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Mültipl myelom hastalarında hematopoetik kök hücre nakli sonrası ilerleme ve yinelemeyi göstermede idrar immunfiksasyon elektroforezinin yeri
No full textMültipl myelom tanısı serum ve/veya idrarda bulunan monoklonal immunoglobulini tespit etmeye dayanmaktadır. 2000'li yılların başına kadar; MG'yi tespit etmek için kullanılan serolojik testleri serum ve idrar PE testi ve serum ve idrar İFE testi oluşturmuştur. 2001 yılında nicel SSHZ ölçümü mümkün olmuştur. SSHZ ölçümünün mümkün olmasıyla MG'leri tespit etmede kullanılan laboratuvar testlerinin tanısal hassasiyeti oldukça artmıştır. MM hastalarınının %95'inden fazlasının serumunda SHZ gösterilmiştir. Hastaların %50'sinden fazlasının MM tanısı aldığında azalmış kreatinin klerensine sahip olduğuna ve yaklaşık %20 hastanın ise hastalığın seyrinde böbrek yetmezliğine ilerlediği gösterilmiştir. Dolayısıyla idrardaki BJ proteini serumla korele olmamaktadır ve hastalık aktivitesini yeterince gösterememektedir. Sonuç olarak SSHZ düzeyinin çalışılmaya başlanması idrar çalışmalarının tanı algoritmasındaki yerinin sorgulanmasına sebep olmuştur. SSHZ testinin idrar İFE testinden her durumda daha duyarlı olduğu ve idrarda proteinürisi olmayan hastada tanısal algoritmadan idrar İFE testini çıkarmanın tanısal hassasiyette minimal kayıp yaptığını destekleyen çok sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya MM tanısı almış ve OKHN/AKHN yapılmış ve nakil sonrası belli zamanlarda nüks olan; 49 erkek, 29 kadın; toplam 78 hasta alındı. Hastaların yaş aralığı 26 ile 66 arasında olup ortanca yaş 55'dir. Tanı anı SSHZ düzeyleri çalışılmış 30 hastadan sadece 2'sinin SSHZ oranı normal olarak bulunmuştur. 28 hastanın (%93.4) SSHZ oranı ise anormal olarak saptanmıştır. Tanı anı idrar İFE testi ve SSHZ düzeyleri birlikte çalışılmış hastalardan; idrar İFE testinde monoklonal protein tespit edilen hastaların tamamında SSHZ oranı anormal olarak bulunmuştur. Tanı anı %94.4 tanı koyma oranı ile serum İFE testinin, tanı koyma oranı en yüksek test olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tanı anı SPE, Serum İFE ve SSHZ ölçümününden oluşan test kombinasyonunu ile hastaların %97.2'sine tanı konmuştur. Bu test kombinasyonuna İdrar İFE testini ekleyince ek olarak 2 hastaya daha tanı konabilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada nüks anı hastalara SPEP+serum İFE+SSHZ düzeyleri birlikte çalışılırsa hastaların %95'ine nüks tanısı konulurken, bu testlere idrar İFE testini ekleyince ek olarak kimseye nüks tanısı konamamıştır. Sonuç olarak çalışmamızda idrar İFE testini bu 3'lü test kombinasyonuna eklemenin tanısal duyarlılığı artırmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Nüks anı idrar İFE testi pozitif olan hastalar incelenirse bu hastalardan sadece birinin SSHZ oranı normal bulunmuştur. Bu hastanın SSHZ düzeyleri artmasına karşın SSHZ oranı normal sınırlar içersinde kalmıştır. Ayrıca bu hastanın nüks anı serum İFE testi ve SPEP testinde monoklonal protein saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, çalışmamıza göre, ilerleme ve yinelemenin anlaşılmasında, hastaların izlemlerinde; 24 saatlik idrarda yeni proteinürisi saptanan, protein miktarında artış olan, veya klinik olarak nüks bulgusu olup diğer serolojik testlerle kanıtlanamayan hastalar dışındaki hastalara rutin olarak idrar İFE testinin yapılması anlam taşımamaktadır.The diagnosis of multiple myeloma is based on detecting the monoclonal immunoglobulin in blood and/or urine. Until the year 2000, SPE, UPE, serum IFE and urine IFE are the most commonly used techniques for detecting the MG. Following the succesful development of measuring serum FLC levels and determining monoclonality by establishing the ratio of κ and λ, the diagnostic sensitivity of serologic tests that detecting monoclonality has considerably increased. Studies show that free light chains are shown in serum of more then %95 of all MM patients. Renal failure occurs in %20 of myeloma patients, and there is some renal pathology in more than one-half of patients. As a result of that; the presence of Bence Jones proteins in the urine does not correlate well with the serum and it cannot be used to assess the activity of the disease. With the introduction of quantitative serum assays for Ig free light chain, the role of urine IFE in the diagnosis of MG came under question. Many reported studies suggest that the replacement of urine IFE studies with SFLC assays cause minimal loss in diagnostic accuracy. Our study included 78 MM patients, who received autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantations during their treatments and relapsed after treatment. Of the patients 49 were men and 29 women. The age range of the patients was between 26 to 66 years with a median age of 55 years. 30 patients whose serum FLC test have been studied at the time of diagnosis only 2 (6.6%) of these had normal SFLC levels. Among all the patients whose SFLC levels and urine İFE studied together during diagnosis, all the ones detected with light chains in their urine were also found to have abnormal SFLC levels. Comparison of the diagnostic sensitivity of the tests yielded that serum IFE is the most sensitive test with a sensitivity of 94.4%. Furthermore, using a combination of SPE, serum IFE and SFLC tests, 97.2% of the patients can be diagnosed correctly. After adding the urine İFE test to this combination, two more patients could be diagnosed. Studying the SPE, Serum IFE and serum FLC ratio tests together at the time of relapse or progression make it possible to diagnose relapse in %94.9 of patients. Adding the urine IFE this combination does not help in diagnosing a relapse or progression. In other words, our study shows that urine İFE does not contribute to the sensitivity of the combination of the above three tests in diagnosing relapse or progression. In conclusion, we are not suggesting a routine study of urine İFE in scanning the relapse or progression for MM patients after autologous or allogeneic transplantation except for those who have presence or increase in their 24 hours urine proteins or who has evidence of clinical relapse but have not been proved by other serologic tests
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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