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Singapur, ABD, Türkiye ders kitaplarında sayılar alt öğrenme alanındaki soruların bilişsel istem düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması
No full textBu çalışmanın amacı 8. sınıf seviyesinde yapılan Uluslararası Matematik ve Fen Eğilimleri Araştırmasında (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study [TIMSS]) sayılar alt öğrenme alanına ait konular temel alınarak Singapur’u, ABD’yi ve Türkiye’yi temsil eden 5.- 8. sınıf ders ve çalışma kitaplarındaki soruların TIMSS bilişsel düzeylerine göre karşılaştırılmasıdır. Araştırmanın verileri doküman analizi yapılarak toplanmış ve 8. sınıf TIMSS bilişsel düzeylerine göre kodlanmıştır. Bu araştırmada nitel yöntemlerden biri olan betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Singapur’u, ABD’yi ve Türkiye’yi temsil eden 5. sınıf matematik kitaplarında sayılar alt öğrenme alanında bilgi düzeyinde yer alan soruların yüzdelerinin sırasıyla %85 (333), %85 (4855), %67 (780) ve uygulama düzeyindekilerin %12 (49), %13 (756), %29 (340) olduğu görülmektedir. Akıl yürütme düzeyindeki dağılımın ise Singapur için %3 (11), ABD için %1 (72) ve Türkiye için %4 (41) olduğu saptanmıştır. Benzer bir araştırma 6. sınıf matematik kitaplarındaki sorular çerçevesinde yapıldığında bilgi düzeyindeki soruların Singapur, ABD ve Türkiye kitaplarında %55 (177), %67 (1547), %69 (90); uygulama düzeyindeki soruların ise %42 (135), %27 (628), %31 (40) oranlarında yer aldığı görülmektedir. Akıl yürütme düzeyindeki soruların Singapur’u temsil eden kitapta %3 (8) oranla, ABD’yi temsil eden kitapta %5 (120) oranla yer almakta olduğu fakat Türkiye’yi temsil eden kitapta akıl yürütme düzeyinde hiç soru bulunmadığı görülmektedir. 7. sınıf matematik kitaplarındaki sorular TIMSS bilişsel istem düzeylerine göre incelendiğinde, bilgi düzeyindeki soruların Singapur kitabında %69 (512), ABD kitabında %60 (1353), Türkiye kitabında %60 (222); uygulama düzeyindeki soruların ise sırasıyla %24 (177), %37 (845), %38 (142) olduğu saptanmıştır. 7. sınıfta akıl yürütme düzeyindeki soruların Singapur’da %7 (48), ABD’de %2 (47) ve Türkiye’de %1 (5) oranında olduğu görülmüştür. Bu ülkeleri temsil eden 8. sınıf kitaplarındaki sorular bilişsel istem düzeylerine göre kategorize edildiğinde Singapur, ABD ve Türkiye’de sırasıyla bilgi düzeyindeki soruların %48 (75), %69 (316), %68 (149); uygulama düzeyindeki soruların %32 (50), %25 (115), %30 (65) oranında olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sınıf seviyesindeki akıl yürütme düzeyindeki sorulara bakıldığında ise Singapur kitaplarında %20 (31), ABD kitaplarında %6 (28), Türkiye kitaplarında %3 (6) oranında bu tür soru olduğu saptanmıştır. Genel sonucu görebilmek için 5.-8. sınıf kitaplarında sayılar alt öğrenme alanındaki soruların bilişsel istem düzeylerine göre toplamının dağılımı belirlenmiştir. Buna göre Singapur, ABD ve Türkiye için bilgi düzeyindeki soruların yüzde dağılımı sırasıyla %68 (1097), %75 (8071), %66 (1241); uygulama düzeyindeki soruların yüzde dağılımı ise %26 (411), %22 (2344), %31 (587) şeklindedir. Akıl yürütme düzeyinde yüzde olarak en fazla soru %6 (98) oranıyla Singapur kitaplarında yer almaktadır. Singapur’un ardından gelen ABD (267) ve Türkiye (52) %3 ile eşit oranlara sahiptir. Fakat ABD ile Türkiye’nin akıl yürütme yüzdeleri eşit olsa da soru sayısına bakıldığında ABD kitaplarında Türkiye’nin 5 katından fazla akıl yürütme sorusu olduğu görülmektedir. Türk öğrencilerin TIMSS matematik alanında daha başarılı olabilmeleri için ders kitaplarındaki soru sayısının arttırılması ve öğrencilerin bilişsel istem düzeyi daha yüksek sorularla karşılaşmasına olanak sağlanması tavsiye edilmektedir.
The aim of this study is to compare the cognitive demand levels of questions, in the content domain of numbers in the 5th through 8th grade textbooks/workbooks used in Singapore, the US and Turkey. The data for this study was gathered using document analysis. This data was then coded according to the cognitive demand levels used in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). This is a qualitative study that utilizes descriptive analysis. Based on the results obtained, the percentage of questions according to cognitive demand level of knowing was 85% (333), 85% (4855), 67% (780) respectively in the Singaporean, the US, and Turkish 5th grade textbooks. That of applying was 12% (49), 13% (756), 29% (340) and that of reasoning was 3% (11), 1% (72), 4% (41) in Singapore, the US and Turkey respectively. Similar results were found for 6th grade textbooks, where Singapore, the US and Turkey had 55% (177), 67% (1547), 69% (90) of knowledge and 42% (135), 27% (628), 31% (40) of application questions respectively. Reasoning questions formed 3% (8) of the number related questions in Singapore, and 5% (120) of them in the US, but there were no questions in this category in Turkey’s 6th grade mathematics textbooks. When the cognitive demand levels of questions in the 7th grade mathematics textbooks representing Singapore, the US, and Turkey were analyzed, the distribution of knowledge questions was found to be 69% (512), 60% (1353), 60% (222); that of applying was 24% (177), 37% (845), 38% (142), and that of reasoning was 7% (48), 2% (47), 1% (5) respectfully. When the cognitive demand levels of questions were analyzed in these countries’ 8th grade textbooks, questions requiring knowing was found to be 48% (75), 69% (316), 68% (149), of applying was found to be 32% (50), 25% (115), 30% (65) in Singapore, the US and Turkey respectively. When reasoning questions were analyzed at this grade level, the percentages were determined to be 20% (31) for Singaporean, 6% (28) for the US, and 3% (6) for Turkish textbooks. In order to obtain the final result of this study the total number of questions in each of the three cognitive demand levels were calculated for 5th through 8th grade textbooks according to the specific country. According to these findings, in Singaporean, the US and the Turkish textbooks, the distribution of questions requiring knowing were 68% (1097), 75% (8071), 66% (1241) and those requiring applying were 26% (411), 22% (2344), 31% (587) respectively. The highest percentage (6%, number 98) of reasoning questions were found in the Singaporean textbooks. This was followed by the US and Turkish textbooks that both contained 3% reasoning questions; though the US (267) contained far more reasoning questions than that of Turkey (52). Percentagewise the US and Turkish textbooks may look the same but the US textbooks had more than five times the number of reasoning questions Turkish textbooks had. In order to increase Turkish students’ level of success in TIMSS, it is recommended that both the number and cognitive demand levels of questions in the Turkish mathematics textbooks are increased
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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