1,720,991 research outputs found
Antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibody for detection of bluetongue virus antigen An
Full text linkantigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a specific anti-bluetongue virus group was applied to detect bluetongue viral antigen . The test was specific for bluetongue viruses and did not detect the closely related epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer viruses (EHDV) and other orbiviruses . It was easy to perform and could be established in laboratories which have simple facilities . The antigen-capture ELISA technique is an alternative method to agar gel immunodiffusion and immuno-dot blotting tests to detect bluetongue antigen in infected tissues, Vero cells, Aedes albopictus cells and BHK-21 cell cultures . Keywords : ELISA, monoclonal antibody, antigen detection, B
Canine Parvovirus in Dogs
Full text linkParvovirus disease in dogs is caused by Parvovirus, a member of famili Parvoviridae. In young puppies, less than 4 months age, CPV infect heart, while older puppies CPV will infect tractus digestivus, which caused blood diarrhoea. In general, the cinical signs of CPV disease are vomit, loss appetite, and blood diarrhoea. Parvovirus will inactivated by given chemical reagents such as Hypoclorised or formalin. Vaccination is the only way to protect the disease. The right time of vaccination will give the optimum protection of the disease. Hence, monitoring the immune response after vaccination needs to be developed to gain the information on the best time to vvaccinate the dogs, so the failure of vaccination can be avoided. Key words: Parvovirus, vaccination, diagnosi
The Role of Animal Serum Bank in Investigating Animal Diseases by Seroepidemiological and Retrospective Studies
Full text linkSerum bank is a place to collect sera from random collection as a representative population for a long period and still maintain its characteristic of biochemical and immunological aspects. Serum Bank can store many sera from different species of animals from different areas. National and regional serological surveys can be done relatively in short period, without the need of skilled human resources and budget to collect the sera from the field. Hence, the basic information or seroepidemiological and retrospective studies can be obtained within in a short time. Serum Bank at Research Institute for Veterinary Science (RIVS) consists of survey and sentinel collections which were conducted by RIVS staffs, regional livestock services, Disease Investigation Center and farmers. This paper will describe the role, management, the advantages of Bank Serum and its problem. Due to its importance, Serum Bank needs to be maintained to keep its function for other purposes. Key words: Serum Bank, serum collection, animal disease
Pathogenicity study of local bluetongue virus isolates in local and imported sheep
Full text linkBluetongue is one of arboviruses that caused economical impact to sheep farmers. Six local bluetongue virus (BT) serotypes isolates were obtained from sentinel cattle blood in West Java and Irian Jaya (Papua), but its pathogenicity has not been identified. Propagation of viraemic blood inoculum from 3 local BT serotypes such as serotypes 1,9 and 21, that had been conducted in Merino sheep, will be used for pathogenicity study. The study was devided into 3 groups, each group contained local and imported sheep as control and infected sheep. All sheep had been tested as negative BT antibodies. Observation on clinical signs had been conducted twice daily for 28 days. Heparinised blood and sera were collected everyday to obtain the viraemia period by Ag-C-ELISA test and antibody respons by C-ELISA test. The clinical signs produced were varied from normal to very mild in local sheep and very mild to mild-moderate in Merino sheep.The lowest severe degree of clinical signs was BT 9 followed by BT 1 and BT 21. No dead, neither local and Merino sheep occurred. Viraemia in Merino sheep occurred between 3-5 days and in local sheep between 4-7 days post inoculation (DPI). Antibody respons occurred as quick as 10 DPI in Merino sheep and 9 DPI in local sheep, and stayed until the end of experiment. This study showed that local BT isolates were not pathogen and not producing clasical BT infection. Key Words: Bluetongue Virus, Antibody Respons, Viraemia, Serology, Shee
Bovine Ephemeral Fever As A Disease Related To Climate Change
Full text linkBovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF) is one of arbovirus diseases infecting in ruminants especially cattle and buffaloes, which istransmitted by mosquito vectors. In general, vector borne disease is also related to climate change, that mosquito as a vector will significantly increase when the environment temperature increases. The disease was found in many countries in Asia, Africa and Australia. The clinical sign of the disease such as fever to paralysis causes economical impact to the farmer, eventhough the mortality is very low. This review will discuss the disease in relation to climate change, which affects vector population that spread the disease. The more population of vector is the higher chance of animal to be infected. This condition describes that the spread of BEF will depend on some factors included the increase of vectors, the availability of susceptible host and vector media facilities, climate condition and supportive ecology. This paper will discuss the feature of BEF, mode of transmission, the impact of environment and climate change, disease prevention and control, and other aspects to prevent further economical impact. It will also discuss how to the transmission, prevention and control of disease BEF. The information can be taken as an input for policy makers to prevent BEF infection in Indonesia.Key words: Bovine ephemeral fever, epidemiology, vector, diagnosis, climate chang
Infection of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus in Pig
No full textTransmissIble gastroenteritis (TGE) virus belong to corona virus which cause acute diarrhoea in under two years old young pig, especially young piglets. The pigs experience severe loss of body fluid which can lead to death. To prevent the disease, vaccination is a must, but the vaccine available at present is not effective. It is quite difficult to diagnose TGE clinically and diarrhoea could be due to other agents, i.e. bacterial, parasite and another viral infections. A comprehensive conclusion of laboratory examination, pathological finding, and clinical signs in the field can lead to definitive diagnose of TGE. A review about the disease, causative agent, characteristic of the agent, clinical signs, epidemiology, diagnose, control and prevention, and the occurrence in Indonesia based on serological result is presented
The Overview of Japanese Encephalitis and Nipah Diseases
Full text linkAn outbreak of encephalitis in Malaysia, caused a panic among Veterinary and animal husbandry expert internationally in late 1998. Suspected Japanese encephalitis (JE) had been eliminated after an intensif investigation to diagnose the outbreak. The result indicated that Nipah virus played an important role caused the outbreak. Controversion on causative agent between JE and Nipah leads to further discussion on the difference and similarities between JE and Nipah from different aspects included their aetiology, clinical signs, host, diagnosis and control the disease. Keywords: Japanese encephalitis, nipa
Isolation of bluetongue serotypes 1, 6 and 21 from insects in West Java
Full text linkBluetongue virus is one of arbovirus diseases which is transmitted by insects, Culicoides spp. Insect collection wasconducted weekly from 1991 to 1993 and forthnightly from 1993 to 1997 in West Java using Pirbright-type miniature light trapin to phosphate buffered saline for identification and viral isolation. A total of 1155 pools of insects were inoculated intoembryonated chicken eggs before passaging in a mosquito cell line and three times blind passages in BHK-21 cells. Fourteenpools of insects produced cytopathic effect in BHK-21 cells. Four of the infected BHK-21 cells reacted in the antigen captureELISA test using a specific monoclonal antibody to bluetongue (BTV) virus. Further identification into serotype in ReferenceLaboratory, indicated that BTV serotype 1 was isolated from C. fulvus, BTV serotype 6 was isolated from C. peregrinus andBTV serotype 21 from pools of C. shortii and C. orientalis.Key words: Bluetongue viruses, isolation, insect
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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