29 research outputs found
THE PRINCIPLE OF RATIONALITY IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF MORALITY OF HUSSEIN WAZ KASHIFI
No full textThis article provided a methodological analysis of the moral and philosophical views of Hussein Waiz Kashifi. In the article, the author tries to substantiate the rational essence of Hussein Waiz Kashifi\u27s moral philosophical views. The article argues that the moral and philosophical views of Hussein Waz Kashifi have not lost their relevance today
Intertextualität in Julian Schuttings Gralslicht : von „oeheim, waz wirret dir?“ bis „Erlösung dem Erlöser!“
No full textIntertextualität in Julian Schuttings Gralslicht Von „oeheim, waz wirret dir?“ bis Erlösung dem Erlöser!“ Von Eva SchulzJulian Schuttings Gralslicht. Ein Theater-Libretto, eine Parzival/Parsifal-Rezeption, ist ein idealtypisches Beispiel für gekonntes postmodernes Spiel mit intertextuellen und intermedialen Bezügen. Die Untersuchung der Intertextualität in diesem Werk ist Gegenstand meiner Arbeit. Ein Theoriekapitel erläutert Konzepte, Kriterien, Formen, Bezugsfelder, Bezugsmöglichkeiten und Funktionen der Intertextualität. Mit konkreten Textbeispielen aus Gralslicht wird dabei die Theorie anschaulich gemacht. Nach einer kurzen Biografie des Autors und einigen seiner Aussagen zum Werk folgen Kapitel zu Form, Stil, Figuren und Inhalt, die thematisch jeweils auf ihre Beziehung zur Intertextualität hin überprüft und dargestellt werden. Ein Schwerpunkt meiner Arbeit liegt schließlich in der Entschlüsselung möglichst vieler intertextueller (und intermedialer) Verweise. Ein Hauptteil der gefundenen intertextuellen Bezüge ist den Einzeltextreferenzen zuzurechnen. Für die Belege zur Systemreferenz ergibt sich logischerweise ein erheblich weiterer Intertextualiätsbegriff. Ziel der Arbeit war es, herauszufinden, ob eine möglichst gründliche Entschlüsselung der intertextuellen Bezüge ein tieferes oder anderes Verständnis des Werks ermöglichen könne. Weitere Fragen waren, welche Bedeutung, welche Funktion der dichte Einsatz von Intertextualität in Schuttings Werk hat, was Intertextualität beim Leser bewirkt und was in Gralslicht von Wolframs von Eschenbach Parzival bleibt. Durch ein ausführliches persönliches Gespräch mit Julian Schutting am 13. Mai 2014 in Wien konnten einige Fragen zu Gralslicht geklärt werden. In einer Conclusio werden schließlich die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse meiner Arbeit zusammengefasst.Intertextualität in Julian Schuttings Gralslicht Von „oeheim, waz wirret dir?“ bis „Erlösung dem Erlöser!“ Gralslicht. Ein Theater-Libretto a perception of the Parzival/Parsifal theme by Julian Schutting is an ideal-typical example of a skillful and postmodern play with intertextual references and intermediality. The analysis of the intertextuality in this text has been the subject of this work. The chapter about the theory aims at outlining the concept, criteria, form, field of reference and the function of intertextuality. It illustrates the theory by concrete examples, taken from Gralslicht. A short Biography of the author is followed by chapters about the form, style, characters and plot of this text and their relation to intertextuality. The focus of the work lies in the decipherment of intertextual references. A main part of the identified references can be attributed directly to single texts. Those references are a deliberate, intended and sometimes even marked form of intertextuality. They refer to specific individual piece of literature and therefore are intertextual in a narrower sense. References that refer to a system of themes, on the other hand, have a broader definition of intertextuality, because they do not only refer to specific literature but to any political and social discourse of a certain period of time or to myths. It was the aim of this work to find out if a profound decipherment of the intertextual references would lead to a different or even deeper understanding of this text. Furthermore it was to discover the meaning and the function of such a density of intertextuality in Schuttings work and moreover to examine the effect on the reader. A personal interview was led with Julian Schutting on May 13th 2014 in Vienna in order to gain further insights. Finally, the main outcomes of this work were summarized in a conclusion.vorgelegt von Eva SchulzZsfassungen in dt. und engl. SpracheGraz, Univ., Masterarb., 2015 2.069
Intertextualität in Julian Schuttings Gralslicht : von „oeheim, waz wirret dir?“ bis „Erlösung dem Erlöser!“
No full textIntertextualität in Julian Schuttings Gralslicht Von „oeheim, waz wirret dir?“ bis Erlösung dem Erlöser!“ Von Eva SchulzJulian Schuttings Gralslicht. Ein Theater-Libretto, eine Parzival/Parsifal-Rezeption, ist ein idealtypisches Beispiel für gekonntes postmodernes Spiel mit intertextuellen und intermedialen Bezügen. Die Untersuchung der Intertextualität in diesem Werk ist Gegenstand meiner Arbeit. Ein Theoriekapitel erläutert Konzepte, Kriterien, Formen, Bezugsfelder, Bezugsmöglichkeiten und Funktionen der Intertextualität. Mit konkreten Textbeispielen aus Gralslicht wird dabei die Theorie anschaulich gemacht. Nach einer kurzen Biografie des Autors und einigen seiner Aussagen zum Werk folgen Kapitel zu Form, Stil, Figuren und Inhalt, die thematisch jeweils auf ihre Beziehung zur Intertextualität hin überprüft und dargestellt werden. Ein Schwerpunkt meiner Arbeit liegt schließlich in der Entschlüsselung möglichst vieler intertextueller (und intermedialer) Verweise. Ein Hauptteil der gefundenen intertextuellen Bezüge ist den Einzeltextreferenzen zuzurechnen. Für die Belege zur Systemreferenz ergibt sich logischerweise ein erheblich weiterer Intertextualiätsbegriff. Ziel der Arbeit war es, herauszufinden, ob eine möglichst gründliche Entschlüsselung der intertextuellen Bezüge ein tieferes oder anderes Verständnis des Werks ermöglichen könne. Weitere Fragen waren, welche Bedeutung, welche Funktion der dichte Einsatz von Intertextualität in Schuttings Werk hat, was Intertextualität beim Leser bewirkt und was in Gralslicht von Wolframs von Eschenbach Parzival bleibt. Durch ein ausführliches persönliches Gespräch mit Julian Schutting am 13. Mai 2014 in Wien konnten einige Fragen zu Gralslicht geklärt werden. In einer Conclusio werden schließlich die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse meiner Arbeit zusammengefasst.Intertextualität in Julian Schuttings Gralslicht Von „oeheim, waz wirret dir?“ bis „Erlösung dem Erlöser!“ Gralslicht. Ein Theater-Libretto a perception of the Parzival/Parsifal theme by Julian Schutting is an ideal-typical example of a skillful and postmodern play with intertextual references and intermediality. The analysis of the intertextuality in this text has been the subject of this work. The chapter about the theory aims at outlining the concept, criteria, form, field of reference and the function of intertextuality. It illustrates the theory by concrete examples, taken from Gralslicht. A short Biography of the author is followed by chapters about the form, style, characters and plot of this text and their relation to intertextuality. The focus of the work lies in the decipherment of intertextual references. A main part of the identified references can be attributed directly to single texts. Those references are a deliberate, intended and sometimes even marked form of intertextuality. They refer to specific individual piece of literature and therefore are intertextual in a narrower sense. References that refer to a system of themes, on the other hand, have a broader definition of intertextuality, because they do not only refer to specific literature but to any political and social discourse of a certain period of time or to myths. It was the aim of this work to find out if a profound decipherment of the intertextual references would lead to a different or even deeper understanding of this text. Furthermore it was to discover the meaning and the function of such a density of intertextuality in Schuttings work and moreover to examine the effect on the reader. A personal interview was led with Julian Schutting on May 13th 2014 in Vienna in order to gain further insights. Finally, the main outcomes of this work were summarized in a conclusion.vorgelegt von Eva SchulzZsfassungen in dt. und engl. SpracheGraz, Univ., Masterarb., 2015 2.069
Assessment of Nutritional Status among Children Aged 1–under 5 years old in Aswan city, Egypt
No full textBackground: Malnutrition remains a significant public health issue in Egypt, affecting children under-five. This study assesses the nutritional status of children aged 12 to 59 months in Aswan City using WHO growth standards. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,104 children aged 12–59 months. Anthropometric measurements were collected, and Z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ), BMI-for-age (BAZ), and mid-upper arm circumference (MUACZ) were calculated based on WHO 2007 growth standards. Results: The mean Z-scores for WAZ and HAZ were negative across both sexes, indicating mild undernutrition, with males showing slightly lower values than females. WHZ and BAZ scores were comparable. MUACZ scores also indicated undernutrition in both sexes, with no statistically significant differences between them (P > 0.05). The prevalence of malnutrition among children was 11.5% for stunting, 8.1% for wasting, 4.3% for underweight, and 8.2% for low MUACZ scores. Overnutrition, including overweight and obesity, was observed in 11.3% of children. Overall, 24.1% (266 children) experienced undernutrition, with a 25% overlap among undernutrition categories, while 11.3% (125 children) were overnourished. Conclusion: The findings indicate a dual burden of malnutrition, with both undernutrition and overnutrition present among children under-five in Aswan City. Public health interventions should focus on addressing stunting and wasting while preventing overweight and obesity
One-year anthropometric follow-up of South African preterm infants in kangaroo mother care : which early-life factors predict malnutrition?
No full textDATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT :
The datasets generated and analysed during the current
study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable
request.BACKGROUND : Preterm infants often have poor short- and long-term growth. Kangaroo
mother care supports short-term growth, but longer-term outcomes are unclear.
METHODS : This study analysed longitudinally collected routine clinical data from a
South African cohort of preterm infants (born <37 weeks gestation) attending the
outpatient follow-up clinic of a tertiary-level hospital (Tshwane District, South Africa)
for 1 year between 2012 and 2019. At 1 year, small-for-gestational age (SGA) and
appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) infants were compared with regard to agecorrected
anthropometric z-scores (weight-for-age [WAZ], length-for-age [LAZ],
weight-for-length [WLZ] and BMI-for-age [BMIZ]) and rates of underweight
(WAZ + 2).
Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate associations between maternal/infant
characteristics and rates of underweight, stunting, wasting and overweight.
RESULTS : At 1 year, compared with AGA infants (n = 210), SGA infants (n = 111)
had lower WAZ (1.26 ± 1.32 vs. 0.22 ± 1.24, p < 0.001), LAZ (1.50 ± 1.11
vs. 0.60 ± 1.06, p < 0.001), WLZ (0.66 ± 1.31 vs. 0.11 ± 1.24, p < 0.001) and BMIZ
(0.55 ± 1.31 vs. 1.06 ± 1.23, p < 0.001), despite larger WAZ gains from birth
(+0.70 ± 1.30 vs. +0.05 ± 1.30, p < 0.001). SGA infants had significantly more
stunting (34.2% vs. 9.1%; p < 0.001), underweight (31.2% vs. 7.2%; p < 0.001)
and wasting (12.6% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.012), with no difference in overweight
(4.5% vs. 7.7%, p = 0.397). In multiple regression analysis, birth weight-for-GA
z-score more consistently predicted 1-year malnutrition than SGA.
CONCLUSION : Preterm-born SGA infants remain more underweight, stunted and wasted
than their preterm-born AGA peers at 1 year, despite greater WAZ gains. Interventions
for appropriate catch-up growth especially for SGA preterm infants are needed.http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/tmiam2024Human NutritionPaediatrics and Child HealthStatisticsSDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein
The effectiveness of interventions to treat severe acute malnutrition in young children: a systematic review
No full textSevere acute malnutrition (SAM) arises as a consequence of a sudden period of food shortage and is associated with loss of a person’s body fat and wasting of their skeletal muscle. Many of those affected are already undernourished and are often susceptible to disease. Infants and young children are the most vulnerable as they require extra nutrition for growth and development, have comparatively limited energy reserves and depend on others. Undernutrition can have drastic and wide-ranging consequences for the child’s development and survival in the short and long term. Despite efforts made to treat SAM through different interventions and programmes, it continues to cause unacceptably high levels of mortality and morbidity. Uncertainty remains as to the most effective methods to treat severe acute malnutrition in young children.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to treat infants and children aged < 5 years who have SAM.Data sourcesEight databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, CAB Abstracts Ovid, Bioline, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, EconLit EBSCO and The Cochrane Library) were searched to 2010. Bibliographies of included articles and grey literature sources were also searched. The project expert advisory group was asked to identify additional published and unpublished references.Review methodsPrior to the systematic review, a Delphi process involving international experts prioritised the research questions. Searches were conducted and two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts for eligibility. Inclusion criteria were applied to the full texts of retrieved papers by one reviewer and checked independently by a second. Included studies were mapped to the research questions. Data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken by one reviewer and checked by a second reviewer. Differences in opinion were resolved through discussion at each stage. Studies were synthesised through a narrative review with tabulation of the results.ResultsA total of 8954 records were screened, 224 full-text articles were retrieved, and 74 articles (describing 68 studies) met the inclusion criteria and were mapped. No evidence focused on treatment of children with SAM who were human immunodeficiency virus sero-positive, and no good-quality or adequately reported studies assessed treatments for SAM among infants < 6 months old. One randomised controlled trial investigated fluid resuscitation solutions for shock, with none adequately treating shock. Children with acute diarrhoea benefited from the use of hypo-osmolar oral rehydration solution (H-ORS) compared with the standard World Health Organization-oral rehydration solution (WHO-ORS). WHO-ORS was not significantly different from rehydration solution for malnutrition (ReSoMal), but the safety of ReSoMal was uncertain. A rice-based ORS was more beneficial than glucose-based ORSs, and provision of zinc plus a WHO-ORS had a favourable impact on diarrhoea and need for ORS. Comparisons of different diets in children with persistent diarrhoea produced conflicting findings. For treating infection, comparison of amoxicillin with ceftriaxone during inpatient therapy, and routine provision of antibiotics for 7 days versus no antibiotics during outpatient therapy of uncomplicated SAM, found that neither had a significant effect on recovery at the end of follow-up. No evidence mapped to the next three questions on factors that affect sustainability of programmes, long-term survival and readmission rates, the clinical effectiveness of management strategies for treating children with comorbidities such as tuberculosis and Helicobacter pylori infection and the factors that limit the full implementation of treatment programmes. Comparison of treatment for SAM in different settings showed that children receiving inpatient care appear to do as well as those in ambulatory or home settings on anthropometric measures and response time to treatment. Longer-term follow-up showed limited differences between the different settings. The majority of evidence on methods for correcting micronutrient deficiencies considered zinc supplements; however, trials were heterogeneous and a firm conclusion about zinc was not reached. There was limited evidence on either supplementary potassium or nicotinic acid (each produced some benefits), and nucleotides (not associated with benefits). Evidence was identified for four of the five remaining questions, but not assessed because of resource limitation.LimitationsThe systematic review focused on key questions prioritised through a Delphi study and, as a consequence, did not encompass all elements in the management of SAM. In focusing on evidence from controlled studies with the most rigorous designs that were published in the English language, the systematic review may have excluded other forms of evidence. The systematic review identified several limitations in the evidence base for assessing the effectiveness of interventions for treating young children with severe acute malnutrition, including a lack of studies assessing the different interventions; limited details of study methods used; short follow-up post intervention or discharge; and heterogeneity in participants, interventions, settings, and outcome measures affecting generalisability.ConclusionsFor many of the most highly ranked questions evidence was lacking or inconclusive. More research is needed on a range of topic areas concerning the treatment of infants and children with SAM. Further research is required on most aspects of the management of SAM in children < 5 years, including intravenous resuscitation regimens for shock, management of subgroups (e.g. infants < 6 months old, infants and children with SAM who are human immunodeficiency virus sero-positive) and on the use of antibiotics.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Technology Assessment programme.<br/
The first 5 years of the family clinic for HIV at Tygerberg hospital: Family demographics, survival of children and early impact of antiretroviral therapy
No full textBackground: Family clinics address the problems of HIV-infected children and their families. The aims were to document demographics of the children and caregivers attending the Family Clinic for HIV at Tygerberg Academic Hospital (TAH) and to investigate factors affecting disease progression in children. Methods: A retrospective folder review of children and parents attending the Family Clinic at TAH between January 1997 and December 2001, a period noted for its lack of antiretroviral treatment. Results: Of 432 children seen for testing, 274 children, median age 16.9 months, were HIV-infected. During follow-up, 46 children died (median age 23 months) and 113 were lost to follow-up. The majority of children were malnourished. Those <2 years of age had lower weight for age Z-scores (WAZ) than older children (p<0.001). At presentation, 47 per cent were in clinical stage B and two-thirds had moderate or severe CD4+ T cell depletion. Seventeen children had received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), 12 dual and 31 monotherapy. HAART was associated with improved survival compared to dual or monotherapy. Risk of death was reduced from eleven-fold for a WAZ <-4 to four-fold between -2 and -3. There was no association with immunological and clinical classification at entry and risk of mortality. Only 18 per cent of parents were evaluated in the clinic. Non-parental care was documented for 25 per cent of families. Conclusions: A low WAZ is associated with poor survival in children. Nutritional status should receive more attention in HIV disease classification in children. Parent utilization of the clinic was inadequate. Even in the absence of HAART, extended survival in children is possible. © The Author [2005]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.Articl
Hormonal correlates and predictors of nutritional recovery in malnourished African children
No full textBackground Malnourished children show variable growth responses to nutritional rehabilitation. We aimed to investigate whether these differences could be explained by variations in growth and energy-regulating hormones. Methods Quasi-experimental study: Children aged 6-24 months in rural Gambia were recruited to controls if weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) > -2 (n = 22), moderate acute malnutrition if WHZ -3 (n = 18) or severe acute malnutrition if WHZ < -3 (n = 20). Plasma hormone and salivary CRP levels were determined by ELISA. Results In univariable analyses, increases in weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) in malnourished children were positively correlated with insulin (F-ratio 7.8, p = 0.006), C-peptide (F-ratio 12.2, p < 0.001) and cortisol (F-ratio 5.0, p = 0.03). In multivariable analysis, only baseline C-peptide (F-ratio 7.6, p = 0.009) predicted the changes in WAZ over 28 days of interventions. Conclusion In rural Gambian, malnourished children, although it cannot be used in isolation, baseline C-peptide was a predictor of future response to rehabilitation. © © The Author [2017]. Published by Oxford University Press
Infant growth by INTERGROWTH-21st and Fenton Growth Charts : predicting 1-year anthropometry in South African preterm infants
No full textDATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT :
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.Post-natal growth influences short- and long-term preterm infant outcomes. Different growth charts, such as the Fenton Growth Chart (FGC) and INTERGROWTH-21st Preterm Post-natal Growth Standards (IG-PPGS), describe different growth curves and targets. This study compares FGC- and IG-PPGS-derived weight-for-postmenstrual age z-score (WZ) up to 50 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA50) for predicting 1-year anthropometry in 321 South African preterm infants. The change in WZ from birth to PMA50 (ΔWZ, calculated using FGC and IG-PPGS) was correlated to age-corrected 1-year anthropometric z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-length (WLZ) and BMI-for-age (BMIZ), and categorically compared with rates of underweight (WAZ + 2). Multivariable analyses explored the effects of other early-life exposures on malnutrition risk. At PMA50, mean WZ was significantly higher on IG-PPGS (−0.56 ± 1.52) than FGC (−0.90 ± 1.52; p + 1 predicted larger percentages overweight (57% vs. 38%). Both charts performed similarly in multivariable analysis. Differences between FGC and IG-PPGS are less apparent when considering ΔWZ, highlighting the importance of assessing growth as change over time, irrespective of growth chart.https://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/mcnhj2024Human NutritionPaediatrics and Child HealthStatisticsSDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein
