1,720,954 research outputs found
Development of dynamic prognostic tools in localized prostate cancer treated by radiation therapy
No full textLa prédiction d'un événement clinique à l'aide d'outils pronostiques est une question centrale en oncologie. L'émergence des biomarqueurs mesurés au cours du temps permet de proposer des outils incorporant les données répétées de ces biomarqueurs pour mieux guider le clinicien dans la prise en charge des patients. L'objectif de ce travail est de développer et valider des outils pronostiques dynamiques de rechute de cancer de la prostate, chez des patients traités initialement par radiothérapie externe, en prenant en compte les données répétées du PSA, l'antigène spécifique de la prostate, en plus des facteurs pronostiques standard. Ces outils sont dynamiques car ils peuvent être mis à jour à chaque nouvelle mesure disponible du biomarqueur. Ils sont construits à partir de modèles conjoints pour données longitudinales et de temps d'événement. Le principe de la modélisation conjointe est de décrire l'évolution du biomarqueur à travers un modèle linéaire mixte, décrire le risque d'événement à travers un modèle de survie et lier ces deux processus à travers une structure latente. Deux approches existent, les modèles conjoints à effets aléatoires partagés et les modèles conjoints à classes latentes. Dans un premier travail, nous avons tout d'abord comparé, en terme de qualité d'ajustement et de pouvoir prédictif, des modèles conjoints à effets aléatoires partagés différant par leur forme de dépendance entre le PSA et le risque de rechute clinique. Puis nous avons évalué et comparé ces deux approches de modélisation conjointe. Dans un deuxième travail, nous avons proposé un outil pronostique dynamique différentiel permettant d'évaluer le risque de rechute clinique suivant l'initiation ou non d'un second traitement (un traitement hormonal) au cours du suivi. Dans ces travaux, la validation de l'outil pronostique a été basée sur deux mesures de pouvoir prédictif: le score de Brier et l'entropie croisée pronostique. Dans un troisième travail, nous avons enfin décrit la dynamique des PSA après un second traitement de type hormonal chez des patients traités initialement par une radiothérapie seule.The prediction of a clinical event with prognostic tools is a central issue in oncology. The emergence of biomarkers measured over time can provide tools incorporating repeated data of these biomarkers to better guide the clinician in the management of patients. The objective of this work is to develop and validate dynamic prognostic tools of recurrence of prostate cancer in patients initially treated by external beam radiation therapy, taking into account the repeated data of PSA, the Prostate-Specific Antigen, in addition to standard prognostic factors. These tools are dynamic because they can be updated at each available new measurement of the biomarker. They are built from joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data. The principle of joint modelling is to describe the evolution of the biomarker through a linear mixed model, describe the risk of event through a survival model and link these two processes through a latent structure. Two approaches exist, shared random-effect models and joint latent class models. In a first study, we first compared in terms of goodness-of-fit and predictive accuracy shared random-effect models differing in the form of dependency between the PSA and the risk of clinical recurrence. Then we have evaluated and compared these two approaches of joint modelling. In a second study, we proposed a differential dynamic prognostic tool to evaluate the risk of clinical recurrence according to the initiation or not of a second treatment (an hormonal treatment) during the follow-up. In these works, validation of the prognostic tool was based on two measures of predictive accuracy: the Brier score and the prognostic cross-entropy. In a third study, we have described the PSA dynamics after a second treatment (hormonal) in patients initially treated by a radiation therapy alone
Development of dynamic prognostic tools in localized prostate cancer treated by radiation therapy
No full textLa prédiction d'un événement clinique à l'aide d'outils pronostiques est une question centrale en oncologie. L'émergence des biomarqueurs mesurés au cours du temps permet de proposer des outils incorporant les données répétées de ces biomarqueurs pour mieux guider le clinicien dans la prise en charge des patients. L'objectif de ce travail est de développer et valider des outils pronostiques dynamiques de rechute de cancer de la prostate, chez des patients traités initialement par radiothérapie externe, en prenant en compte les données répétées du PSA, l'antigène spécifique de la prostate, en plus des facteurs pronostiques standard. Ces outils sont dynamiques car ils peuvent être mis à jour à chaque nouvelle mesure disponible du biomarqueur. Ils sont construits à partir de modèles conjoints pour données longitudinales et de temps d'événement. Le principe de la modélisation conjointe est de décrire l'évolution du biomarqueur à travers un modèle linéaire mixte, décrire le risque d'événement à travers un modèle de survie et lier ces deux processus à travers une structure latente. Deux approches existent, les modèles conjoints à effets aléatoires partagés et les modèles conjoints à classes latentes. Dans un premier travail, nous avons tout d'abord comparé, en terme de qualité d'ajustement et de pouvoir prédictif, des modèles conjoints à effets aléatoires partagés différant par leur forme de dépendance entre le PSA et le risque de rechute clinique. Puis nous avons évalué et comparé ces deux approches de modélisation conjointe. Dans un deuxième travail, nous avons proposé un outil pronostique dynamique différentiel permettant d'évaluer le risque de rechute clinique suivant l'initiation ou non d'un second traitement (un traitement hormonal) au cours du suivi. Dans ces travaux, la validation de l'outil pronostique a été basée sur deux mesures de pouvoir prédictif: le score de Brier et l'entropie croisée pronostique. Dans un troisième travail, nous avons enfin décrit la dynamique des PSA après un second traitement de type hormonal chez des patients traités initialement par une radiothérapie seule.The prediction of a clinical event with prognostic tools is a central issue in oncology. The emergence of biomarkers measured over time can provide tools incorporating repeated data of these biomarkers to better guide the clinician in the management of patients. The objective of this work is to develop and validate dynamic prognostic tools of recurrence of prostate cancer in patients initially treated by external beam radiation therapy, taking into account the repeated data of PSA, the Prostate-Specific Antigen, in addition to standard prognostic factors. These tools are dynamic because they can be updated at each available new measurement of the biomarker. They are built from joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data. The principle of joint modelling is to describe the evolution of the biomarker through a linear mixed model, describe the risk of event through a survival model and link these two processes through a latent structure. Two approaches exist, shared random-effect models and joint latent class models. In a first study, we first compared in terms of goodness-of-fit and predictive accuracy shared random-effect models differing in the form of dependency between the PSA and the risk of clinical recurrence. Then we have evaluated and compared these two approaches of joint modelling. In a second study, we proposed a differential dynamic prognostic tool to evaluate the risk of clinical recurrence according to the initiation or not of a second treatment (an hormonal treatment) during the follow-up. In these works, validation of the prognostic tool was based on two measures of predictive accuracy: the Brier score and the prognostic cross-entropy. In a third study, we have described the PSA dynamics after a second treatment (hormonal) in patients initially treated by a radiation therapy alone
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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