1,724,934 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
[[alternative]]Exploring the Tao-Lyrics-Form and the Taoist-internal-alchemy content of “Fool-Drum Lyrics” composed by Chuan-Shan Wang
No full text[[abstract]]王船山所創作之《愚鼓詞》，係以樂歌形式，表述其個人情懷及內丹思想； 歸屬道情體裁，係藉由詩詞手法表達，多用隱語及譬喻手法出之。因並非嚴整內丹學論述之作，故另須參看其《楚辭通釋》中〈遠遊〉之注解，船山認為屈原〈遠遊〉所述，若詳以王子喬仙術，及後世魏伯陽、張伯端，白玉蟾之內丹養生功法予以詮釋，均無不吻合。此與《愚鼓詞》之丹法道情，正可互相參證。船山身世遭遇有似屈原，從其作品中尋繹煉性保命之術，與安身避世之方。船山從其師友習得內丹丹法，調理身心；並藉此有用之身，融釋三教，注釋經典，實踐其重開六經生面的理想。《愚鼓詞》之內容，分為《前愚鼓樂》和《後愚鼓樂》，副題分別賦予夢授、譯夢二詞予以抒證，全文寓含船山報國之夢，及寄託未來中華文化重光之願想， 而其內容多就丹法，以文學手法加以譬況，其間深沈蘊藉之美，值得加以探尋。[[abstract]]“Fool-Drum Lyrics” composed by Chuan-Shan Wang expressed Wang’s feelings and his ideas of Taoist internal alchemy. “Fool-Drum Lyrics” was in Tao-Lyric Form and lots of metaphors in it. It was not a serious essay, and should be read with Wang’s another book “Interpretation of Chu-Lyrics” because the Chapter ‘Travel Away’ in “Chu-Lyrics” was seen as key reference of Taoist internal alchemy by later scholars. Wang’s life experiences was very much similar to that of “Chu-Lyrics”s author Qu-Yuan. They both sought for Taoist internal alchemy to protect their own lives in their chaos times. Chuan-Shan Wang described the content of Taoist internal alchemy with literature metaphors in “Fool-Drum Lyrics”. And the book was divided into pre-Fool-Drum and post-Fool-Drum, and the secondary title were ‘Grant Dream’ and ‘Interpret Dream’ separately. It meant that Chuan-Shan Wang always had dreams to the revival of his nationhood
Supplemental Material, Supplementary_figures - Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 6 Is Essential for Trophoblast Survival and Invasion
No full textSupplemental Material, Supplementary_figures for Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 6 Is Essential for Trophoblast Survival and Invasion by Lei Li, Jipeng Wan, Jing Xue, Hongyan Li, Shan Wang, Qian Zhou, Yu Zhou, and Xietong Wang in Reproductive Sciences</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
B cell regulation in autoimmune disease
No full textOur immune system protects us from both foreign antigens and self-derived autoantigens by sophisticated regulation. During an immune response, the innate and adaptive parts of the immune system closely collaborate at every stage of the response. However, abnormal and unbalanced responses can lead to harmful reactions, such as in autoimmune diseases. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is one of many autoimmune disorders affecting multiple tissues and organs, such as the skin, kidney, and cardiovascular system. And the majority of the damages observed in SLE are the direct results of autoantibodies produced by autoreactive B cells. These B cells escape from the immune tolerance and secrete self-targeted antibodies, either attacking the healthy tissues or forming antigen-antibody complex deposition that drives inflammation and tissue damage. Although the pathogenesis is not fully understood, both the innate and adaptive immune systems are involved. The aim of this thesis is to explore different mechanisms in B cell regulation, thus providing potential new clinical treatment options.In paper I we established a self-reactive mouse model by using repeated injection of inflammatory cytokine IL-18 combined with one dose of α-GalCer to activate iNKT cells. We found that there is a significant increase in anti-DNA antibodies and GC B cells. With the addition of α-GalCer, iNKT cells abolished their suppressive role and adopted an iNKTfh phenotype, which supported the production of autoreactive antibodies. Moreover, we observed increased GFP+ PC and hCD2+ GC B cells in AID reporter mice, in which the AID expression turns on GFP and also expresses hCD2. Together, our study found that there is a dominant B cell helper role of iNKT cells under inflammatory/autoimmune conditions.To further investigate the ability of iNKT cells to modulate B cells in autoimmune disease, in paper II we investigated a balance between conventional Tfh cells and unconventional iNKTfh cells in governing autoreactive B cells. With weekly AC injections, we were able to establish a SLE-like mouse model, and the co-administration of AC with α-GalCer could drive iNKTfh cells formation, which contributed to the generation of short-lived GC B cells and IgG1 autoantibodies while also affecting the generation of Tfh cells. Additionally, we observed that CD1d depletion on B cells restricted the iNKTfh cell development, B cell activation, and autoantibodies production. Also, signaling through endosomal TLRs was involved in the activation of iNKT cells and GC response after injection of self-antigens.In paper III we unveiled a novel interplay between neutrophils and iNKT cells in modulating autoreactive B cells in a CD1d-dependent manner. To address this, we performed weekly AC injections in a neutropenic mouse model and mixed bone marrow chimera mice, which allowed us to compare the cellular responses without neutrophils or neutrophils without CD1d. We found that mice deficient in neutrophils or neutrophil expression of CD1d generated more autoantibodies in an SLE mouse model. Furthermore, iNKT cells showed remodeling with altered iNKT/iNKT2 ratio and lower GATA3 expression. These findings demonstrate that neutrophils play a negative regulatory role through iNKT cells in this SLE mouse model.In paper IV we discovered a novel role of scavenger receptor CD36 in B cell regulation. CD36 is a transmembrane receptor expressed on various cells including both innate and adaptive cells and even some non-immune cells. As a pattern recognition receptor, CD36 can recognize and bind to multiple ligands. We demonstrate that in T cell-dependent immune response, CD36-deficient B cells exhibited a significant reduction in PC development, Ig class-switching, and metabolic changes. Furthermore, we found compromised autophagosome formation, which was also related to the co-localization of CD36 with autophagosome membrane protein LC3B-II. These findings prove new information on the capacity of CD36 to function as a B cell regulator and give a new possibility to generate targeted treatment for B cell malignancies.List of scientific papersI. Saikiran K. Sedimbi, Thomas Hägglöf, Manasa G. Garimella, Shan Wang, Amanda Duhlin, Ana Coelho, Katrine Ingelshed, Emma Mondoc, Stephen G. Malin, Rikard Holmdahl, David P. Lane, Elizabeth A. Leadbetter, and Mikael C.I. Karlsson. Combined proinflammatory cytokine and cognate activation of invariant natural killer T cells enhances anti-DNA antibody responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117(16):9054-9063. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920463117 II. Chenfei He*, Shan Wang*, Shengduo Pei, Marion Moreews, Alberto Del Monte Monge, Almudena R Ramiro, Curtis Cai, Marcus Buggert, Facundo D. Batista, and Mikael C.I. Karlsson. The balance between conventional and unconventional T follicular helper cells direct autoreactive B cell responses. * Equal contribution. [Manuscript]III. Shan Wang, Chenfei He, Shengduo Pei, Marion Moreews, Facundo D. Batista, Oliver Söhnlein, and Mikael C.I. Karlsson. Neutrophils function as negative regulators of B cell tolerance. [Manuscript]IV. Chenfei He, Shan Wang, Chikai Zhou, Minghui He, Jin Wang, Marcus Ladds, Danai Lianoudaki, Saikiran K. Sedimbi, David P. Lane, Lisa S. Westerberg, Shuijie Li, and Mikael C.I. Karlsson. CD36 and LC3B initiated autophagy in B cells regulates the humoral immune response. Autophagy. 2021;17(11):3577-3591. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2021.1885183 </p
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