104 research outputs found
The Impact of Effective Colour Management for Textile Coloration: An Instrumental Way Towards Perfection
No full textThe colour produced by the application of either dyes or pigments on textiles must be close matched with reference (standard) provided by buyer. Meeting stringent requirement from Buyer that demands right colour on right time is not a simple task to achieve. The process of colour matching is a lengthy process and needs many trials to get close match. The colour quantification through instruments helps to cut most of the lead time, however, there is a serious need to manage colour during colour approval stage and coloration process. We adopted four different routes for colour approval and compared with the conventional one. The study revealed that out of four instrumental options, the 4th option had shortest route and minimum lead time. We also concluded that by using spectrophotometer, K/S (Colour Strength) and colorimetic values are very good to not only communicate colour numerically but also controlling colour during colour approval process
Looking at the Traces of Islamic Education in Saudia Arabia (Study of the History of Islamic Education)
No full textThis research aims to find out the names of Islamic educational institutions, and to find out some of the names of educators and Islamic education figures. In this research the author uses historical methods or historical methods. The historical method consists of data collection, source criticism, interpretation and finally historiography. The research approaches used in this research are the geographical approach, sociological approach, educational approach and historical education. The results of this research are A) Saudi Arabia has 34 universities, with details of 26 state universities, namely: 1) Universitas Raja Saud, 2) Universitas Islam Madinah, 3) Universitas Raja Fahd untuk Perminyakan dan Mineral, 4) Universitas Raja Abdul Aziz, 5) Universitas Islam Imam Muhammad bin Saud, 6) Universitas Raja Faisal, 7) Universitas Umm Al-Qura, 8) Universitas Raja Khalid, 10) Universitas Qashim, 11) Universitas Taibah, 12) Universitas Ta\u27if, 13) Universitas Raja Saud bin Abdul Aziz untuk Ilmu Kesehatan, 14) Universitas Al-Bahah, 15) Universitas Ha\u27il, 16) Universitas Al-Jauf, 17) Universitas Jazan, 18) Universitas Najran, 19) Universitas Tabuk, 20) Universitas Putri Nurah binti Abdurrahman, 21) Universitas Al-Hudud Asy-Syamaliyyah, 22) Universitas Dammam, 23) Universitas Pangeran Salman bin Abdul Aziz, 24) Universitas Syaqra, 25) Universitas Al-Mujamma\u27ah, dan 26) Universitas Elektronik Saudi. dan 9 Perguruan Tinggi Swasta, yaitu: 1) Universitas Pangeran Sultan, 2) Universitas Terbuka Arab, 3) Universitas Internasional Al-Madinah, 4) Universitas Al-Yamamah, 5) Universitas Raja Abdullah untuk Sains dan Teknologi, 6) Universitas Al-Faisal, 7) Universitas Pangeran Muhammad bin Fahd, 8) Universitas Pangeran Fahd bin Sultan, dan 9) Universitas Darul \u27Ulum. B) several figures and educators in Saudia Arabia are: 1) Ibn Taimiyyah Rahimahullah, 2) Muhammad Ibn Abd Al-Wahab Rahimahullah, 3) Abdul Aziz bin Shalih bin Nashir bin Abdurrahman Alu Shaikh rahimahullah, 4) Syaikh Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah bin Baz Rahimahullah, dan 5) Syaikh Muhammad bin Shalih al-Utsaimin Rahimahullah
Erosion in Steam General Tubes in Boiler and ID Fans in Coal Fired FBC Power Plant
Full text linkThe FBC (Fluidized Bed Combustion) is a technique used to make solid particles behave like fluid and
grow very fast for the power generation using low grade coal. Due to its merits, first time this technology
has been introduced in Pakistan by installing 3x50 MW power plants at Khanote. Fluidized beds have
long been used for the combustion of low-quality, difficult fuels and have become a rapidly developing
technology for the clean burning of coal. The FBC Power Plant at Khanote has been facing operational
and technical problems, resulting frequently shut down of generation units, consequently facing heavy
financial losses.
This study reveals that due to the presence of high percentage of silica in the lime stone that are further
distributed in the bottom ash, fly ash and re-injection material, the generation tubes in the boiler and
wings/blades of ID (Induced Draft) fans were eroded. In addition, filter bags were also ruptured; resulting
frequent shut down of power plant units
Biogenic Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles on a Green Support as a Reusable Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Nitroarene and Quinoline
No full textIntoxication and self-defence : a comparative study of principles of English law and Shari'ah
Full text linkThe study is based upon an analysis of the general principles of criminal liability in English law and Shari 'ah. It is hoped that it may provide a valid basis for discussion of the future development of criminal law.
The relationship between law and society is an organic one and this relationship in Shari'ah is based on revelatory text of precepts, law, and admonitions. Shari'ah is an
essential part of faith of every Muslim; a sound knowledge of its principles not only gives him a sense of inner fulfilment but enables him to order his life according to the dictates of his religion. On the other hand, in English law, religious beliefs and private morality might be viewed as not a matter for law. Religion is in that context generally conceived as a spiritual sphere of supra-human connotation distinct from law, which is basically a secular concern.
Both the systems of law under consideration are different in their sources and nature. English law, being a positive law, finds its source in legislation and other recognised
sources. Shari 'ah is a divine ordinance imposed upon people without having a freedom of choice and it has its roots in its primary sources, the Holy Qur'an, and the Sunnah.
However, the revelatory nature of Shari'ah does not render it entirely inflexible and immutable. The finality of authoritative legal texts is confined only to a limited number of injunctions in the primary sources. The secondary sources provide flexibility to meet the changing requirements of society. A legal system should strike a fair balance between flexibility and inflexibility of legal rules. A very flexible system of law may lead to inconsistencies, illogicalities and at the same time may be subject to abuse by judges while a rigid system, which leaves no room for judicial discretion is likely to
lead to injustice in certain cases. It is submitted that the very flexible nature of English law has left it full of inconsistencies and illogicalities, despite the appropriate use of judicial discretion.
The research offers a general view of modern thinking about the theoretical foundations and methodology of Shari'ah Shari 'ah recognises a variety of sources and methods from which a rule of law might be derived. Part-I of the thesis discusses the evolving principles of Islamic jurisprudence from their rudimentary sources. The specific relationship between socio-religious reality and the production of theoretical legal discourse is illustrated in Part-11 and III while dealing with the problem of intoxication
and private defence in society. It suggests that Shari'ah provides a framework in which the complex and sometimes competing needs of an individual and society can be fairly
apportioned.
The research will demonstrate that there is a well developed system of criminal law in Shari'ah that can be compared with the most developed and civilised criminal law of the contemporary world, for example, English criminal law. In order to compare the compatibility of both the legal systems, the approaches of both towards the problems of intoxication and self-defence have been taken as a parameter. Though Shari 'ah provisions seem to be predominantly prescriptive as compared to English criminal law, the comparison will show that it can provide practical solutions to problems faced by human society of any age. Shari 'ah being a revealed law is proactive in its nature. It takes action to cause changes and not only react to a change when it happens. This particular feature can be felt while dealing with the problem of intoxication. English
criminal law, on the other hand, being a positive law bears the characteristics of a reactive law. It reacts to events or changes rather than acting first to cause change or
prevent something. Another major difference between the two legal systems might be that English criminal law has passed through many evolutionary phases and reached at the present stage through the efforts of the political power and the state; whereas, Muslim states and governments throughout the centuries neither had a hand in the development of Islamic jurisprudence nor in the training and certification of jurists or jurisconsults whose task it was to formulate the law.
History suggests that using the combined forces of religion, morality and law Shari'ah has effectively eradicated social evils and created a peaceful environment for human coexistence, where every one can enjoy his rights without a fear of infringement by the others. In cases of infringement of such rights, the offender shall be liable to severe punishments. The principles of criminal liability are on a par with the corresponding principles of the English criminal law. While protecting the rights of the victim of the crime, Shari'ah does not ignore the rights of the offender for fair trail, impartial justice and liability for punishment proportional to the offence committed by him. At the same time it recognises excuse and justification defences under appropriate circumstances, as
it will be evident while comparing the defences of intoxication and self-defence with the same in English criminal law.
The study reveals that there are similarities and differences between English law and Shari'ah when considering the issue of crime and criminal liability. However, this may be considered as normal phenomenon of comparing any two different legal systems. The differences can be attributed to their sources, origin, history and nature of the social values to be protected. Similarities can be ascribed to zeal for social justice and stability.
The study of differences and similarities will provide an opportunity to illuminate our understanding of law and the process of its development. As both the systems have their
own methodology to tackle legal issues, a different approach to the similar problem will provide a fresh insight leading to revitalised solutions. It will also be helpful to understand the methodology and the legal reasoning of both the systems leading towards a better understanding of law in general and at the same time providing efficient means for improvement
History of Urdu language and literature down to 1720.
Full text linkI. The available material dealing with this subject is very seanty, largely unscientific, and often based on second-hand information. Even the Catalogue have many mistakes in them. Therefore it was necessary to study the original Urdu and Persian manuscripts (both literary and historic) in the British Museum, India Office Library, Edinburgh University Library, and the Bibliotheque National, Paris.;II. New Discoveries. a. Nearly 70 poets hitherto unknown are here discussed, see list of Marsia-writers, p. 297. The others are: 1. Atishi 2. Muqimi 3. Khushnud 4. Amin 5. Nahmud 6. Feroz 7.Shaugi 8. Khisli 9. Ghulam'Ali b. The following Urdu works were also not known before: 1. Qutub Mushtari of Vajhi; 2. Padmavat of Ghulam 'Ali; 3. Jusuf Zalikha of Khushnud; 4. The Diwan of Rustumi (Not contained in any European Library).;III. Some misunderstandings about important writers have been corrected: 1. The author of Hasht Behisht is Khushnud, not Muhammad Shah (p. 121). 2. The author of Candar Badan-o-Mahyar is Muqimi, nor Aziz (p. 103). 3. The real author of Bahram-o-Banu Husn was Amin, not Daulat who only completed it (p. 107). 4. Information given about this Daulat, otherwise unknown (p. 123). 5. The name of Kamal kha was Rustumi, not Rasmi (p. 114); information given about his Khavar Nama (p.p. 114-117). 6. The name of Junaidi was not Shaikh Ahmad but 'Ali Akbar (p. 212). 7. Nusrati Guldasta-e-'Ishq not a masnavi but a collection of ghazals (p. 146). 8. Ibn-e-Nashati not translated a Tuti Nama (p. 216). 9. The Dah Majlis attributed to Vali Aurangabadi really by Vali of Vellore (p. 263). 10. Confusion about certain poets cleared up: (a) The 4 poets called Amin (pp. 106, 221 and 255). (b) " 4 " " Nuri (pp. 109 and 227). (c) " 3 " " Mirza (pp. 160 and 229). (d) Mashim and Hashimi (pp. 152 and 284).;IV. Much new information based on MS. Study about: 1. Vajhi (p. 189) 2. Rustumi (p. 114) 3. Nusrati (p. 126) 4. Ibn-e-Nashati (p. 213) 5. Hashim 'Ali (p. 284).;V. The writer has here presented some new views about the origin and development of Urdu. In this connection he has taken advantage of his belonging to the Dakhan in discussing the divergence between the northern and southern forms of Urdu
Physical Properties of Aqueous Sodium Salt Solution of α-Methylalanine (Na-AMALA)
No full textAbstractThe density, viscosity and refractive index of aqueous sodium salt of α-methylalanine (Na-AMALA) have been measured over the temperature range from (298.15 to 333.15) K in the mass fraction range of (0.05 to 0.30). Based on the results obtained, the three physical properties of the aqueous Na-AMALA solutions were found to decrease with the increasing temperature and increase with increasing concentration. Each physical property was correlated as a function of temperature by least-squares method, and the corresponding coefficients for each property were reported here. All properties were correlated well over the whole range of temperatures and concentrations. The determination of the thermal expansion coefficients of Na-AMALA solutions by using measured density was shown increased consistently with the increasing the temperatures and concentrations
Rare earth metal promoters (La, Ce, Nd, Sm) on nickel-supported Al2O3 catalysts for ammonia decomposition
No full textAmmonia is the 2nd most widely produced chemical, storing 17.6 wt% of hydrogen, but the economic generation of hydrogen from it needs a more affordable solution. Hence, replacing precious metals, such as ruthenium (Ru), with inexpensive nickel (Ni) is desirable. In this study, a series of rare-earth metals (La, Ce, Nd and Sm) promoted nickel nanoparticles supported on alumina (Al2O3) have been investigated for ammonia decomposition. Here, 3, 5 and 10 % promoters loaded on 50 wt% Ni on Al2O3 have been prepared and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, H2-TPR and XPS. HRTEM and elemental mapping reveal a homogeneous distribution of La-promoters on the surface of Ni nanoparticles with an average size within a narrow range of 31 nm. Catalyst 5%La/Ni/Al2O3 demonstrates 90 % ammonia decomposition activity at 500 ℃, outperforming the 5%Ce/Ni/Al2O3 under the optimized gas hourly speed velocity (GHSV) of 20,400 mL/gcat/h. respectively. The impact of promoters on 50%Ni/Al2O3 can be established as 5%La > 5%Ce > 5%Sm > 5%Nd catalyst. Optimizing 5%La loaded catalyst showed better catalytic activity than 10%La in terms of ammonia decomposition. The 5%La/Ni/Al2O3 and 5%Ce/Ni/Al2O3 catalysts retained their stability for an extended period of time (65 h). The experimental findings are substantiated by first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which provide insights into the catalytic reaction pathway. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of La into the Ni(111) surface significantly reduces the activation energy for NH3 dissociation, thereby promoting enhanced catalytic efficiency for ammonia cracking.The authors gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) Hydrogen Consortium for funding this work through project No. H2FC2312. This research used Shaheen III managed by the Supercomputing Core Laboratory at King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST) in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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