1,376 research outputs found
Sevincer_Online_Appendix – Supplemental material for Taking Responsibility for Others and Use of Mental Contrasting
No full textSupplemental material, Sevincer_Online_Appendix for Taking Responsibility for Others and Use of Mental Contrasting by A. Timur Sevincer, Tanja Musik, Alina Degener, Annika Greinert and Gabriele Oettingen in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin</p
PSPB-18-533.R2_Supplement – Supplemental material for Taking Responsibility for Others and Use of Mental Contrasting
No full textSupplemental material, PSPB-18-533.R2_Supplement for Taking Responsibility for Others and Use of Mental Contrasting by A. Timur Sevincer, Tanja Musik, Alina Degener, Annika Greinert and Gabriele Oettingen in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin</p
Alkohol und Zielbindung
No full textAlcohol narrows individuals’ perspectives on the most salient aspects of a situation and leads them to ignore peripheral information. We hypothesized that intoxicated individuals strongly commit to goals without considering their expectations of success, because alcohol leads them
to focus on the desired outcomes rather than on the probability of attaining the outcomes. In Study 1, intoxicated participants strongly committed to goals despite bleak prospects for goal attainment. In Study 2, once sober again, participants did not follow up on their strong commitments. In Study 3, intoxicated participants disproportionally focused on the desired outcomes and this leaded them to strongly commit to their goals. Apparently, alcohol creates strong goal commitments by narrowing individuals’ perspectives on the desired outcomes.
However, intoxicated individuals’ commitments are empty as they are not based on individuals’ expectations of success and do not foster goal striving over time.Alkohol führt dazu, dass Personen disproportional auf saliente Aspekte einer Situation fokussieren und periphere Aspekte schlechter verarbeiten. Wir haben untersucht, ob alkoholisierte Personen sich stark an Ziele binden, ohne ihre Erfolgserwartungen zu berücksichtigen, weil Alkohol dazu führt, dass Personen disproportional auf die erwünschten Ereignisse fokussieren anstatt auf die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Zielerreichung. In Studie 1 haben sich alkoholisierte Teilnehmer trotz niedriger Erfolgserwartungen stark an ihre Ziele gebunden. In Studie 2 haben die Teilnehmer sobald sie wieder nüchtern waren ihre Ziele nicht im Einklang mit ihren starken Zielbindungen verfolgt. In Studie 3 haben alkoholisierte Teilnehmer disproportional auf die erwünschten Ereignisse fokussiert und dies führte dazu, dass sie sich stark an ihre Ziele gebunden haben. Anscheinend führt Alkohol zu starken Zielbindungen. Diese Zielbindungen sind jedoch ‚leere’ Zielbindungen, weil sie nicht auf Erfolgserwartungen basieren und nicht tatsächliches Zielverhalten über die Zeit beeinflussen
Mentale Kontrastierung und Problemlösen in romantischen Beziehungen
No full textMental contrasting, a self-regulation strategy, promotes behavior change. We hypothesized that mental contrasting enhances problem-solving in romantic couples, and we explored whether this effect depends on the perceived importance and solvability of the problem. In Experiment 1 (N = 274), among individuals in predominantly satisfied relationships, mental contrasting (vs. indulging) improved the perceived resolution of solvable problems—except for problems of highest importance, which we found to be more severe. In Experiment 2 (N = 270), among individuals in less satisfied relationships, mental contrasting (vs. indulging and a concentration task) increased mental engagement with more severe problems. In Experiment 3 (N = 105 couples), when both partners in predominantly satisfied relationships participated, mental contrasting (vs. indulging) improved the perceived problem resolution for problems of highest importance. Additionally, mental contrasting increased men’s self-disclosure, promoted acceptance in response to self-disclosure, and made women more selective in suggesting solutions. Overall, when used individually, mental contrasting fosters resolution of relatively solvable, less severe problems within 2 weeks. For the most important, often more severe problems, mental contrasting elicits mental engagement, indicating a commitment to resolve the problem. When used by both partners, mental contrasting fosters resolution of even the most important problems and facilitates openness between partners. Mental contrasting could be a valuable tool in relationship interventions and prevention programs for individuals and couples
Counterfactual thinking
No full textCounterfactual thinking focus on how the past might have been, or the present could be, different. These thoughts are usually triggered by negative events that block one’s goals and desires. Counterfactual thoughts have a variety of effects on emotions, beliefs, and behavior, with regret being the most common resulting emotion. Counterfactual means, literally, contrary to the facts. Sometimes counterfactuals revolve around how the present could be different (“I could be at the movies instead of studying for this exam”). More frequent, however, are counterfactual thoughts of what might have been, of what could have happened had some detail, or action, or outcome been different in the past
Political Ideology Outdoes Personal Experience in Predicting Support for Gender Equality
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Mental Contrasting and Energization Transfer to Low-Expectancy Tasks
No full textSupplementary Material for article Mental Contrasting and Energization Transfer to Low-Expectancy Tasks
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