1,721,029 research outputs found
Which past? Whose transcendental presupposition?
No full textThis paper starts from the presumption that historiography is not the objective retelling of a self-evident object?'the past'?but is rather a 'code', one that constitutes its object. The central element in this code, it suggests, is humanism/anthropology. It is not because man is a meaning producing being, who leaves behind traces of himself, that history-writing is possible; rather, it is historiography that helps secure this humanist/anthropological presumption. Moreover, the presumption that Man is a culture secreting and meaning producing being is not universally 'true', is not (pace Weber) a 'transcendental presupposition', but is rather a specifically modern and presumption. History-writing, the essay concludes, is not always adequate to non-Western pasts
Memory, historiography, and trauma
No full textThis essay thinks through the gap – and works within the interstices – between “history” and “memory.” Moving deftly across a wide terrain of writing on the subject, it delineates: the limits of “elegiac” accounts of the loss of collective memory in the face of modern historiography; the solipsistic calls for entirely replacing history-writing with memory-work; and the principally valuable emphases that see “cultural memory” as signifying the different ways in which the past is represented and remembered. Instead, the essay attends to the epistemological issues raised by the subject(s) of memory, asking that if memory does not give unmediated access to the past – but is also a form of representation, and thus a linguistic artefact – then what promise or possibility might this concept and process hold? On the one hand, the essay seizes upon epistemologically and ethically fraught representations of the holocaust in history and as memory, in order to ask critical questions concerning the place of violence, pain, and trauma in the narration and imagination of the past. On the other hand, it draws in the political-intellectual challenge posed by movements of the marginalized, and the structuralist and post-structuralist critique of knowledge-forms to suggest how memory – now understood a particular instance of a more global phenomenon – can be a manner of re-presenting the pasts of particular groups. In these ways, the essays calls attention – in intriguing, often implicit, ways – to the important recent emphases in the discussions of the nature of pasts and histories
Travelling theory: Western knowledge and its Indian object
No full textFrom the1830s the colonial government in India became the agency for the promotion of ‘Western education’, that is, education that sought to disseminate modern, Western, rational knowledge through modern institutions and pedagogic processes. This paper examines a historical
episode in which certain key categories of modern Western thought were pressed into service to explain a consequence of the dissemination of Western knowledge in colonial India. The episode in question was that of the alleged ‘moral crisis’ of the educated Indian, who, many argued, had been plunged into confusion and moral disarray following his exposure to Western knowledge in the schools and universities established by his British ruler. In the discourse of moral crisis, the knowledge being disseminated through Western education was simultaneously put to use in explaining an unanticipated effect of this education. How adequate was Western knowledge to explaining its own effects? More generally –for this paper is drawn from a larger study of how modern Western knowledge ‘travelled’ when transplanted to colonial India – what is the status of the knowledge we produce when we ‘apply’ the categories of
modern Western thought in order to understand or explain India
[Recensão a] Seth, Sanjay (2022). História e Pós-Colonialismo. Ensaios sobre conhecimento ocidental, Eurocentrismo e Ciências Sociais. Traduções de Rita Narra Lucas, Elisa Lopes da Silva, Marcos Cardão, José Miguel Ferreira e José Neves. Revisão de Miguel Cardoso. Lisboa: Imprensa de História Contemporânea, 278 p., ISBN: 978-989-8956-38-5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.34619/wmsg-ryrm
No full textRecensão a: Seth, Sanjay (2022). História e Pós-Colonialismo. Ensaios sobre conhecimento ocidental, Eurocentrismo e Ciências Sociais. Traduções de Rita Narra Lucas, Elisa Lopes da Silva, Marcos Cardão, José Miguel Ferreira e José Neves. Revisão de Miguel Cardoso. Lisboa: Imprensa de História Contemporânea, 278 p., ISBN: 978-989-8956-38-5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.34619/wmsg-ryr
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Postcolonial Theory and International Relations:A Critical Introduction
No full textWhat can postcolonialism tell us about international relations? What can international relations tell us about postcolonialism?In recent years, postcolonial perspectives and insights have challenged our conventional understanding of international politics. Postcolonial Theory and International Relations is the first book to provide a comprehensive and accessible survey of how postcolonialism radically alters our understanding of international relations.Each chapter is written by a leading international scholar and looks at the core components of international relations – theories, the nation, geopolitics, international law, war, international political economy, sovereignty, religion, nationalism, Empire etc. – through a postcolonial lens. In so doing it provides students with a valuable insight into the challenges that postcolonialism poses to our understanding of global politics
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