158 research outputs found
Rural to Urban Migration in Pakistan : The Gender Perspective
No full textThis paper analyses gender dimensions in rural to urban migration (age 10 years and above) in Pakistan. The study is based on Labour Force Surveys 1996-2006. The findings of the study show that overtime internal migration (age 10 years and above) remained unchanged. Female migrants dominate in internal migration (age 10 years and above). In case of female migration, marriage plays a vital role. Further the direction of migration reveals that over time in internal migration the share of rural to urban migration has increased while urban to urban migration declined, however, the share of urban to urban migration remains highest in internal migration. Females are dominating in recent rural to urban move compared to long term and total rural to urban migration. Gender composition of intra-provincial move of rural to urban migration reveals that in all provinces female migrants are dominated. Further, the trend of intra and inter provincial move indicates that in all provinces long distance movement of females has increased. Not only the share of female migrant in rural to urban migration increased but there seems to be an increasing trend in family migration to cities. This seems to be due to the changes in agrarian structure and rural economy particularly increased in landless households, declined in share cropping and rise in small land holding. In addition to this , the trend in intra and inter-provincial move reveals that except in province of NWFP in all three provinces migration to long distance has an upward trend. Gender composition reveals that in all these three provinces the proportion of both male and female migrants increased over time.Rural to Urban Migration, Agrarian Structure
2,4,6-Trichlorophenylhydrazine Schiff Bases as DPPH Radical and Super Oxide Anion Scavengers
No full textSynthesis, enzyme inhibition and anticancer investigation of unsymmetrical 1,3-disubstituted ureas
No full textIn this research work seventeen urea derivatives, including five new
derivatives N-mesityl-N'-(3-methylphenyl)urea (2),
N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-N'-(3-methylphenyl)urea (4),
N-mesityl-N'-(4-methylphenyl)urea (6),
N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-N'-(3-methylphenyl)urea (9) and
N-(2-methylphenyl)-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinecarboxamide (15) have synthesized by
reacting ortho, meta and para tolyl isocyanate with primary and secondary
amines by previously reported method. We exhibited all series (1-17) to
urease, β-glucuronidase and snake venom phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibition
assays. The ranges of % inhibition for urease, β-glucuronidase and
phosphodiesterase enzymes were 0.3-45.3, 4.9-44.9 and 1.2-46.4 %
respectively. Moreover, the effect of these compounds on prostate cancer cell
lines was also observed. The new compound
N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-N'-(3-methylphenyl)urea (9) showed in vitro
anticancer activity with IC50 value of 78.28 ± 1.2 μM. All the compounds were
characterized by state of art spectroscopic techniques
In vitro morphogenic response and metal accumulation in Albizia lebbeck (L.) cultures grown under metal stress
No full text
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Pioglitazone in Pharmaceuticals, Serum and Urine Samples
No full textA rapid and reliable analytical method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection (221nm) has been developed for the determination of the anti-hyperglycemic agent Pioglitazone in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids (serum and urine) after clean-up with solid-phase extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a Chromolith® Performance RP-18e (100×4.6mm) column using mobile phase composition of acetonitrile: mixed phosphate buffer (pH 2.5; 10mM) (30:70, v/v) with a flow rate of 2.0mL/min. The total run time was 2 min. under optimized conditions. The calibration curve was found to be linear in the range of 1-10 µg mL-1 with regression coefficient of 0.9996, and the lower limit of detection 72 ng/20µL injection. The method has been validated for the system suitability, linearity, precision and accuracy, limits of detection, specificity, stability and robustness. The %recovery of Pioglitazone in pharmaceutical formulations was found to be 104.7%. The assay has been applied successfully to the pharmaceutical Tablet samples and biological fluids (serum and urine) of healthy volunteers
An Expedient Approach to the Synthesis of Chloroacetic, Dichloroacetic and Acetic Acid Catalyzed by Sulfuric Acid in the Presence of Crown Ethers.
No full textChemInform Abstract: A Rapid and Efficient CsF Catalyzed Tandem Knoevenagel—Michael Reaction.
No full textSimultaneous determination of anti-diabetic drugs
No full textA novel reverse phase, isocratic HPLC method is described to separate five anti-diabetic drugs i.e., glimepiride, metformin, sitagliptin, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. Nucleosil C18 analytical column was used as stationary phase, while mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:phosphate buffer: methanol (40/40/20, v/v) pH 2.0. Effluent was monitored at a flow rate 1 mL/min and detected at wavelength of 240 nm. This research produced excellent chromatography over a wide concentration range of 25‑10000 ng/mL. Sepprated and well resolved quantifiable peaks were obtained and test results were linear in this range. Correlation coefficient of more than 0.9990 was witnessed as well as Low %RSD values i.e., maximum 2.0% documented excellent precision of the method. Good recoveries from pharmaecutical (99-101%), urine and plasma samples (>96%) in a range of concentrtion granted very good linearity, accuracy and precision. The projected method has satisfactory applications in quality control of these molecules as well as quantification of these molecules in urine and plasma samples
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