87,021 research outputs found
Malagasy Dialects and the Peopling of Madagascar
No full textServa M, Petroni F, Volchenkov D, Wichmann S. Malagasy Dialects and the Peopling of Madagascar. Interface. Journal of the Royal Society. 2012;9(66):54-67
A Racionalidade substantiva demostrada na prática administrativa: estudo de caso - "Bando Árvore Sagrada"
No full textTCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio Econômico, Curso de Administração.Este é um trabalho da área da Administração Científica. Ele é útil para professores e estudiosos das Ciências da Administração, alunos e estudantes, além de empresários, executivos e gestores que praticam a Administração profissionalmente. Oferece aqui um estudo de caso que serve de inspiração para empresas e organizações produtivas em geral, no sentido de oferecer diretrizes para a criação de espaços sociais em que os indivíduos possam participar de relações verdadeiramente auto-gratificantes. O objetivo geral deste estudo é identificar ações e práticas administrativas que podem ser empreendidas em organizações produtivas para aumentar seu grau de racionalidade substantiva, em especial com relação ao processo de tomada de decisões. A estratégia utilizada foi a de pesquisa etnográfica, feita in loco, no Bando Árvore Sagrada, uma organização produtiva, não constituída legalmente, sem fins econômicos ou lucrativos de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Foram revisados autores do paradigma crítico da Teoria das Organizações, buscando uma contextualização macro-social para o estudo criterioso do objeto de estudo. Esta revisão foi concentrada especialmente na "abordagem substantiva das organizações" proposta por Alberto Guerreiro Ramos (1981), com complementação de Maurício Serva (1996, 1997) e Karl Polanyi (2000). Foram descritas as características singulares do Bando Árvore Sagrada, tais como a autogestão, sua atuação política como uma Zona Autônoma Temporária e o componente terapêutico da Soma e da capoeira angola. A análise prosseguiu com o estudo do processo de tomada de decisão por consenso na organização, para maior entendimento da auto-realização e da racionalidade substantiva na mesma. Por fim, foram feitas considerações a respeito das ações substantivas na prática administrativa do Bando Árvore Sagrada, e discutida sua extrapolação para outras organizações substantivas em outros contextos. Através de revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa etnográfica, foram identificadas diversas práticas e ações administrativas de predominância substantiva, tanto na organização instrumental econômica Grupo Semco (SEMLER, 2003, 2006) quanto na isonomia substantiva Bando Árvore Sagrada
From Indonesia to Madagascar: in search of the origins of the Malagasy language
No full textMadagascar exhibits a strong linguistic uniformity since all dialects are regional variants of the same language, which belongs
to the Greater Barito East group of the Austronesian family [Houtman, 1603]. This was firmly established a long time ago in
[Tuuk, 1864], while, more recently, [Dahl, 1951] pointed out a particularly close relationship between Malagasy and Maanyan
of south-eastern Kalimantan [Dyen, 1953]. Nevertheless, Malagasy also bears similarities to languages in Sulawesi, Malaysia,
Sumatra and Philippines, including loanwords from Malay, Javanese, and one (or more) language(s) of south Sulawesi
[Adelaar, 2009] and Philippines. On the contrary, the east-African contribution to the vocabulary seems to be limited to few
faunal names [Blench and Walsh, 2009].
Because of these linguistic relationships, it is widely accepted that the island was settled by Indonesian sailors after a
maritime trek but dates and place of landing are still debated and it is also not clear whether there were multiple settlements
or just a single one. The linguistic composition of the Austronesian settlers is also debated as well its consequences on the
vocabulary of Malagasy dialects.
In this paper we review our research [Serva et al, 2012, Serva, 2012], which tries to shed new light on these problems.
The key point is the application of a new quantitative methodology [Serva and Petroni, 2008, Petroni and Serva, 2008,
Bakker et al, 2009] which is able to find out the kinship relations among languages (or dialects). New techniques are
also introduced in order to extract the maximum information from these relations concerning time and space patterns
[Blanchard et al, 2010a, Wichmann et al, 2010a]. We consider 23 Malagasy dialects plus Malay and Maanyan. The data
concerning Madagascar were collected by one of the authors (M.S.) at the beginning of 2010 and consist of Swadesh lists of
200 items for each of the 23 dialects covering all areas of the island
Indo-European languages tree by Levenshtein distance
No full textThe evolution of languages closely resembles the evolution of haploid organisms. This similarity has been recently exploited (Gray R. D. and Atkinson Q. D., Nature, 426 (2003) 435; Gray R. D. and Jordan F. M., Nature, 405 (2000) 1052) to construct languagetrees. The key point is the definition of a distance among all pairs of languages which is the analogous of a genetic distance. Many methods have been proposed to define these distances; one of these, used by glottochronology, computes the distance from the percentage of shared "cognates". Cognates are words inferred to have a common historical origin, and subjective judgment plays a relevant role in the identification process. Here we push closer the analogy with evolutionary biology and we introduce a genetic distance among language pairs by considering a renormalized Levenshtein distance among words with same meaning and averaging on all words contained in a Swadesh list (Swadesh M., Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 96 (1952) 452). The subjectivity of process is consistently reduced and the reproducibility is highly facilitated. We test our method against the Indo-European group considering fifty different languages and the two hundred words of the Swadesh list for any of them. We find out a tree which closely resembles the one published in Gray and Atkinson (2003), with some significant differences
Indo-European languages tree by Levenshtein distance
No full textThe evolution of languages closely resembles the evolution of haploid organisms. This similarity has been recently exploited ( Gray R. D. and Atkinson Q. D., Nature, 426 ( 2003) 435; Gray R. D. and Jordan F. M., Nature, 405 ( 2000) 1052) to construct language trees. The key point is the definition of a distance among all pairs of languages which is the analogous of a genetic distance. Many methods have been proposed to de. ne these distances; one of these, used by glottochronology, computes the distance from the percentage of shared "cognates". Cognates are words inferred to have a common historical origin, and subjective judgment plays a relevant role in the identfication process. Here we push closer the analogy with evolutionary biology and we introduce a genetic distance among language pairs by considering a renormalized Levenshtein distance among words with same meaning and averaging on all words contained in a Swadesh list ( Swadesh M., Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 96 ( 1952) 452). The subjectivity of process is consistently reduced and the reproducibility is highly facilitated. We test our method against the Indo-European group considering fifty different languages and the two hundred words of the Swadesh list for any of them. We find out a tree which closely resembles the one published in Gray and Atkinson ( 2003), with some significant differences. Copyright (c) EPLA, 2008
Measures of lexical distance between languages
No full textThe idea of measuring distance between languages seems to have its roots in the work of the French explorer Dumont D’Urville (1832) [13]. He collected comparative word lists for various languages during his voyages aboard the Astrolabe from 1826 to 1829 and, in his work concerning the geographical division of the Pacific, he proposed a method for measuring the degree of relation among languages. The method used by modern glottochronology, developed by Morris Swadesh in the 1950s, measures distances from the percentage of shared cognates, which are words with a common historical origin.
Recently, we proposed a new automated method which uses the normalized Levenshtein distances among words with the same meaning and averages on the words contained in a list. Recently another group of scholars, Bakker et al. (2009) [8] and Holman et al. (2008) [9], proposed a refined version of our definition including a second normalization. In this paper we compare the information content of our definition with the refined version in order to
decide which of the two can be applied with greater success to resolve relationships among languages
Administração e racionalidade: uma contribuição para abordagem substantiva das organizações
No full textTCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio Econômico, Curso de Administração.Este trabalho de cunho exploratório teve como objetivo geral sintetizar o conhecimento gerado pelos estudos voltados para a demonstração da racionalidade substantiva na prática administrativa, visando sistematizar a sua contribuição para o avanço desse campo na ciência da administração. A partir do quadro proposto por Serva (1996) que possibilitou a verificação da racionalidade substantiva na prática organizacional, outros trabalhos foram produzidos com o fim de verificar a intensidade da racionalidade substantiva na prática administrativa. Para esta pesquisa foram escolhidas nove produções científicas para compor a base de dados, no qual foram sete dissertações de mestrado, uma tese de doutorado e um artigo científico. Para a análise dos dados, dois processos organizacionais, dos onze definidos por Serva (1996), foram escolhidos para ser o foco do estudo. O primeiro deles, controle, seguido por valores e objetivos. Neste sentido, a sistematização se deu através da análise destes dois processos em cada um dos trabalhos pesquisados. Como resultado da pesquisa foi elaborado dois quadros relativos aos dois processos foco deste estudo contendo informações sistematizadas a partir dos trabalhos pesquisados. Foram apresentados nos quadros, ao final da análise, os pontos coincidentes e os mais relevantes de cada trabalho pesquisado que contribuíram para que os processos controle, valores e objetivos fossem configurados com a predominância da racionalidade substantiva na prática administrativa. Foi considerada principalmente a maneira como os objetivos e os valores são divulgados e definidos nas empresas, como e por quem o controle é realizado nas organizações, visto que esses fatores influenciam na caracterização da racionalidade encontrada nas empresas. Por fim, foram apresentadas recomendações de trabalhos futuros que auxiliassem na continuidade desta linha de pesquisa visando o avanço da teoria proposta por Guerreiro Ramos (1981)
Investment strategies and hidden variables
No full textThe present study shows how the information on 'hidden' market variables effects optimal investment strategies. We take the point of view of two investors, one who has access to the hidden variables and one who only knows the quotes of a given asset. Following Kelly's theory on investment strategies, the Shannon information and the doubling investment rate are quantified for both investors. Thanks to his privileged knowledge, the first investor can follow a better investment strategy. Nevertheless, the second investor can extract some of the hidden information looking at the past history of the asset variable. Unfortunately, due to the complexity of his strategy, this investor will have computational difficulties when he tries to apply it. He will than follow a simplified strategy, based only on the average sign of the last l quotes of the asset. This results have been tested with some Monte Carlo simulations
Real prices from spot foreign exchange market
No full textIn this work we discuss the problem of price definition when using high frequency foreign exchange data. If one uses the spot mid price a strong autocorrelation of returns, at one lag, is found which is only due to microstructure effect and does not capture the real behavior of price dynamics. This autocorrelation increases the intraday volatility estimated from this type of data. To solve this problem we introduce an algorithm which is able, by using the no-arbitrage principle, of eliminating every microstructure effects. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Spot foreign exchange market and time series
No full textWe investigate high frequency price dynamics in foreign exchange market using data from Reuters information system (the dataset has been provided to us by Olsen and Associates). In our-analysis we show that a naive approach to the definition of price (for example using the spot mid price) may lead to wrong conclusions on price behavior as for example the presence of short term correlations for returns. For this purpose we introduce an algorithm which only uses the non arbitrage principle to estimate real prices from the spot ones. The new definition leads to returns which are not affected by spurious correlations. Furthermore, any apparent information (defined by using Shannon entropy) contained in the data disappears
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