628 research outputs found
Data for: The non-democratic roots of mass education: Evidence from 200 years
No full textThis is an Annotation for Transparent Inquiry (ATI) data project. The annotated article can be viewed on the publisher's website.
Project Summary
This project assesses the impact of democratization on primary school enrollment rates using quantitative data from 1820 to 2010 to estimate difference-in-differences and interrupted time series models of the impact of democratization. It finds that, on average, there is little evidence to support the claim that democratization led to the expansion of primary schooling. The study then unpacks this average result to explain what lies behind the null effect. It finds that democracy can lead to the expansion of primary schooling, but the key condition under which it does—when a majority of the population lacked access to primary schooling before democratization—rarely holds. Indeed, the study documents that, among countries that experienced democratization, the average primary school enrollment rate was already 70% before transitioning to democracy. Although the project does not seek to provide a conclusive answer to why there was so much provision of primary education under non-democracies, the section titled “Primary School Systems Under Non-Democracies” explores several possible answers to help readers entertain the possibility that the provision of primary education may have been high under non-democracies—because this is a counterintuitive finding given the previous literature in political science and economics. With that modest goal in mind, this section surveys existing research in history, sociology, political science, and economics to parse out four common arguments for the provision of primary schooling under non-democratic regimes; provides exploratory quantitative tests for these arguments; and, using online annotations, provides qualitative evidence that illustrates these arguments.
Data Generation and Analysis
The gathering of qualitative evidence focused on either the founding period of primary education systems or the period of fastest expansion of primary schooling in six non-democratic regimes chosen to have variation across space and over time: Prussia (1750s and 1760s), France (1830s), Chile (1860s), Argentina (1880s), USSR (1930s), and China (1950s). For each case, the author gathered primary and secondary sources in English, Spanish, or French that provided evidence about the rationales used by non-democratic regimes to expand access to primary education. On average five sources per country were analyzed, including: speech transcripts by presidents, ministers of education, and congressmen from parliamentary debates; newspaper and magazines articles, letters, books, memoirs, and other documents written by politicians who participated in education debates; reports written by official government missions from foreign countries that traveled to learn about the selected education systems; official education laws and regulations; books and PhD dissertations specializing on the history of education of these cases. All sources analyzed were obtained from Stanford Libraries, UCSD Libraries, HathiTrust, the Biblioteca Nacional del Maestro in Argentina, or the Biblioteca Nacional de Chile. Language limitations implied a greater ability to consult primary sources from Argentina, Chile, and France than from Prussia, the USSR, and China, where reliance on secondary sources was greater.
For each source, the author extracted citations that provided evidence of the rationales espoused by non-democratic regimes to provide primary education. Each citation was classified using a common coding scheme based on the type of argument being made for the provision of primary education: molding political values and behaviors, industrialization, military strength, promoting the social mobility of the lower classes, responding to parental demand, staying in vogue with global ideas, or other reasons. A set of 45 citations (out of 150) were identified as “strong” evidence for three types of common arguments for primary education provision under non-democratic regimes: molding political values and behaviors, industrialization, and military strength. The other theorized arguments appeared less often and either lacked strong evidence in the sampled sources (staying in vogue with global ideas, promoting social mobility) or had strong evidence against them (responding to parental demand).
Logic of Annotation
Online annotations were used to illustrate those arguments for which strong qualitative evidence was found. The citations included in the annotations were chosen so as to provide as clear an illustration of a theoretical argument as possible within a relatively short amount of space (i.e., without requiring readers to read an entire book or parliamentary debate transcript). Analytic notes were used in almost all annotations to offer additional context about a source and its author, and to specify the interpretations made from a citation or set of citations.</p
A ECRANATION OF THE NOVEL BISMILLAH KUNIKAHI SUAMIMU BY VYNTIANA ITARI INTO THE FILM BISMILLAH KUNIKAHI SUAMIMU BY BENNI SETIAWAN: EKRANASI NOVEL BISMILLAH KUNIKAHI SUAMIMU KARYA VYNTIANA ITARI KE DALAM FILM BISMILLAH KUNIKAHI SUAMIMU KARYA BENNI SETIAWAN
No full textPermasalahan yang ada pada penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah proses ekranasi pada novel Bismillah Kunikahi Suamimu karya Vyantiana Itari ke dalam Film Bismillah Kunikahi Suamimu karya Benni Setiawan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, untuk mendeskripsikan : perubahan, penambahan dan pencuitan cerita dan tokoh dari novel Bismilah Kunikahi Suamimu dan Film Bismilah Kunikahi Suamimu karya Benni Setiawan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari novel menggunakan teknik baca, simak, dan catat kemudian data dari film dengan menggunakan teknik tonton, catat, dan capturing. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah human instrument. Data dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif kualitatif. Keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui validitas semantis dan reliabilitas (intrarer dan interrater). Hasil penelitian terdapat peristiwa yang sengaja dikurangi, ditambahkan, dan diubah secara bervariasi sesuai dengan kebutuhan dari film. Perubahan yang terjadi pada proses ekranisasi yakni penciutan, penambahan serta perubahan bervariasi pada bagian cerita dan tokoh. Aspek penciutan pada bagian cerita ditemukan sebanyak lima puluh cerita, aspek penambahan ditemukan sebanyak tiga puluh penambahan, aspek perubahan variasi ditemukan sebanyak sembilan belas perubahan. Aspek penciutan pada bagian tokoh ditemukan sebanyak empat belas tokoh, penambahan sebanyak sepuluh tokoh dan perubahan bervariasi sebanyak empat tokoh
AGUSTINA BESSA-LUÍS E O BRASIL: DIÁRIO DE VIAGEM
Full text linkAgustina Bessa-Luís e o Brasil: diário de viagem. Este trabalho analisa Breviário
do Brasil (1991), relato que é fruto de viagem empreendida ao Brasil em 1988, por
ocasião do ciclo Os portugueses ao encontro da sua história. O trabalho aborda o
gênero do relato de viagens no contexto da prolífera obra da autora e suas impressões no
contexto do tema do simpósio, a saber: relações luso-brasileiras: entre o ressentimento e
o fascínio.
Abstract
Agustina Bessa-Luís and Brazil: dairy of a journey. This article analyses Breviário
do Brasil (Brazilian Breviary) (1991), book that is the result of a trip of the author to
Brazil in 1998, by the occasion of the cycle The Portugueses meet their history. The
analyses studies the genre of traveling report within the large work of Agustina Bessa-
Luís and her impressions of Brazil within the context of the theme of this symposium,
resentment and fascination
The form and use of everyday streets
No full textEveryday streets facilitate various activities and movements, both indoors and outdoors. The second section of this book addresses the following question: What is the relationship between the urban form of everyday streets and the activities that occur on them?Urban Desig
Introduction to Everyday Streets
No full textEveryday streets are both the most used and the most undervalued of cities’ public spaces. They constitute the inclusive backbone of urban life – the chief civic amenity – though they are challenged by optimisation processes. Everyday streets are as profuse, rich and complex as the people who use them; they are places of social aggregation, bringing together those belonging to different classes, genders, ages, ethnicities and nationalities. They comprise not just the familiar outdoor spaces that we use to move and interact and the facades that are commonly viewed as their primary component but also urban blocks, interiors, depths...Urban Desig
É A PAULA QUE ESTÁ A DIZER ISTO OU SOU EU?: AS MENINAS, DE AGUSTINA BESSA-LUÍS & PAULA REGO
Full text linkEste trabalho analisa a obra As meninas (2001), álbum de pinturas de Paula Rego e texto de Agustina Bessa-Luís. Embora imagens e texto formem um todo, é sobre o texto que a análise incide. No conjunto da obra de Agustina, esse trabalho se insere em duas categorias: a das biografias e a das obras iconográficas (fotografias, pinturas) comentadas, interpretadas ou acompanhadas de palavras da autora. É como registo biográfico peculiar que o texto vai interessar, pois as pinturas da série As meninas são lidas como índices de certos biografemas de Paula Rego e comparados com autobiografemas.IS IT PAULA WHO IS SAYING SO, OR MYSELF?: AGUSTINA BESSA-LUÍS & PAULA REGO’S AS MENINASThis paper analyses As Meninas (2001), a collection of paintings by PaulaRego with a text by Agustina Bessa-Luís. Although the text and the paintings form a whole, the analysis will be focused on the text. This text can be placed into two different categories of Agustina\u27s work: that of biographies and that of iconographic works commented upon orillustrated by the author (photographies, paintings). The text is interesting when analysed from biographical point of view, as the paitings of the As meninas series can be analysed as discreet elements of Paula Rego\u27s biography and compared to discreet elements of Agustina Bessa-Luís´ autobiography.
Agustina Bessa-Luís e as mulheres
No full textThe central character of the novelist's work is Quina, the Sibyl, who gave the title to the emblematic novel A Sibila (1954) and which accompanies the work as a reference. From there, I propose to examine how Agustina Bessa-Luís stages a fictional universe built around female characters and in which romance, biography and autobiography interact. Rejecting the feminist label, the novelist creates her mythical world of sisterhood, whose protagonists assert themselves in opposition to the phallocentric society in which they evolve. This world is also inhabited by strange creatures in becoming to whom the author confers the magical power of expression, combining metamorphosis in multiple aspects. To do so, she bases her speech on an ekphrastic symbiosis with several Portuguese plastic artists. From there, I will analyze a vision of the human linked to new currents of thought, such as queer, care or eco-ethics and/or eco-poetics, which will lead me to look for new critical approaches.A personagem central da obra da romancista é a de Quina, a Sibila que deu o título ao romance emblemático A Sibila (1954) e que fica como referência ao longo da obra. A partir daí, este artigo examina como Agustina Bessa-Luís encena um universo ficcional construído à volta das personagens femininas e no qual interagem romance, biografia e autobiografia. Repudiando a etiqueta de feminista, a romancista cria o seu mundo mítico de sororidade, cujas protagonistas se afirmam contrariando a sociedade falocêntrica na qual evoluem. Este mundo é também habitado por estranhas criaturas em devir que conjugam a metamorfose sob múltiplos aspetos e a quem a autora confere o poder mágico da expressão. Neste sentido, ela alicerça o seu discurso numa simbiose ekfrástica com várias artistas plásticas portuguesas. A partir daí, analisarei uma visão do humano religada a correntes de pensamento novadoras, como o queer, o care ou a eco-ética e/ou eco-poética, o que me levará a procurar novas aborgagens críticas
Pengaruh Pemberian Diet Berbasis MOCAF terhadap Total Protein dan Albumin Serum pada Model Tikus Kurang Gizi
No full textPertumbuhan yang terhambat karena kurang gizi dalam jangka waktu yang panjang dapat mengarah pada kondisi stunting (de Onis dan Branca 2016). Kekurangan gizi menunjukkan kurangnya asupan energi dan zat gizi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan individu (Maleta 2006). Data Riskesdas 2013 menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi gizi kurang di Indonesia sebesar 19.6% dan turun menjadi 17.7% pada tahun 2018 (Kemenkes 2018). Data studi status gizi balita di Indonesia (SSGBI) 2019 menunjukkan penurunan gizi kurang jika dibandingkan dengan Riskesdas 2018, gizi kurang turun 1.5% menjadi 16.29% (Kemenkes 2019). Prevalensi gizi kurang di Indonesia masih termasuk sangat tinggi yakni ≥15% (Unicef, WHO dan World Bank 2019). Makanan pendamping yang baik akan mampu memenuhi kebutuhan gizi dan mampu meningkatkan sintesis protein untuk tumbuh kembang organ. MP-ASI diberikan diusia 6-24 bulan karena pada periode tersebut anak rentan menderita malnutrisi. Salah satu bentuk MP-ASI yang banyak dikenal masyarakat adalah bubur instan.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh pemberian diet berbasis MOCAF terhadap total protein dan albumin serum pada model tikus kurang gizi. Bubur instan berbasis MOCAF yang digunakan yakni MOCAF yang diolah dari singkong mentega yang memiliki daging berwarna kuning dan kaya akan betakaroten serta dari bahan singkong manggu yang memiliki daging berwarna putih. Produk bubur instan diperkaya dengan inulin serta micronutrien premix (Fe, Zn, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, asam folat). Tikus yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tikus jenis Sprague dawley jantan yang selesai masa sapih dari induknya, umur 21 hari hingga 28 hari dengan berat badan 50-100 gram. Pada penelitian ini tikus dikelompokkan menjadi tiga yaitu satu kelompok kontrol normal dan dua kelompok perlakuan diet yakni kelompok yang diberi diet kurang protein dan diet kurang energi protein. Setiap kelompok perlakuan yang mencapai kondisi kurang gizi diberikan empat jenis produk intervensi. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak kelompok faktorial (RAKF) dan data dilaporkan dalam bentuk rata-rata dan di analisis dengan Anova dan uji lanjut Duncan.
Pada penelitian ini dibuktikan bahwa pemberian diet rendah protein 5% dan restriksi pakan secara bertahap yakni 30%, 50% dan 60% berhasil mencapai kondisi kurang gizi. Hal tersebut ditandai dengan adanya penurunan berat badan yakni -5.76±4.8 g pada kelompok kurang protein dan -5.53±4.66 g pada kelompok kurang energi protein, perubahan rasio berat organ hati terhadap berat badan tikus sebesar 5.18% pada kelompok kurang protein dan 4.95% pada kelompok kurang energi protein, kadar total protein (4.61±1.21 g/dL) dan albumin serum (3.22±4.61 g/dL) pada kelompok kurang protein dan terdapat tikus mengalami edema pada kelompok kurang energi protein yang menandakan kondisi kurang gizi. Pemberian diet berbahan dasar lokal yakni MOCAF dan tempe menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan total protein dan albumin serum untuk semua kelompok (p>0.05) namun ada tanda perbaikan total protein dan albumin serum. Pada kelompok kurang protein, pemberian diet dengan diet MOCAF mentega tanpa
inulin terdapat perbaikan albumin serum dari 3.22±0.33 g/dL menjadi 3.33±0.35 g/dL sedangkan total protein serum dari 4.61±1.21 g/dL menjadi 5.01±0.82 g/dL. Pada kelompok kurang energi protein, terdapat perbaikan albumin dari 3.85±0.29 g/dL menjadi 4.15±0.94 g/dL dan total protein menjadi 6.18±1.27 g/dL yang menunjukkan bahwa setelah diberikan MOCAF manggu tanpa inulin sudah pada kondisi normal. Oleh karena itu, perlakuan diet rendah protein dan restriksi pakan dapat membuat kondisi tikus kurang gizi namun jika ditinjau dari segi waktu yang dibutuhkan, pemberian diet rendah protein lebih cepat yakni 21 hari dan intervensi dengan MOCAF dapat membantu pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi pada kondisi kurang gizi yang ditandai dengan peningkatan berat badan dan perbaikan total protein dan albumin serum
Uriel da Costa : reescrita de Agustina Bessa Luís
No full textIn this article, the author analyses the way in which Carolina Michaelis approaches the biography of the Oporto Jew Uriel da Costa, using style which is at oncc precise, but which curiously does not scorn fabrication, even if she States it openly, as in the case of iconic representation. This discourse, often modalized by dubitative expressions, led Agustina Bessa Luís, in a novel written sixty years later (in 1984), Um Bicho da Terra, to rework the figure of the figure of the tormented thinker and to transform him into a typical character of her novelistic gallery. This article studies this difference in perspective, thereby demonstrating the undeniable differences and the no less important similarities
Os caminhos e descaminhos de “A corte do norte”, romance de Agustina Bessa-Luís: uma leitura neobarroca
No full textThe article proposes a reading of the novel A Corte do Norte, of Agustina Bessa- Luís, like an example of neo-baroque aesthetics. The fragmentation of the speech, breaking with the narrative unity, and the dispersal of the truth, taken like a multiplicity of versions, are the ways of reading that drive us to the labyrinth proposed by the author: image of a non-centered world.O artigo propõe uma leitura do romance A Corte do Norte, de Agustina Bessa- Luís, como exemplar de uma estética neobarroca. A fragmentação do discurso, rompendo com a unidade narrativa, e a dispersão da verdade, tomada como uma multiplicidade de versões, são os caminhos de leitura que nos conduzem ao labirinto proposto pela autora: imagem de um mundo descentrado
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