144 research outputs found
Short Communication: Benthic macroinvertebrate diversity as biomonitoring of organic pollutions of river ecosystems in Central Java, Indonesia
No full textWibowo DN, Setijanto, Santoso S. 2017. Short Communication: Benthic macroinvertebrate diversity as biomonitoring of organic pollutions of river ecosystems in Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 671-676. Benthic macroinvertebrates are mainly aquatic insects that spend most of their lives in the freshwater ecosystems. The physical, chemical, and biological conditions of rivers have a direct influence towards aquatic insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera EPT) which make them good indicators of stream water quality. We examined the use of benthic macroinvertebrates diversity as a biomonitoring tool to assess organic pollution levels in three rivers in Purwokerto city during March to October 2011. Our objective was to test the sensitivity of benthic macroinvertebrates especially Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) diversity to organic pollution levels reflected by biological oxygen demand (BOD) concentrations. A total of 27 sites with different BOD levels were surveyed in three different rivers (Logawa, Banjaran, and Pelus) during the period of March to October 2011. The results revealed no correlation of benthic macroinvertebrate diversity (EPT index) to BOD levels. It could be concluded that in the use of EPT index as bioindicators of waters condition, the number of samples, sampling time, and location should be considered.</jats:p
Miswak users’ behavior model based on the theory of planned behavior in the country with the largest Muslim population
No full textTaufan Bramantoro,1 Navilah Karimah,2 Agung Sosiawan,1 Raden Darmawan Setijanto,1 Titiek Berniyanti,1 Retno Palupi,1 Gilang Rasuna Sabdho Wening1 1Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; 2Dental Medicine Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Background: Maintaining proper oral hygiene has an influence on oral health. Religious obedience may influence individual behavior. According to Islamic religious guidance, as recommended by an Islamic role model, it is obligated to maintain oral health and the recommended tool to use is miswak. Purpose: To describe miswak users’ behavior based on the theory of planned behavior. Subjects and methods: The population of this study was the students of As-Salafi Al-Fitrah Islamic Boarding School who used miswak regularly and were healthy physically and mentally. One hundred and nine samples were chosen randomly and asked to complete a semi-open and a closed-ended questionnaire. Results: Perceived behavioral control had the most dominant influence toward improving intention with β=0.211 and p<0.05. In contrast, attitude and subjective norms had less influence toward improving intention with β=0.190 and p>0.05, and β=0.164 and p<0.0001, respectively. Meanwhile, perceived behavioral control showed direct correlation toward action in model parameter with β=0.445 and p<0.0001. Conclusion: Perceived behavioral control is the most dominant predisposing factor in increasing intention and attitude of miswak use. Keywords: attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intention, miswak us
Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL): Fish Biodiversity and the Ecological Role
No full textTwo life stages of fish were sampled to examine the fish biodiversity and the ecological role of Segara Anakan lagoon (SAL). The fish were observed in during 2004 – 2014 while the larvae were sampled twice monthly during the full moon and dark periods in daylight hours only over 11 month periods (Novembre 2005 to Septembre 2006) at 10 sites located at SAL, Cilacap. Each trip two samples of the high tide and low ebb periods were taken from each station. The mature fish were sampled at Klaces and Karanganyar. The fish were also collected from fisherman. At least 90 genera of 48 family (65 mature fish and 64 larvae) were recorded at SAL. Gobbidae (range between 67.3 – 72.9 %) and Engraullidae (16.7 – 19.3 %) are the two most abundant larvae captured. Of the fish, at least 40 genera belongs to 16 families are of resident species that inhabit SAL for whole their life cycles. In other hand, 50 genera belongs to 31 families use SAL as temporary habitat (migratory). This finding suggests the important ecological role of SAL for fish.
Keywords : segara anakan lagoon, biodiversity, ekological rol
Potensi Antibakteri dari Ekstrak Kapang Tanah Asal Kampus Institut Pertanian Bogor Terhadap Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli
No full textAntibiotik merupakan senyawa aktif yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme
atau dibuat secara semisintesis dimana dalam konsentrasi rendah dapat membunuh
ataupun menghambat pertumbuhan dan aktivitas metabolisme mikroorganisme
dengan tingkat toksisitas relatif rendah. Antibiotik hampir selalu digunakan dalam
terapi suatu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri (antibakteri). Resistensi
antibiotik menjadi salah satu kekhawatiran terbesar, karena dapat menyebabkan
kegagalan pengobatan baik pada hewan atau pun manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan
menemukan kapang asal tanah yang diisolasi dari tanah di dalam kampus Institut
Pertanian Bogor yang menghasikan metabolit sekunder, dimana akan digunakan
sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri uji multidrug resistence Escherichia coli.
Sebanyak 6 isolat kapang berhasil dikultivasi dari 6 titik lokasi di dalam Kampus
Institut Pertanian Bogor. Isolat kapang kemudian dikultivasi tanpa pencahayaan di
dalam shaker selama 28 hari. Miselium yang terbentuk kemudian diekstrak dengan
metode maserasi menggunakan diklorometana dan metanol. Filtrat diekstraksi
dengan metode ekstraksi cair-cair yaitu dengan menggunakan pelarut etil asetat.
Hasil ekstraksi dari kedua bahan ini kemudian dipekatkan dengan menggunakan
rotatory evaporator. Ekstrak filtrat dan miselium yang telah dipekatkan kemudian
diuji secara in vitro dengan metode agar well difusion. Hasil uji ekstrak filtrat ke-6
isolat menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap multidrug resistant (MDR) E.
coli dengan zona terbesar dihasilkan oleh ekstrak filtrat 13A, namun ekstrak
miselium tidak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri
Beberapa jenis bahan sarang dan perilaku bersarang burung seriti (Collocalia esculenta) di Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan Provinsi Maluku Utara
No full textSalah satu jenis burung yang sudah dikenal oleh masyarakat di Maluku Utara adalah jenis burung seriti (Collocalia esculenta). Burung ini dikenal karena menghasilkan sarang yang berkhasiat bagi kesehatan manusia dan mempunyai nilai ekonomis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui beberapa bentuk dan jenis bahan sarang burung seriti, serta perilaku bersarang burung seriti di jembatan dan gua di Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan selama 5 bulan menggunakan metode survey. Lokasi pengamatan adalah di 2 jembatan dan 2 gua. Pengamatan meliputi pola peletakan sarang, jumlah sarang, struktur sarang, jenis bahan penyusun sarang dan perilaku bersarang burung seriti. Jumlah petak pengamatan di bawah jembatan (3 petak) dan di dalam gua (5 petak). Pengambilan sampel di setiap petak sebanyak 10 sarang dan jenis bahan sarang di identifikasi. Pengamatan perilaku bersarang burung seriti memerlukan waktu 288 jam. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dan statistik non-parametrik khi-kuadrat
Gambaran Mikroanatomi Spermatogenesis pada Musang Luak (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus)
No full textThe study was conducted to observe the stages of spermatogenesis in the Asian palm civet. Testicular tissue collected from male Asian palm civet was processed histologically with staining Hematoxillin-Eosin. The eight stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycles were described using the tubular morphology method, which is based on the shape and location of the spermatid nuclei, the presence of meiotic divisions and the overall seminiferous epithelium composition. The relative frequency value of stages I-VIII were 7.23, 12.9, 18.36, 10.07, 11.26, 17.3, 13.5, and 9.72%, respectively frequencies for the pre-meiotic (stage I to III), meiotic (stage IV) and post meiotic (stage V to VIII) in this species were 38.49%,10.07%, and 51.43%, respectively
KELIMPAHAN LARVA IKAN ENGRAULIDAE DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PARAMETER LINGKUNGAN DI ESTUARIA SEGARA ANAKAN CILACAP, JAWA TENGAH, INDONESIA
No full textJenis-jenis ikan dari familia Engraulidae yang populer dengan sebutan ikan teri merupakan sumber daya perikanan yang penting secara ekonomi. Perairan Segara Anakan Cilacap merupakan sebuah estuaria yang menjadi daerah asuhan bagi komoditas ini. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan larva engraulidae dan hubungannya dengan parameter lingkungan telah dilakukan selama bulan November 2001 sampai Mei 2002 pada 10 stasiun pengamatan di ekosistem Estuaria Segara Anakan, Cilacap, Jawa Tengah (ESAC
Adaptation of the proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus Wumb) to rubber forests: A case study in tabalong District, South Kalimantan Province
No full textSelama ini bekantan (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb) diketahui hidup di hutan rawa gambul, hutan mangrove, dan hutan riparian (pesisir). Banyak aspek yang berkaitan dengan bekantan di tipe habitat hutan karet belum diketahui. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengungkap adaptasi bekantan terhadap hutan karet. Pengungkapan adaptasi dilakukan melalui pendekatan persebaran populasi, hubungan kehadiran bekantan dengan perairan, vegetasi, pola aktivitas harian, sumber pakan dan kandungan nutrisi. Populasi bekantan dan pengandilan ruang dan pakan dengan spesies simpatrik, serta komunikasi vokal
PENENTUAN WAKTU PENGAMBILAN BENIH DAN DIET IKAN SIDAT (Anguilla bicolor Mc Clelland) DI SUNGAI SERAYU
No full textThe purpose of this study is to know when appropriate time to catch the fish and to observe dietary fish eel (Anguilla bicolor Mc Clelland) found at River Serayu. The information obtained is important for the cultivation of this species. Sampling is carried out at two stations upstream section (Bendung Gerak Serayu) employing method traps and downstream (river estuary) with opyok method. Replication is done 2 times a month for 1 year. The results showed that the elvers, juvenile and adults tend to get caught throughout the year and with a peak in July. Based on the study, the capture of eels in the River Serayu can be done throughout the year. Diet examination reveals that Polychaeta, benthic insects, Malacostraca, Pisces, and gastropods are food of eels. Polychaeta and benthic insects are the main food for eels with size of 30 cm
Keywords : eels, River Serayu, diet, A bicolo
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KADAR KORTISOL SERUM, KUANTITAS NEUTROFIL SEGMEN DAN INFILTRASI ANESTETIK LOKAL LEVOBUPIVAKAIN PADA PENYEMBUHAN LUKA TIKUS WISTAR THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF SERUM CORTISOL, SEGMENTED NEUTROPHIL AND LEVOBUPIVACAINE INFILTRAHON ON WISTAR RATS WOUND HEALING
No full textBackground : Post operative acute pain stimulates corticotropin releasing factor and adrenal to release cortisol. The use of local anaesthetic infiltration is consider to control acute pain and will decrease the level of cortisol. Levobupivacaine is a long acting local anaesthetic, suitable for pain control. Cortisol has an ability to depress segmented neutrophil
Objective : To prove the correlation between the level of serum cortisol, the number of segmented neutrophil and levobupivacaine infiltration.
Methods : This study was an animal experimental study, randomized post test only control group design, 15 Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups. Group I, control, group II, rats that got incisions without levobupivacaine infiltration and group III, rats that got incisions and levobupivacaine infiltration every el hours for 24 hours. On lst day, blood sample was taken and analyzed for the level of serum cortisol, absolute neutrophil count and the number of segmented neutrophil from tissue biopsy was done. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. The correlation between the level of serum cortisol and the number of segmented neutrophil were analyzed using Spearmans correlation test.
Results : There was a significant difference on the level of serum cortisol between group I, II and III, 00.002). There was no significant difference of absolute neutrophil count between group I, II and III, (p----.0.100). There was a significant difference on the number of segmented neutrophil from tissue biopsy between group I, II and III, 00.007). There was no correlation between the level of serum cortisol and the number of segmented neutrophil (p=0.839).
Conclusions : The level of serum cortisol in levobupivacaine infiltration group are lower than that without levobupivacaine infiltration. The number of tissue segmented neutrophils are greater in levobupivacaine infiltration group and there's no significant difference concerning absolute neutrophil count between those two groups. There's no correlation between the level of serum cortisol and the number of segmented neutrophil on wound healing process.
Latar belakang . Nyeri akut pasta pembedahan merangsang corticotropin releasing factor dan adrenal untuk melepaskan kortisol. Infiltrasi anestetik lokal terbukti mengurangi nyeri akut, menurunkan kortisol Levobupivakain, anestetik lokal durasi panjang efektif mengurangi nyeri akut. Kortisol menyebabkan depresi neutrofil segmen.
Tujuan Membuktikan adanya hubungan antara kadar kortisol serum, neutrofil segmen dan infiltrasi anestetik lokal Ievobupivakain pada penyembuhan luka. Metode : Dilakukan penelitian eksperimental pada hewan coba tikus Wistar, dengan desain randomized post test only control group. Sampel 15 ekor dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok; kelompok I kontrol, kelompok II insisi subkutis, kelompok III insisi subkutis dan infiltrasi levobupivakain setiap 8 jam selama 24 jam_ Diperiksa kadar kortisol serum, absolute neutrophil count serta neutrofil segmen jaringan pada jam ke-24 pasta insisi. Data dianalisis dengan uji beds Kruskal¬Wallis. Hubungan antara kadar kortisol serum dan neutrofil segmen dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman.
Basil Kadar kortisol serum antara kelompok I, II dan III berbeda bermakna (p-,002). Absolute neutrophil count antara kelompok I, II dan III berbeda talc bermakna (r0,100). Kuantitas neutrofil segmen jaringan antara kelompok I, II dan III berbeda bermakna (p=0,007). Hubungan antara kadar kortisol serum dan kuantitas neutrofil segmen talc bermakna (r=0,057), (r0,839).
Simpulan Kadar kortisol serum kelompok infiltrasi levobupivakain lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok tanpa infiltrasi levobupivakain. Absolute neutrophil count darah kelompok infiltrasi dibandingkan tanpa infiltrasi levobupivakain berbeda tak bermakna. Kuantitas neutrofil segmen jaringan pada kelompok infiltrasi levobupivakain lebih besar dibandingkan kelompok tanpa infiltrasi levobupivakain. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kadar kortisol serum dan neutrofil segmen pada proses penyembuhan luk
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