130,542 research outputs found
Time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectrometer based on a picosecond Nd:glass laser system
No full textA time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectrometer based on an amplified picosecond Nd:glass laser system is described. The kinetic energy of photoemitted electrons, excited by 0.4 ps laser pulses at 264 nm, is measured with a time-of-flight electron energy analyzer. A theoretical model that takes into account the electron drift inside the mu -metal shielded tube as far as the electron analyzer has been introduced to calculate the energy distribution curves of photoelectrons. As a test of the experimental apparatus we present photoemission spectra of cesiated silver excited with 4.7 eV photons. Good agreement between the experimental and the calculated distribution curves of photoemitted electrons has been found. Finally, we have briefly discussed the electronic properties of silver in terms of free electron and d-band transitions, together with Auger processes for photon energies near 4 eV
Linear and Nonlinear total-Yield photoemission observed in the subpicosecond regime in Mo
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Preliminary analysis of the flow field in a transparent model of a SRF cavity by PIV
No full textNiobium superconductive radio frequency cavities (SRF cavities) are commonly employed in linear accelerator; very pure, clean, and smooth internal walls are required to make the cavity working properly and with a high Q factor. Typically, to achieve a suitable surface quality the SRF cavities are subjected to a surface treatment called Buffered Chemical Polish (BCP), the latter uses a strong concentrated acids mixture flowing through the cavity to chemically etch a thin niobium layer (~250 μm). A viable way to understand and optimize the BCP process is by using computational fluid dynamic (CFD); however, the experimental validation of the numerical and physical models is required to confidently use CFD results. The aim of our work is to investigate the fluid dynamics of the BCP process by using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and the refractive index matching (RIM) techniques, and to provide data to validate CFD simulations. The paper describes and briefly analyse the experimental setup and the preliminary results achieved so far
High pressure rinsing parameters measurements
No full textHigh pressure rinsing with ultra pure water jet is an essential step in the high field superconducting cavity production process. In this paper, we illustrate the experimental characterization of a HPR system, in terms of specific power and energy deposition on the cavity surfaces and on the damage threshold for niobium. These measurements are used to tentatively derive general rules for the optimization of the free process parameters(nozzle geometry,speeds and water pressure)
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Auger and x‐ray photoemission spectroscopy study on Cs2Te photocathodes
No full textThin films of Cs2Te have been produced and analyzed by Auger depth profiling and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The formation of the photoemissive material passes through different phases, each of them has been characterized by XPS and by its total yield in the spectral region 3.5-5 eV. Copper and molybdenum substrates have been considered. While Mo behaves to all practical purposes like an ideal support for Cs2Te, strong diffusion from the substrate material into the photoemissive film has been observed on photocathodes fabricated on Cu, The ruggedness of the photocathodes has been tested by exposing them to a few hundred Langmuirs of different gases, namely O-2, CO2, CO, N-2, and CH4. The last three have no effect on the photocathode lifetime, while a substantial reduction of the quantum efficiency has been observed after the exposure to oxygen. The main reason for this is the formation of a thick cesium oxide layer at the surface of the photocathode. However, the oxygen pollution can be partially recovered by the combined effect of heating the photocathode at 230 degrees C and illuminating the poisoned material with the 4.9 eV radiation. No rejuvenation has been observed under the effect of the temperature or the radiation alone
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
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