions equivalent to China’s total year 2000 values: 22.4 Tg sulfate precursor, 1.61 Tg of black carbon emissions, and 4.03 Tg of organic carbon emissions. The 1850 and 2000 baseline emissions fields on which these are based are CAM5’s standard historical emissions fields1, and the resulting emissions fields used to drive simulations are publicly accessible to allow for replication in other model suites (see Data availability). "
See Persad and Caldeira (2018) Figure 1 and Methods for region definitions.
Questions can be directed to the corresponding author at [email protected]
Emissions input fields:
Control Simulation
/Control
-Control_User_Namelist: Contains NCAR CESM user namelist specification with listing of all emissions input files for the control simulation. All input files listed are default available through NCAR CESM installations and the NCAR CESM server (https://svn-ccsm-inputdata.cgd.ucar.edu/trunk/inputdata/atm/cam/chem/trop_mozart_aero/emis/) and are not included here.
Eight Regional Perturbation Simulations
/Brazil
-Brazil_User_Namelist: Contains NCAR CESM user namelist specification with listing of all emissions input files for the regional perturbation simulation with scaled emissions located in Brazil. All referenced files not listed in this directory are default available through the NCAR CESM server (see Control Simulation above).
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/China
-China_User_Namelist: Contains NCAR CESM user namelist specification with listing of all emissions input files for the regional perturbation simulation with scaled emissions located in China. All referenced files not listed in this directory are default available through the NCAR CESM server (see Control Simulation above).
/East_Africa
-East_Africa_User_Namelist: Contains NCAR CESM user namelist specification with listing of all emissions input files for the regional perturbation simulation with scaled emissions located in East Africa. All referenced files not listed in this directory are default available through the NCAR CESM server (see Control Simulation above).
/Western_Europe
-Western_Europe_User_Namelist: Contains NCAR CESM user namelist specification with listing of all emissions input files for the regional perturbation simulation with scaled emissions located in Western Europe. All referenced files not listed in this directory are default available through the NCAR CESM server (see Control Simulation above).
/India
-India_User_Namelist: Contains NCAR CESM user namelist specification with listing of all emissions input files for the regional perturbation simulation with scaled emissions located in India. All referenced files not listed in this directory are default available through the NCAR CESM server (see Control Simulation above).
/Indonesia
-Indonesia_User_Namelist: Contains NCAR CESM user namelist specification with listing of all emissions input files for the regional perturbation simulation with scaled emissions located in Indonesia. All referenced files not listed in this directory are default available through the NCAR CESM server (see Control Simulation above).
/South_Africa
-South_Africa_User_Namelist: Contains NCAR CESM user namelist specification with listing of all emissions input files for the regional perturbation simulation with scaled emissions located in South Africa. All referenced files not listed in this directory are default available through the NCAR CESM server (see Control Simulation above).
/United_States
-United_States_User_Namelist: Contains NCAR CESM user namelist specification with listing of all emissions input files for the regional perturbation simulation with scaled emissions located in the United States. All referenced files not listed in this directory are default available through the NCAR CESM server (see Control Simulation above)
School Participation in Rural India.
Full text linkThis paper presents an analysis of the determinant of school participation in rural north India, based on a recent household survey which includes detailed information on school characteristics. School participation especially among girls, responds to a wide range of variables, including parental education and motivation, social background, dependency ratios, work opportunities, village development, teacher posting , teacher regularity and mid-day meals. The remarkable lead achieved by the state of Himachal Pradesh is fully accounted for by these variables. School quality matters, but it is not related in a simply way to specific inputs.Education, India, Child Labour, School Quality
A Study of Linear and Linear Fractional Extreme Point Programming Problems
No full textM.Sc. (Mathematics and Computing)An extreme point programming problems can be defined in which an objective function is optimized over a convex polyhedron with an additional requirement that optimal solution must also be an extreme point of another convex polyhedron.A zero-one integer programming problem can be converted into extreme point mathematical programming problem by replacing the requirement that each of the variables should be either zero or one. The chapter-wise summary of the thesis is as follows: Chapter 1 is introductory in nature. This chapter includes basic concepts used to find the extreme point solution of extreme point linear and linear fractional programming problem and its extension to bounded variables. In Chapter 2, an extreme point linear programming problem is studied and a procedure to solve extreme point linear programming problems has been discussed. In Chapter 3, a procedure to solve an extreme point linear fractional programming problem has been studied in which the concept of ranking of extreme
point solutions has been used to find the best optimal extreme point solution. To
illustrate the method used, a numerical example is solved. In Chapter 4, an extreme point linear fractional programming problem is extended to bounded variables and the procedure to solve linear fractional programming problem with bounded variables has been discussed. To illustrate the method, numerical example is also given.School of Mathematics and Computer Applications, Thapar University, Patial
Tariff rates, tariff revenue, and tariff reform : some new facts
Full text linkThe ad valorem tariff rateson specific products and the ratio of tariff revenue to import value, the collected rate, are only tenuously related, contend the authors. Using tariff and revenue data (at the tariff code line level of detail) for three developing countries, the authors compare the statutory ad valorem tariff rates (official rates) with the ratio of tariff revenues to import values (collected rates). They document four facts: (1) the collected rate for any given item of the tariff code has almost no relationship to the official rate for that item; (2) the variation of collected rates around the official rate increases as the level of the official rate increases; (3) the collected rates increase much less, on average, than one-for-one with the official rates; and (4) above a certain level, collected rates do not increase at all despite increases in official rates. Collection rates appear to level off at roughly 50 percent. (In Kenya, collected rates are lower for high-tariff than for moderate-tariff items. Assigning lower rates for the high-tariff items would actually increase revenue on those items.) The implications of these findings are twofold for calculating general revenue. The rates are not the critical determinant of revenues. The revenue implications of large rate changes can be offset by modest changes in the system of exemptions, for example. The benefit of eliminating exemptions is primarily transparency. The costs of programs that provide import exemptions for, say, regional promotion, are often hidden in customs statistics. Secondly, if pressures that cause collected rates not to increase one-for-one with tariff rates will continue to be present in any tariff regime, then these must be factored into tariff reform design.TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Export Competitiveness,Environmental Economics&Policies,Trade and Regional Integration,Economic Theory&Research
Sharma-Mittal Entropy and Coding Theorem
No full text[[abstract]]A relation between Shannon entropy and Kerridge inaccuracy, which
is known as Shannon inequality, is well known in information theory. In
this communication, first we generalized Shannon inequality and then
given its application in coding theory and discuss some particular cases
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