45 research outputs found
Studies on Indian species of the genus Aeliomorpha Stal (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae).
No full textDie Gattung Aeliomorpha wird in zwei Untergattungen eingeteilt: Aeliomorpha S. Str. und Distantietta Subgen. n. Eine Bestimmungstabelle der indischen Arten der Gattung Aeliomorpha Stal wird ebenfalls mitgeteilt. Zwei neue Arten, A. (A.) coimbatorensis sp. n. und A. (D.) viridis sp. n., werden beschrieben und mit Illustrationen dargestellt.Nomenklatorische HandlungenDistantietta Azim & Shafee, 1987 (Aeliomorpha), sgen. n.coimbatorensis Azim & Shafee, 1987 (Aeliomorpha (Aeliomorpha)), spec. n.viridis Azim & Shafee, 1987 (Aeliomorpha (Distantiella)), spec. n.The genus Aeliomorpha is divided into two subgenera: Aeliomorpha S. Str. and Distantietta Subgen. n. A key to Indian species of the genus Aeliomorpha Stal is also provided. Two new species A. (A.) coimbatorensis sp. n. and A. (D.) viridis sp. n. are described and illustrated.Nomenclatural ActsDistantietta Azim & Shafee, 1987 (Aeliomorpha), sgen. n.coimbatorensis Azim & Shafee, 1987 (Aeliomorpha (Aeliomorpha)), spec. n.viridis Azim & Shafee, 1987 (Aeliomorpha (Distantiella)), spec. n
Contemporary explanations for Sunan Nasaie: A study of sheikh Muhammad Ali Adam approach in his commentary Zakhirah al-’Uqba / Romzi Taleh
No full textThe purpose of this research is to study the methodology of Mohammad bin Ali Adam al-Ethiopi in his work, “Zahirah al-„Uqba fi Sharh al-Mujtaba”. This work consists of writings and lectures on Sunan al-Nasa‟i al-Sughra written by Imam al-Nasa‟i. The focus of this study is on the science of narration and analysis of texts applied in the work. This study also introduces Imam al-Nasa‟i‟s work, Sunan al-Nasa‟i, and its position among other books of hadith collections. The biography of Mohammad bin Ali Adam is also introduced based on authoritative sources of reference, besides interviews with his students and followers. This study uses an analytical approach in order to identify the methodology employed by Mohammad bin Ali Adam in his analysis of the hadiths in Sunan al-Nasa‟i, as well as criticisms directed towards him. In producing this study, the writer used the comparison method, by comparing the methods applied in Zahirah al-„Uqba and in al-Shanqiti‟s Shuruq Anwar al-Minan al-Kubra. Zahirah al-„Uqba is a contemporary study of Sunan al-Nasa‟i which is difficult to find nowadays. In order to produce this study, the author studied the hadiths with the utmost care. The uniqueness of this analysis is its thoroughness, introducing readers to the hadiths and the problems contained in Sunan al-Nasa‟i. The author was consistent with the method applied in the study. The author also referred to the study by al-Shanqiti that was written before Zahirah al‟Uqba. However, the author added a few points such as lataif al-isnad besides focusing on the differences between Sunan al-Nasa‟i and the original writing, al-Sunan al-Kubra. Results of the study show that the author focused on the academic issues contained in the writings without being influenced by the source of the various opinions. Harsh criticisms and insults towards other scholars are nowhere to be found in this work. Instead, the author shows respect to scholars who provided insight, as every student should do
Islamic Education in Kenya. Selected Aspects
No full textOne of the most significant features of the modern countries in Africa is that an alien educational method was brought there from Europe and was combined with the indigenous African or Islamic educational structures and institutions. The new educational system, described as secular, conflicted especially with those existing systems which were religious in nature. Western education was, however, hard to resist because of all the advantages it contained in terms of preparing Africans for a new economic structure and technology, and the accompanying job opportunities. This led to the following dilemmas: Was it possible to combine the traditional and modern systems of education? Was it possible to modernise without eliminating the religious element of the educational system?
These questions summarise the main problematic with which the Muslim scholars of the East African coast were confronted at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century’s. It was the time when the Arab Islamic civilisation provided the ideal model for Muslim practice and conduct as a new European model of life was emerging. And all this was taking place in a particular cultural context, Swahili. Some leaders of the Swahili Islamic community realized that there was no alternative to modifying their traditional system of education and opening it to the modern tendencies. One of these leaders was Sheikh al-Amin b. Ali al-Mazrui. Through his various activities, teaching and writings, he strongly influenced the educational development of Islam in East Africa.
This paper presents some aspects of Islamic education in Kenya, where the traditional Islamic concept of education has encountered one of its greatest challenges: modern education. The clash between these two entirely different concepts created some problems and brought into question even fundamental elements of the previous system. Consequently, the mediaeval structure of the Quranic school was modernized and a new form, the madrasa, emerged, this also highlighted the problem of female education, so that, eventually, Muslim girls were allowed to acquire a proper education. The educational problems that arose on the East African coast at the beginning of the past century are reflected in the life activity of Sheikh al-Amin. His legacy and the clash between these two concepts had far-reaching consequences, which continue today.
The particular focus of this work concerns aspects of the educational system of the East African coast at the beginning of the twentieth century. This is of great personal interest since the author has had the opportunity of working as a Catholic missionary in various Kenyan schools where he experienced the mission challenges of Islam in Kenya
Continuous metadata flows for distributed multimedia
No full textThe practical use of temporal multimedia has increased markedly in recent years as enabling technologies for the distribution and streaming of media have become available. As a part of this trend, hypermedia systems and models have adapted accordingly to incorporate such distributed multimedia for presentation. Structured interpretation of information has long been a fundamental feature of both open hypermedia systems and knowledge systems. Metadata, in its many forms, has become the cornerstone for providing this structured knowledge above and beyond basic data and information. This thesis presents the rationale and requirements for continuous metadata, which supports the metadata accompanying distributed multimedia throughout the lifecycle of streamed media, from generation, through distribution, to presentation. Throughout this process it is the temporal and continuous nature of the metadata which is paramount. A conceptual framework for continuous metadata is proposed to encapsulate these principles and ideas. Continuous metadata and the associated framework enable the development, in particular, of real-time, collaborative, semantically enriched distributed multimedia applications. Experience building one such system using continuous metadata is evaluated within the framework. An ontology is developed for the system to enable the collation, distribution, and presentation of structure aiding navigation of multimedia, and it is shown how continuous metadata utilising the ontology can be distributed using multicas
Arkæologiske undersøgelser i fire arabiske stater
No full textArcheological Investigations in Four Arab States.The Danish archeological investigations in the countries along the shores of the Arabian Gulf were continued in the spring of 1959, with excavations in the Principalities of Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar and Abu Dhabi, and with reconnaissance extended to the western coast of the Oman peninsula and to the oases around Buraimi. 27 archeologists and assistants, and several hundred local labourers, took part in these investigations, with the author as Director and Geoffrey Bibby as Deputy Director. The main party left Denmark 13th January, and work commenced in Bahrain and Qatar 16th January, in Kuwait 20th January, and in Abu Dhabi 20th February. The season concluded at all sites about 1st April.In Bahrain previous years' excavations at Bahrain's prehistoric capital at Qala'at al-Bahrain were continued; Hans Berg and Karen Frifelt excavated further rooms in the large building 1), including one with remains of a 'throne' (Fig 1), while at the city wall 2) Egon Hansen discovered a workshop for the stamp-seals characteristic of the Dilmun-culture of the Second and Third Millennia BC 3), so that they can now with certainty be regarded as characteristic types of the new culture group which ran the trade between the Sumerians in Mesopotamia and the Indus civilisation. In the temples at Barbar, Hellmuth Andersen and Peder Mortensen completed their investigations of the central core of the earliest stage 4), and on the western side uncovered new large constructional features. Here the uncovering of the western ramp 5) led to an important new discowery, at it was shown to lead down to a 'well-temple', in the centre of which stood a stone vessel with three holes in the sides just above the bottom, to allow the subsoil-water to run out of it (Fig. 2). This ramp had been in use during both the first and second stages of the temple, and had thus not formed an entrance to the temple as was at first thought. This also gives a better explanation of the large stone blocks which lie in two rows on either side of the ramp, and in which we may assume that wooden figures of gods stood 6). In addition, Harald Andersen, Mogens Ørsnes and Knud Riisgård investigated four Iron-Age burial mounds south of the Budaiya road, discovering stone cists 7) containing, among other objects, pottery and glass. Frode Visti was in charge of the camp and of conservation.In Qatar the excavation was continued of a large town area at Murwab on the west side of the peninsula dating to the middle of the First Millennium BC, by Eigil Knuth and Knud Dalgaard-Knudsen, while Viggo Nielsen excavated several of the burial mounds at Umm alMa 8), and in addition carried out excavations on the Stone-Age settlement of Mesolithic date at Al-Wusail 9), characterized by a tanged blade-arrowhead of which about fifty, in addition to numerous fragments, were found. West of Al-Wakrah a new field of rock-carvings was investigated by P. V. Glob. The carvings consisted mainly of cup-marks arranged in patterns similar to those earlier found south of Al-Furaihah 10), though several new subjects were noted. This season the investigations in Qatar were extented to cover ethnographical studies by Klaus Ferdinand among the Na'im and Murra tribes (Fig. 3), while at the same time Mrs. Jette Bang took a documentary film in colour.On the island of Failaka in Kuwait excavation continued at the "tell" of Sa'ad on the southwest point of the island11 ), Dr. Aage Roussell, Dr. Åke Fredsjo, Oscar Marseen, Erik Spjæt Christensen and Jørn Glob taking part in the work. Here a series of dwelling-rooms was uncovered, and in them ridged pottery and 35 stamp-seals of steatite and blanks for seals show that the settlement belongs to the Dilmun culture and that this type of seal was also manufactured here. In the "tell" of Sa'aid nearby Erling Albrectsen, Georg Kunwald, Gunnar Lange-Kornbak and Arne Thorsteinsson dug in the remains of the Greek occupation 14). The large site here has proved to be an acropolis surrounded by ramparts and a deep moat, and containing a temple of which only a small portion has as yet been excavated (Fig. 4). Our investigations here were also assisted by Imran Abdo, of the Kuwait Museum.In Abu Dhabi, a burial tumulus and a contemporary settlement were investigated by Harald Andersen, Mogens Ørsnes and Knud Risgård on the island of Umm an-Nar, while the same team, together with Bibby and Glob, carried out a reconnaissance of' the area around Buraimi, where a group of about 200 stone burial cairns was discovered at Nudud al-Jahal. The majority of these cairns were about two metres high and about 12 metres in diameter (Fig. 5). The reconnaissance was continued by Bibby and Glob from Buraimi northward through the western part of the Oman peninsula as far as Ras al-Khaimah. In the course of the journey flintsites and tells were located and mapped.As in previous years the investigations on Bahrain were made possible by a large grant from the Carlsberg Foundation in Copenhagen, while contributions were also received from the Government of Bahrain and the oil company BAPCO. For help and hospitality there we thank the Ruler of Bahrain, His Highness Sheikh Sulman bin Hamad Al-Khalifah, and His Excellency Sheikh Isa bin Sulman Al-Khalifah, the Secretary to the Government, Mr. G. W. R. Smith, and the Vice President of BAPCO, Mr. M. H. Lipp. The investigations on Failaka were financed by the Government of Kuwait, for which we thank the Ruler, His Highness Sheikh Abdullah AlSalim Al-Sabah, and the Minister of Education, His Excellency Sheikh Abdullah Al-Jabir Al-Sabah. In carrying out the work we were greatly assisted by the Director of Education, Mr. Abdulaziz Hussein, and the Deputy Director, Mr. Darwish Miqdadi. The work in Qatar was made possible by grants from local sources, and for them we are deeply grateful to the Ruler, His Highness Sheikh Ali bin Abdullah Al-Thani, and to the General Manager of the oil company QPC, Mr. P. R. A.Ensor, while much welcome assistance was rendered to us by the Adviser to the Government, Mr. G. M. Hancock, and by Sheikh Jasem bin Mohammed bin Jasem Al-Thani. In Abu Dhabi our work was followed with great interest by the Ruler, His Highness Sheikh Shakbut bin Sultan bin Zaid, and by His Excellency Sheikh Zaid bin Sultan bin Zaid, while we received invaluable assistance from the oil company ADMA, and from its representative in Abu Dhabi, Mr. I. Cuthbert.A colour film for BAPCO of the work of the expedition was taken this year by Mr. J. Underwood, while our work was introduced to a wider circle through Ib Rene of the Danish State Radio, Svend Aage Lorentz and Henning Bendtsen of Danish Television, and by Adam Wiehe, journalist, and Karl Bovin, artist, who was sent out by the Art Society of the Carlsberg Breweries.As in earlier years the Danish archeologists have, throughout the large area which our researches have gradually come to cover, everywhere been met with cordial hospitality and a ready willingness to assist from friends both old and new among the residents in these many lands. Their help has been of inestimable value to the progress and success of the expedition. P. V. Glo
Connexin Defects Underlie Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy In a Novel Mouse Model
No full text#The authors wish it to be known that, in their opinion, the first two authors contributed equally to this work and should be regarded as joint first author
An experiment in contextualised comparative hermeneutics : a reading of Genesis 1-11 in the context of parallel Qur'anic material and Christian mission amongst Muslims in Elswick, Newcastle upon Tyne.
No full textA reappraisal of attitudes to the 'People of the Book' in the Qur'an and hadith, with particular reference to Muslim fiscal policy and the covenant of 'Umar
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
AIDS Treatment in South Asia: Equity and Efficiency Arguments for Shouldering the Fiscal Burden When Prevalence Rates are Low
No full textThe slower spread of AIDS in South Asian countries, combined with the fact that most South Asian countries have higher per capita incomes than the most severely affected countries of other regions imply that the various impacts of the disease will be smaller in South Asia than in the worst affected countries in other regions. While justified with respect to the impact of the disease on economic output, on poverty, or on orphanhood, this conclusion does not follow with respect to the health sector, where the relatively minor public role in health care delivery and the entrepreneurial and heterogeneous private health and pharmaceutical sectors combine to magnify the potential impact of the epidemic. This paper uses recent epidemiological data on the extent and rate of spread of HIV/AIDS in South Asian countries and alternative scenarios regarding future government efforts to expand access to AIDS treatment in order to estimate the future need for antiretroviral treatment in South Asian countries and the fiscal burden that their governments will shoulder if they decide to provide or finance all of the needed care. Since AIDS treatment cannot be presumed to slow HIV transmission and may speed it, the usual argument for paying for such treatment with public funds is on equity grounds—that it will prevent poverty and orphanhood. Indeed this paper estimates that public financing of AIDS treatment might avert poverty for about three percent of the Indian population, for example. However, data on the quality of private health care in India suggests that another effect of publicly produced AIDS treatment would be to crowd out lower-quality private AIDS treatment, thereby preventing some of the negative spillovers of poor quality private treatment. The paper closes by arguing on efficiency grounds that the government role in AIDS treatment should encompass both regulation of the private sector and support for quality “structured” AIDS treatment in the public sector.AIDS, HIV, South Asia
Ахмед Хилми (1865-1913) от Филибе и неговият суфитски шедьовър “A‘маак-ъ Хaяаль” (Дълбините на фантазията) (Ahmed Hilmi (1865-1913) from Filibe and his sufi masterpiece “A‘maq-i Khayal” (The depths of fantasy)
No full textAhmed Hilmi was born (1865) and spent his childhood in the Ottoman city of Filibe (now Plovdiv in Central Bulgaria). Later his family moved to Istanbul where he lived most of his “conscious” life. Nevertheless Hilmi has perpetuated his relation to Bulgaria by putting the name of his birth town in front of his own name.
In 1901 Ahmed Hilmi was exiled because of his political views by the Sultan Abdulhamid the Second to the town of Fizan (in Libya) where he started dealing with Sufism and entered the Arusi order. In different periods of his life he published the newspapers “Çaylak” (in Egypt), “Coşkun Kalender” (in Bursa) and “Hikmet” (in Istanbul) and about 40 books. He died unexpectedly in 1914 and was buried nearby Fatih Mosque in Istanbul.
Ahmed Hilmi is famous for his deep knowledge of both Sufism and western philosophy. The most prominent works of the author are in the fields of religion, philosophy, logic and politics and it can be said that most of them -at least as titles- sound totally popular even for the contemporary reader. Some of Hilmi’s printed works are: The Islamic World and Europe in the Twentieth Century: A Political Guide for the Muslims (1911); Muslims Listen! (1910); Islam and the Religion of the Future; New Logic; Is It Possible to Deny God (1911, a book dealing with the whole history of philosophy, both eastern and western, trying to analyze them; Islamic Mysticism; The Science of Monotheism; The Materialist Delusions in the Presence of Science (1914); Three Philosophers; Sheikh Bedreddin; The Bektashis; History of Islam: (refutation of Dozy’s Islamic History); Finally (but not last) in this list is the collection of Sufi stories called “The Depths of Fantasy”.
The stories in “The Depths of Fantasy” are not only conceptually connected but at the same time they follow a common composition which starts when the main character Raji after a series of long wanderings and spirituals tortures aroused by the problems of the existence and non-existence, finds himself in a cemetery where he comes upon the second main character Aynali Baba (“Mirror-Father”): an old man who has decorated his hat with pieces of broken mirrors. During the first conversation Ayanli Baba prepares a coffee. This drink helps Raji get rid of everyday life’s burden and arranges his senses for a first contact with the metaphysical world, which takes part in the second story titled “The Hill of Naught”. When the coffee drinking finishes and the old man starts playing his flute (nay) and quotes some love poems, Raji falls asleep and dives into the depths of fantasy.
From this point on, for a period of nine days the coffee and the sounds of the flute constantly accompany Raji’s next submergences into the world of fantasies: each described in a separate story. In all these stories the main character finds himself in a different place, is transformed into something new and meets a number of well-known or unfamiliar people: prophets, scholars, wise men etc. In “The Naught Hill” he lands in India where he meets Buddha; in “Feast for the Eyes” in the role of an Iranian gets together with Zoroaster and participates indirectly as a spectator and directly as a fighter in a 40-day long battle between Ahriman’s light and Ormuzd’s darkness in which prevails the goddess of love Isida; In “Eternal Cycle” he goes through states in which for periods lasting millions of years he embodies millions of organisms. In the next story called “The Meeting of the Wise” Raji is already “His Majesty the Yellow Devil”; in “The Arena of Mightiness” he visits the planets Mars and Jupiter. Here the author uses completely scientific terminology from the field of astronomy as “double stars” and “solar eruptions”; in “Kaf and Anka” the main character is an Indian prince; in “Eternal Mystery” he is a Chinese sacrificing his soul’s immortality in order to learn the answer of the eternal mystery; in the story by the title “The Gathering of the Mighty” the main character attends a gathering at which are present: Abraham, Moses, Adam, Confucius, Plato, Aristotle, Zoroaster, Brahma, Jesus, Lokman, Khidr, Buddha and Mohammed who try answering the question that always has moved mankind: What is happiness? But after all these transformations Raji wakes up and returns to his own essence. Actually he is an excellent example of a substantial movement: his external forms are constantly changing but Raji’s essence remains the same.
Two of Ahmed Hilmi’s most interesting stories are found in the second part of the book titled “The Lunatic Asylum in Manisa”. Here the author who has combined successfully a fascinating composition and a Sufi concentrate proves to be a real connoisseur of the Sufi knowledge. The two stories called “Mejnun with Leyla” and “Mejnuns without Leylas” are based on the following mystery: Does the Arabic letter “Alif” come from the full stop or vice versa ( an equivalent of the well-known problem of the egg and the hen)
