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SHAFI?I USUL THOUGHT IN LATE THIRD-CENTURY AH: EDITION, TRANSLATION, AND INTERPRETATION OF CHAPTERS ON USUL AL-FIQH IN AL-WADA?I?
No full text0Ibn Surayj, a prominent figure in the formative period of the Shafi?i law school, has played an important role in both the transformation of Shafi?i substantive law and the development of early Islamic legal theory. Ibn Surayj reportedly wrote approximately four hundred works, few of which are extant today. Thanks to his contribution to the school, he is known as "the second al-Shafi?i (al-Shafi?i al-saghir);" indeed, according to some modern scholars, Ibn Surayj is the true founder of the Shafi?i school and Islamic legal theory. Although Ibn Surayj's works on Islamic law are no longer available, the later chapters of al-Wada?i? li-mansus al-shara?i?, one of his two extant works, bear the following titles: abrogation (naskh), prophetic traditions (sunan), singletransmitter report (khabar al-wahid), consensus (ijma?), analogy (qiyas), and knowledge (?ilm). This study presents the edition and translation of relevant titles in al-Wada?i? to provide Ibn Surayj's views on usul. In addition, this paper discusses Ibn Surayj's place in the evolution of Islamic legal theory, and how Ibn Surayj interprets alShafi?i's understanding of usul
The relationship between ilm and khabar in the work of al-Shafii
No full textThis study examines in detail the basis of al-Shafi`i's arguments for the
supremacy of oral tradition over communal legal practice. It concentrates on one
broad issue, the definition of `ilm (knowledge) and one technical issue, the problem
of authenticating a particular khabar (oral tradition or report, plural akhbar, ) and its
binding nature, especially a report of the category known as the specialists' report
(khabar al-khassa). On the first issue, this study examines the concept of knowledge
based on reports (`ilm al-khabar) because it had an important influence on al-Shafi`i.
This is followed by a detailed account of al-Shafi`i's own discussion of `ilm. It brings
out clearly that al-Shafi`i means religious law when discussing `ilm. It also shows
how knowledge of religious law can be obtained. Al-Shafi`i's approach is to restrict
the argument to knowledge of specialised and debatable points, rather than what is
generally accepted. He seeks to prove the indispensability in this area of specialists'
knowledge of reliable documentation external to the law itself. The following chapter
deals with the question of authenticating a khabar from the Prophet (a hadith), not as
purely technical question but within a polemical context in which the practical
difficulty of authenticating a khabar was used by those opposed to the intellectual
dominance of oral tradition as a reason not to use the khabar. In the final chapter al-
Shaf i's arguments with two identifiable schools of opposing thought, ahl al-kaläm
and ahl al-figh, are examined in detail. The thesis as a whole gives a significant
insight into the efficacy and durability of al-Shafi`i's arguments, not so much by
defeating his opponents' arguments but by buttressing those of the defenders and
advocates of oral tradition
Kontribusi imam al-nawawi dalam pengembangan madhhab shafi?i
No full textIn the history of Sha> fi'i>?s madhhab, the figure of Imam
al-Nawa> wi> has a very significant role. The results of his ijtiha>d is
always used as a Sha>fi`iyah scholar reference, even when the
scholars differed in opinions, then his idea regarded as "the end" of
that difference dispute. This paper, intended to explore why the
figure of al-Nawa> wi> have such a privileged position in the
madhhab Sha> fi'i>. Through the historical approach, the author have
found the answer to that. First, al-Nawa> wi> is seen as a unifier Sha>
fi'i>?s madhhab. In his hands, two school of Sha>fi?i> madhhab,
Khurasan and Iraq can be reconciled. Second, Al-Nawa> wi> have
managed to put the principles tarji>h}, to select the strongest opinion
from a variety of opinion among al-Sha> fi'i>?s madhhab. Therefore,
al-Nawa>wi> is known as the al-mujtahid al-murajjih} or mujtahid
al-tarji>h, the mujtahid who are not just memorize the ijtiha>d of
Imam al-Sha>fi?i>, but know the sources of Imam al-Shafi?i?s opinion,
able to describe and explain his opinion, make an analogy (qiya>s)
related to his opinion in problem solving, even select a strong
opinion among opinions that exist
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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