299 research outputs found
Simulation based optimization for world line card production system
No full textApak, Sinan (Arel Author), Ercan, Sami (Arel Author)Simulation based decision support system is one of the most commonly used tools to examine complex production systems. The simulation approach provides process modules which can be adjusted with certain parameters by using data relatively easily obtainable in production process. World Line Card production system simulation is developed to evaluate the optimality of existing production line via using discrete event simulation model with variety of alternative proposals. The current production system is analysed by a simulation model emphasizing the bottlenecks and the poorly utilized production line. Our analysis identified some improvements and efficient solutions for the existing system
Modal properties of parallel plate waveguide partially loaded with double negative materials
No full textPekmezci, Ayşegül (Dogus Author) -- Topuz, Ercan (Dogus Author)Properties of eigen-solutions in parallel plate waveguides partially loaded with Lorentz type Double Negative Materials (DNG), modelled by lossless/lossy, identical/non-identical electric, magnetic parameters are presented. Modal cut-off phenomena associated with surface waves, transitions between evanescent/propagating, forward/backward waves and their dependence on frequency, filling factor and dispersive material parameters are investigated. Novel conditions are given for the existence of surface waves and for the emergence of complex eigenvalues in the absence of losses, and supported with numerical results of exact frequency domain analysis
Means of defense about Substantive Law in The Law of Civil Procedure
No full textDavalı, dava dilekçesinde ileri sürülmemiş olan karşı vakıalara dayanarak davanın reddini isteyebilir. Davalı bu durumda davacının ileri sürdüğü vakıaları tartışmaksızın, karşı vakıalarla davacının iddia ettiği hakkın mevcut olmadığını veya dava konusu yapılamayacağını ileri sürer. Davalının ileri sürdüğü bu karşı vakıalara davalının savunma vasıtaları denir. Davalının savunma vasıtaları usul hukukuna ve maddi hukuka ilişkin olabilir. Maddi hukuka ilişkin savunma vasıtaları ise def'i ve itirazlardır. Def'i, davalının aslında borçlu olduğu bir edimi özel bir nedene dayanarak yerine getirmekten kaçınma imkanı veren bir haktır. Bir savunmanın def'i olması usul hukuku açısından önemlidir. Çünkü def'inin dikkate alınıp hükmün verilmesi ileri sürülmesi şartına bağlıdır. Davalı def'iyi ileri sürmemişse, hakim tarafların bildirdiği vakıalardan bir def'inin varlığını öğrense bile bunu dikkate alamaz. Bu nedenle def'i esasa cevap süresi olan on gün içinde ileri sürülmelidir. Aksine davranış savunmanın değiştirilmesi veya genişletilmesi yasağı olur. Bu durum ancak davacının muvafakati veya ıslah ile giderilebilir. İtiraz ise bir hakkın doğumuna engel olan veya o hakkı sona erdiren vakıalardır. İtirazların usul hukuku bakımından önemi, dava dosyasından anlaşılıp anlaşılamama noktasındadır. Çünkü dava dosyasından anlaşılabilen itiraz sebeplerinin esas cevap süresi içerisinde ileri sürülmesi zorunlu değildir. Hakim dava malzemesinden veya tarafların ileri sürdükleri vakıalardan bir itirazın varlığını anlarsa bunu her zaman dikkate alabilir. Diğer yandan dava dosyasından anlaşılamayan itirazların hakim tarafından re'sen dikkate alınması mümkün değildir. Ancak dava dosyasından anlaşılmamakla birlikte bir hakkın doğumuna engel olan itirazların da o hakkın doğumundan önce mevcut olması nedeniyle hakim tarafından re'sen dikkate alınabileceği kabul edilir. Nitekim dava dosyasından anlaşılamayan itirazlar bakımından süresinde ileri sürülmediği zaman savunmanın değiştirilmesi veya genişletilmesi yasağı olur. Bu durum ancak davacının muvafakati veya ıslah ile giderilebilir. Ayrıca dava dosyasından anlaşılabilen itirazlar ise temyiz ve hatta karar düzeltme kanun yolu aşamasında dahi dikkate alınabilir.The defendant may reject the lawsuit based on the new cases that not put forward. In this case the defendant asserts that the right claimed by the plaintiff is not present, or be made subject to an appeal without debate of new cases that the plaintiff put forwards. These Cases that the defendant based on called means of defenses. Means of the defendant's defense may be related to procedural and substantive law. Means of defense of substantive is objections to the plea. In fact the plea is a right to bring avoidance to the defendant of an act of the debtor on the basis of a special cause. The defense that is plea is important in terms of procedural law. Because provision must be taken into account is put forward for set-off defense. Unless the defendant put forward the plea, the judge can not take into account even knew it the existence of a set-off defense. Therefore response time basis, that plea must be applied within ten days forward. In contrast to the behavior is the prohibition of modification or expansion of defense. This situation can be removed with only possibility of plaintiff and correction. On the other hand, the objection is an defense that obstacle to present of the right and made the right to an appeal. The importance of the objections in terms of procedural law, the case file at point is understood and impenetrability. Because understood the reasons for objections to the case file, mainly put forward in response time is not mandatory. The judge understands from the case material adduced by the presence of an objection, it may take into account ex-officio. On the other hand the case file can not be taken into account ex officio by the judge not understood the objections. However, objections to the case file that is preventing the birth of a right is understood but also because of the right to be present before birth can be taken into account ex officio by the judge accepted. Indeed, the case file, not understood in terms of objections is the prohibition of modification or expansion of defense. This situation can be removed with only possibility of plaintiff and correction. In addition, the case file appeals understood the decision of the appeals and correction even if the path can be taken into account
Finite difference time domain formulation for epsilon-negative medium using wave equation
No full textPekmezci, Ayşegül (Dogus Author) -- Topuz, Ercan (Dogus Author)A novel approach utilizing one-dimensional (1D) wave equation based finite difference time domain (FDTD) formulations for Lorentz-type Epsilon-Negative (ENG) medium is developed. To demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the formulation, reflection of a plane wave normally incident at free spaceENG interface is compared with the analytical solution. Moreover, propagation characteristics of Lorentz-type ENG medium is investigated using the FDTD formulations both for wave equation and Maxwell's curl equations in 1D case. Comparisons of memory and computational time requirements of both formulations are given
First and second order mur type ABCs for DNG media
No full textPekmezci, Ayşegül (Dogus Author) -- Topuz, Ercan (Dogus Author)Reflections from boundaries of the FDTD computational domain lead to inaccurate, even unstable codes when dealing with problems involving double negative (DNG) materials. Here, an efficient and simple algorithm is presented for terminating FDTD in DNG medium which is based on first and second order Mur’s absorbing boundary conditions (ABC). FDTD update equations for Mur’s ABC formulations are obtained from frequency domain one-way wave equations using piecewise linear recursive convolution (PLRC) method. Numerical examples are given both for 1D and 2D scenarios to demonstrate the validity and stability of the proposed Mur formulations, and its advantages over uniaxial perfectly matched layer (UPML) in reducing computational time and memory requirements
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) fruit extract ameliorates methotrexate-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats
No full textObjective: Methotrexate (MTX) is a drug commonly used for the treatment of malign neoplastic and inflammatory diseases. Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of bitter melon (BM) were reported. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of BM fruit extract on MTX-induced testicular and epididymal damage. Materials and Methods: Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into three groups (n=8) as control, MTX and MTX+BM. A single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to the MTX and MTX+BM groups. BM fruit extract (600 mg/kg) was applied to the MTX+BM group orally for 5 days. Testes were examined for general histopathology, proliferating and apoptotic cells. The epididymis samples were used for the evaluation of sperm morphology. Oxidative and inflammatory markers were analysed biochemically. Results: Increased abnormal spermatozoa, degenerated seminiferous tubules with increased apoptotic cells and decreased proliferative cells were observed in the MTX group. TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and caspase-3 levels increased, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels decreased in both testis and epididymis samples. All these histological and biochemical parameters were ameliorated in the MTX+BM group. Conclusion: Methotrexate causes testis damage by decreasing spermatogenic cells and increasing apoptosis through oxidative stress and inflammation. BM extract improves testis and epididymis damage with its possible anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects
Stimulation of estrogen receptors attenuates oxidant skin injury in hyperglycemic rats with incisional wound
No full textA Methodological Perspective on the Prefaces of Qur'?n Translations in the Context of Qur'?nic Translation Writing
No full textThe vast majority of Qur'& amacr;nic translations contain preface chapters. These chapters are very important regarding adventure, purpose, method, target audience, etc. These chapters, which are found in many, though not in all of the translations, reveal the method followed by the author in his translation and give some clues about his views on understanding and interpreting the Qur'& amacr;n. Although the prefaces are the most important elements that show the identity and quality of the translations, unfortunately, it has been observed that there is no preface in many of the translations. In addition, although some of them have a foreword, it was observed that the author did not include his own opinions about his translation, which caused some difficulties in evaluating the methodology of the translation in question. In addition, some of the Qur'& amacr;n translations' authors only gave a little information about their translations in the last paragraph of the preface. When all these different preferences are considered together, it is seen that even the texts with prefaces differ in this respect. It is an important step in terms of the effectiveness of the Qur'& amacr;nic translation to consider the audience to which it is addressed and follow a translation method accordingly. However, what is more important than this is that the author of the translation presents the readers with a preface that provides technical and preliminary information about the features of the translation in question. In this study, we have focused on what the theoretical information should be mentioned in the prefatory parts of the Qur'& amacr;n translations and how it should be conveyed to the reader. Because the way to benefit from the Qur'& amacr;n translations correctly and practically depends on the detailed and instructive information mentioned in the prefatory parts. However, in our research, we have found that the Qur'& amacr;n translations with prefaces are inadequate in informing the reader and are systematically plagued with some problems. Writing a translation is a necessity and a serious and responsible job. Although this judgement is accepted by most of the authors of the commentaries, it is understood that this seriousness and responsibility are not appropriately fulfilled in most of the prefaces written. Although there are some unfavourable situations in T & uuml;rkiye, there is a gradual development and diversification process in the field of Qur'& amacr;nic translation writing, which is a positive development. Despite this positive process, one of the most critical problems in the Qur'& amacr;nic translation writing is that there is either little or little information about the methodology used in the prefaces, or the information about the methods used in the prefaces is not given systematically. In the introductory part of the translation, information about the translation should be provided, the method, form, style, and language applied in the translation should be specified, the methods and defects applied in previous translations, and the sources used in the translation should be speci fied. In addition, the reader should be informed about the Qur'& amacr;n's style, language features, and the main subjects it mentions. Along with this information, information about the developments in translation, Qur'& amacr;n translation, and translation techniques should be mentioned. It should be explained whether the translation is word-based or meaning-based. Again, the importance of reading and understanding the Qur'& amacr;n and applying it to our lives should be emphasised; brief and concise information about the sciences related to the wording, meaning, and history of the Qur'& amacr;n should be included. In addition to this, should be annotated with a list of concepts, subjects, names, and information about the geography and holy places where Islam was born and spread. All these informative steps will minimise arbitrary savings in the Qur'& amacr;n translation writing and help eliminate methodical weaknesses. In order to make maximum use of the Qur'& amacr;n translation, a guide for reading and understanding the Qur'& amacr;n translation should be prepared. In this way, it is a fact that the studies of translation, whose scientific criteria and method are determined from the beginning, will yield more qualified results. Therefore, at the very beginning of the work, the author of a Qur'& amacr;n translation should provide information about for whom he is writing his Qur'& amacr;n translation, what he will primarily convey, and how to make the message comprehensible to the reader. This is because the people who are the recipients of the translation have to be content with what the translator understands and can convey, and they can be aware of the message as much as the translator allows
Monitoring system for investigating the effect of temperature change on optical properties
No full textKara, Ercan (Dogus Author)Knowledge about the changes in optical properties is needed for planning safer and more accurate laser treatments. A monitoring system was developed to study how the optical properties of a lipid emulsion are affected by temperature changes. A double-integrating-sphere system is modified with a controlled heating apparatus to measure the temperature-dependent diffuse reflectance and total transmittance values. The absorption and reduced scattering coefficients were estimated from the reflectance and transmittance values using an inverse adding-doubling method. The total transmittance showed positive correlation with temperature while the diffuse reflectance was found to be negatively correlated. Although the absorption coefficient did not demonstrate a statistically significant change with temperature, the reduced scattering coefficient was negatively correlated. By using the obtained optical properties, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to observe the difference in light propagation within a tissue. The results indicate that temperature-dependent changes in optical properties should be taken into consideration for a safer laser treatment
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