1,720,954 research outputs found
Insurance Surpluses in Insurance Companies
No full text1- الفائض التأميني: هو ما تبقى من أقساط التأمين التي يدفعها "المستأمنون" في "شركة التأمين الإسلامية" وعوائدها بعد أداء التعويضات والمصروفات، وتجنيب الاحتياطيات والمخصصات. وهو مملوك "للمستأمنين" دون غيرهم من حملة الأسهم؛ لأن "المستأمنين" هم الذين تبرعوا بما يخص الأضرار، وما زاد عنها يكون مملوكا لهم. ويتم توزيعه عليهم وفق عدة طرق، أجيزت جميعها؛ لكن يشترط للعمل بإحدى هذه الطرق أن ينص عليها في النظام الأساسي للشركة. أما عند عدم النص؛ فيعمل بالطريقة التي نقضي بتوزيع الفائض على جميع المستأمنين دون تفريق بين من أخذ تعويضا وبين من لم يأخذ. 2- الأصل في حجز فانض سنة عن التوزيع، أو ترحيله إلى سنة قادمة، أو استخدامه في تعويض خسارة سنة أخرى عدم الجواز؛ كن يستثنى من ذلك ما إذا في وجد نص في النظام الأساسي للشركة يقضي بقيامها بهذه التصرفات نيابة عن المستأمنين؛ لما في ذلك من تحقيق المصلحة لهم والتعاون بينهم. 3- في حالة انتهاء وثيقة التأمين للمستأمن قبل نهاية السنة المالية للشركة، يستحق المستأمن الفائض عن المدة التي بقيها كشريك ولا يستحقه عن المدة اللاحقة، وتحسب حصته على أساس القسط والمدة. وفى حالة تغير ملكية العين المؤمن عليها وتحولها إلى مالك جديد؛ يعطي الفائض للمالك القديم الذي دفع القسط؛ إلا إذا تنازل للجديد. وفى حالة انقضاء الشركة؛ يحول الاحتياطي المتراكم إلى وجوه الخير والبر. 4- كل أموال الشركة بما فيها الفائض التأميني تكون خاضعة للزكاة. 1 - surplus insurance: Is the rest of the insurance premiums paid by the insured in the "Islamic Insurance Company" and its earnings after the performance of the compensation and expenses, and set aside reserves and provisions. It is owned by the insured without other shareholders; because the insured are the ones who have donated what concerns damages. What is left of these donations belongs to the insured. This being allowed, the sum is distributed among them by several means, all of which have been approved; but it is essential to work through one of these methods that it is approved by the Statute of the company. But, if there is now statement of approval, the surplus should be distributed to all without distinction between custodians who received compensation and those who did not. 2 - It is not allowed originally to keep the surplus on year without distribution, or transferring it to the following year, or using to compensate for losses of another year. The exception is if the original system of the company allows acting on behalf of the insured because this achieves the best benefit and cooperation among them. 3 - In the event of termination of the policy of the insured by the end of the company's fiscal year; the insured has the right to the surplus for time of partnership but not for the ensuing period. His sum is calculated on the basis of his installment and duration. In the case of change of the property insured and its transformation to a new owner; the surplus is given to the old owner who paid the installment; unless he gives his share up to the new owner. In the case the company's dissolution all accumulated extras are donated to charity. 4 - All company funds, including excess insurance money are subject to '' Zakat "
The Regulations for Exchanging Endowments in Islamic Jurisprudence and Contemporary Law
No full textيهدف هذا البحث إلى تأصيل مسألة: استبدال الوق
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
