2,085 research outputs found
Alcohol Use and Risky Behaviour: Evidence of Anxiolysis-Disinhibition from a Naturalistic Drinking Study
No full textAims: Alcohol use and intoxication have been widely linked with the incidence of crime and antisocial behaviour. Reduced risk perception following alcohol consumption has been proposed as a possible reason for why people take part in such activities. This study aimed to identify if “intention to act” and “perception of risk” were similarly or differentially affected by alcohol consumed in a natural environment. Furthermore the relationship between amount consumed and degree of impact was investigated.
Design: A single factor independent groups design was employed.
Participants: 60 participants aged 18-23 were recruited.
Measures: Participants indicated their likelihood of engagement in a range of acts, and stated how risky they thought each behaviour was via a questionnaire.
Findings: Data analysis revealed a significant effect of alcohol group on reported likelihood of engagement such that likelihood increased with alcohol consumption. However, perceived risk was not subject to any effect, and increased intention to engage in a risky behaviour was not associated with a decreased perception of risk.
Conclusions: These results may provide support for an anxiolysis-disinhibition model of alcohol induced risky behaviour. Certainly the data indicate that cognitive appraisal of the behaviours is not impaired or related to increased engagement
Pengaruh Motivasi, Disiplin, Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Anugrah Persada Gemilang Gresik
No full textThis research uses survey method by using primary data obtained from questionnaires. The sample in this research is 51 employees of PT. Anugerah Persada Gemilang Production Part. The sample is taken with propotionate stratified random sampling technique which is a sampling technique when an organization has employees from the background of stratified positions. Data analysis techniques use multiple linear regression. The results showed that: (1) Work motivation has a significant positive effect on employee performance. (2) Work plan influence has a significant positive effect on employee performance. (3) Occupational Health and Safety has a significant positive effect on employee performance. (4) Motivation, Work Discipline and Occupational Health and Safety simultaneously or simultaneously have a significant effect on the performance of employees of PT. Anugerah Persada Gemilang Production Part
Star rating of driver's behavior as a tool to prevent risky behavior
No full textDriver behavior is a key determinant of road safety. Risky behaviors can be measured and quantified using traditional and modern methods, which enables the assessment of the driver's behavior. Following lessons from safety science, it is important to analyse and manage risks factors to optimize interventions in the transport context at the territory. The main objective of the paper is to explore the star rating of the driver's behavior to provide credible road safety monitoring and identification of the factors that most contribute to risky driving behaviors. The Data Envelopment Analysis method for selection of most significant factors is used for star rating of driver's behavior. The subject of the analysis encompasses 18 factors for 27 police administration units (PAUs) in the Republic of Serbia. The results are analysed regarding the following aspects: 1) star rating of driver's behavior and 2) defining the stages of the periodic factors monitoring for each PAU analysed. Using a mobile phone while driving, not using child restraints system, alcohol drunk driving during the night and seat belt use at rear seats of passenger vehicles were identified as the most significant factors associated with risky driving behaviors. Monitoring a broader set of factors helps to identify the strengths and weaknesses of a territory's road safety system. Star rating of driver's behavior as a tool intended for decision-makers ensures monitoring, management, the exchange of evidence-based and customized best practices and defining earlier goal-oriented actions to manage driver's behavior and to prevent risky driving.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Safety and Security Scienc
Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe NHT (Numbered Heads Together) Berbasis SAVI (Somatis, Auditori, Visual dan Intelektual) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pada Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Siswa Kelas X.4 SMA Negeri 2 Kudus Tahun Pelajaran 2008/2009
No full textSetiawan, Risky. 2009. “Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe NHT (Numbered Heads Together) Berbasis SAVI (Somatis, Auditori, Visual dan Intelektual) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pada Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Siswa Kelas X.4 SMA Negeri 2 Kudus Tahun Pelajaran 2008/2009”. Skripsi Jurusan Sejarah, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial UNNES.
Kata Kunci : Hasil belajar, NHT (Numbered Heads Together), SAVI (Somatis, Auditori, Visual Dan Intelektual)
Berdasarkan hasil observasi awal terhadap pembelajaran Sejarah kelas X.4 SMA Negeri 2 Kudus, diperoleh gambaran bahwa siswa kurang aktif dalam pembelajaran, penyajian guru cenderung monoton dengan menggunakan ceramah, kurangnya variasi dalam pembelajaran dan suasana pembelajaran yang kurang menyenangkan. Berdasarkan hal itu maka kompetensi yang ingin dicapai belum optimal. Salah satu upaya pencapian kompetensi pembelajaran yaitu dengan perbaikan pembelajaran. Salah satu alternatifnya dengan penerapan model pembelajaran NHT (Numbered Heads Together) berbasis SAVI.
Permasalahan yang diambil dalam skripsi ini apakah model pembelajaran NHT (Numbered Heads Together) berbasis SAVI (Somatis, Audio, Visual dan Intelektual) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 2 Kudus tahun ajaran 2008/2009.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui apakah model pembelajaran NHT (Numbered Heads Together) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran Sejarah di SMA Negeri 2 Kudus tahun ajaran 2008/2009.
Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X.4 semester II SMA Negeri 2 Kudus tahun ajaran 2008/2009. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran NHT. Prosedur kerja dalam penelitian tindakan kelas terdiri atas empat komponen, yaitu perencanaan (planning), pelaksanaan (acting), pengamatan (observing), dan refleksi (reflecting). Hubungan keempat komponen tersebut dipandang sebagai suatu siklus.
Dalam penelitian ini terdapat 2 (dua) siklus yaitu Siklus I dan Siklus II. Sebelum diadakannya penelitian diperoleh nilai rata-rata 67,75 dengan nilai tertinggi 85 dan nilai terendah 25, siswa yang memperoleh nilai > 7,0 sebanyak 24 siswa dengan persentase ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 60%. Setelah diadakan penelitian pada Siklus I diperoleh nilai rata-rata hasil tes sebesar 69,38 dengan nilai tertinggi 85 dan nilai terendah 35, sedangkan siswa yang memperoleh nilai > 70 sebanyak 25 siswa dengan persentase ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 62,5 % , jadi terdapat peningkata nilai rata-rata sebelum penelitian sebesar 67,75 menjadi 69,38 dan persentase ketuntasan klasikal meningkat 2,5% dari 60% sebelum penelitian menjadi 62,5% setelah diadakannya siklus I.
Hasil belajar yang diperoleh pada siklus II meningkat, hal ini dapat diketahui dari nilai rata-rata kelas sebesar 78 meningkat sebasar 8,62 poin dari nilai Rata-rata kelas pada siklus I yaitu sebasar 69,38. persentase ketuntasan belajar juga meningkat sebesar 30 % dari persentase ketuntasan belajar pada siklus I yaitu sebesar 62,5 % menjadi 92,5 % pada siklus II.
Simpulan dari hasil penelitian dan pembahasan adalah penerapan model pembelajaran NHT (Numbered Heads Together) berbasis SAVI yang telah dilaksanakan di kelas X.4 SMA Negeri 2 Kudus dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar sejarah siswa tahun pelajaran 2008/2009. Kemampuan hasil belajar sejarah siswa dapat terlihat pada keaktifan siswa dan kerja sama dalam proses belajar mengajar sehingga siswa mempunyai minat yang sangat baik terhadap mata pelajaran sejarah, dengan nilai rata-rata kelas 78 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 92,5 % pada akhir penelitian, sesuai dengan indikator kinerja yaitu dengan nilai ketuntasan belajar > 70,01 dengan ketuntasan klasikal lebih dari atau sama dengan 75 % yang sebelum penelitian nilai rata-rata kelas 67,75 dengan ketuntasan klasikal hanya 60%. Jadi ada peningkatan dari penerapan model pembelajaran NHT (Numbered Heads Together) berbasis SAVI sebanyak 10,25 poin dengan peningkatan ketuntasan klasikal sebanyak 18,25 %.
Pembelajaran tipe NHT (Numbered Heads Together) berbasis SAVI perlu dilaksanakan dalam pembelajaran dikelas, karena model pembelajaran tersebut dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa, selain itu model pembelajaran tipe NHT merupakan salah satu tipe pembelajaran kooperatif yang paling sederhana dan paling mudah diterapkan oleh para tenaga pengajar pemula.
Dalam proses pembelajaran, guru sejarah harus selalu kreatif dalam memotivasi siswa untuk lebih semangat dalam mengikuti pembelajaran sejarah secara kooperatif. Dalam pembelajaran sejarah perlu juga diberikan selingan misalnya dengan adanya pemutaran CD Pembelajaran yang akan meningkatkan semangat belajar siswa.
Guru sejarah harus selalu memberikan sikap positif atau memberikan suatu penghargaan (rewards) kepada setiap aktifitas siswa pada proses pembelajaran sejarah, karena dapat memacu siswa untuk selalu belajar giat untuk memperoleh hasil belajar yang optimal serta mampu meningkatkan keberanian siswa dalam mengemukakan pendapat atau ide dalam proses pembelajaran dan bekerja sama dengan temannya dalam proses pembelajaran kooperatif
Understanding risky driving among motorized two-wheeler drivers: The role of time-related anxiety and impunctuality
No full textMotorized Two-Wheeler (MTW) drivers significantly contribute to road fatalities due to their vulnerability and the higher severity of crashes. Risky driving behavior, such as violations and errors, is a key precursor to road crashes. Understanding the factors that influence such risky behavior can shed light on opportunities for risk management. In this investigation, data from 460 motorized two-wheeler drivers were collected through an online questionnaire, exploring Red Light Running (RLR), lane sharing, and turning without indicating driving tendencies, latent psychological factors, and demographic attributes of the participants. The analysis was conducted in two steps: (a) decision trees were developed to classify risky driving behavior, and (b) binary logistic regression models were developed to quantify risky driving choices based on demographic and latent psychological variables, as well as interaction variables. The results showed that as driver anxiety increased, the probability of lane sharing rose from 76.3% to 87.9% in normal driving situations and from 80.3% to 96.6% in time-pressure driving situations, respectively. Furthermore, the results revealed that the odds of running red lights and lane sharing decreased to 0.57 and 0.68, respectively, for older drivers compared to young drivers. Overall, this study quantified the impact of underlying psychological factors and demographic parameters, as well as their combined effects, on assessing traffic violations, traffic errors, and non-illegal dangerous driving behaviors among motorized two-wheeler drivers. Additionally, the study discusses the implications and policy interventions related to the legalization of lane sharing and the risks associated with time-pressure driving in online food delivery systems. These findings can inform evidence-based policymaking to achieve road safety goals.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Safety and Security Scienc
Deadly meals: The influence of personal and job factors on burnout and risky riding behaviours of food delivery motorcyclists
No full textFood delivery riders are overrepresented in road crashes. Arguably, the increased risk experienced by food delivery riders is linked to the working conditions offered by the “gig economy”. Research is needed to fully understand the safety-related issues this vulnerable group of road users face daily and identify opportunities for counter measures. In this investigation, we proposed a new theoretical model to explain the risky behaviour of food delivery motorcyclists based on the well-established Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model. Following the JD-R, we considered the impact of job demands (job aspects that require sustained effort) and job resources (job aspects that help achieve work-related goals, reduce job demands and stimulate personal development) on the risky riding behaviours of food delivery motorcyclists. The JD-R model was also extended with three constructs, including personal demands, personal resources, and perceived safety risk to explore the role of individuals' within-person aspects. The developed model was tested using data collected from 554 food delivery riders in the two biggest cities in Vietnam. The results showed that job burnout, job resources, and personal demands directly impact risky riding behaviours, in which job burnout was the most significant predictor. Constructs such as job demands, personal resources, and perceived safety risk were not significant predictors of risky riding behaviours. This research shows that organisation-level factors could be modified to prevent risky riding behaviour. The gig economy industry can do much more to improve the safety of delivery riders.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Safety and Security Scienc
Effects of Personality on Risky Driving Behavior and Accident Involvement for Chinese Drivers
No full textObjective: Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of injury-related fatalities in China and pose the most serious threat to driving safety. Driver personality is considered as an effective predictor for risky driving behavior and accident liability. Previous studies have focused on the relationship between personality and risky driving behavior, but only a few of them have explored the effects of personality variables on accident involvement. In addition, few studies have examined the effects of personality on Chinese drivers' risky driving and accident involvement. The present study aimed to examine the effects of personality variables on Chinese drivers' unsafe driving behaviors and accident involvement. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-four Chinese drivers aged 20 to 50 were required to complete questionnaires assessing their personality traits (anger, sensation-seeking, altruism, and normlessness), risky driving behaviors (aggressive violations, ordinary violations), and accident involvement (all accidents, serious accidents, at-fault accidents). Multivariate regression analyses, adjusting for gender, age, and overall mileage, were conducted to identify the personality traits related to risky driving behaviors and accident involvement. Results: Participants' personality traits were found to be significantly correlated with both risky driving behavior and accident involvement. Specifically, the traits of anger and normlessness were effective predictors for aggressive violations. The traits of anger, sensation-seeking, normlessness, and altruism were effective predictors for ordinary violations. Moreover, altruism and normlessness were significant predictors for the total number of accidents participants had during the past 3years. Conclusions: Consistent with previous studies, the present study revealed that personality traits play an important role in predicting Chinese drivers' risky driving behaviors. In addition, Chinese drivers' personality characteristics were also associated with accident involvement. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Traffic Injury Prevention to view the supplemental file
Contribution of pornographic exposure and addiction to risky sexual behavior in adolescents
No full textBackground: The progress of information and technology contributes to the increasingly easier access to pornographic content. Adolescents as the highest Internet accessor become the most susceptible population to pornographic hazards, which has an impact on deviant sexual behavior. This study aimed to identify the relationship of exposure history and pornography addiction to risky sexual behavior in adolescents.
Design and Methods: The data were collected online using a cross-sectional approach and involved 394 students selected by stratified random sampling. This study used the Early Detection of Pornography Addiction Instrument and Sexual Risk Survey (SRS).
Results: A significant relationship was found between risky sexual behavior in students and the age of the first-time exposure to pornography (p=0.013), pornographic materials accessed (p=0.041), and the reasons for watching pornography (p=0.017). The higher the degree of pornography addiction, the higher the risky sexual behavior in students (p=0.000; r=0.241).
Conclusions: A prevention and intervention program is necessary to address the pornography addiction problem as well as the development of various strategic plans in handling issues associated with risky sexual behavior in adolescence
Emotions, Risk, and Responsibility: Emotions, Values, and Responsible Innovation of Risky Technologies
No full textRisky technologies such as biotechnology, energy technologies, and digital technologies are frequently highly controversial. While such technologies can contribute to people’s well-being, they can also create social disruption. The latter requires approaches for decision-making on how to responsibly design risky technologies. Technology is not value neutral, rather, design choices imply value choices. That is why scholars in risk ethics and philosophy of technology have argued for long that we need value-sensitive design and responsible innovation in order to ensure that value choices are made explicitly and based on sound ethical considerations. This chapter focuses on the contribution that emotions and values can make to the responsible innovation of risky technologies, based on the idea that emotions can play an important role in ethical decision-making about risky technologies. The chapter develops this idea further and expands it to approaches to responsible innovation in the context of the following key stakeholders: universities, industry, policy makers, and the public. The central idea this chapter investigates is that embedding emotions and values in the innovation of risky technologies can enhance the quality of deliberation and decision-making regarding technological risks, can help to overcome stalemates, and can lead to morally and socially more acceptable, as well as responsible technological innovations.Values Technology and InnovationEthics & Philosophy of Technolog
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