1,721,000 research outputs found
Aerodynamic inverse design using fuzzy logic
No full textThis article provides two robust and effective inverse design procedures based on fuzzy logic. The procedures benefits from the fuzzy logic non-analytical structure, which allows one to handle numerical map and data measurements, exploiting the designers' knowledge distributed in already existing systems. Based on such data, the fuzzy logic algorithm is able to promptly provide a first glance design which represents a good starting solution. The two proposed design algorithms differ in the optimisation process which improves the first glance design. The first one considers the optimisation as a false control problem, solved by,in adaptive control strategy which, treating the design error its the control error, tries to annihilate it by acting on the design variables. The second algorithm is based on it multiagent structure that, starting from the first glance design, performs the subsequent optimisation step by mapping, through it fuzzy logic structure, the relationship between the variation of the design variables and the design error. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified performing the design of it nozzle in different flow regimes, using both 1- and 2D flow solvers to perform the analyses
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Biological therapies for inflammatory bowel disease: Research drives clinics
No full textThe better understanding of the mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease has driven our progress into the development of new biological therapies targeting specific molecules. Anti-TINIF-alpha biologic compounds have shown great efficacy particularly in Crohn's disease. Infliximab (an IgG1 mouse/human chimeric monoclonal anti-TNF-alpha(x antibody fragment) is the most efficacious compound in induction and maintenance therapy of active and fistulizing Crohn's disease. being at present the only biological Compound approved for therapy, but with the limit of the immunogenicity; CDP-571 (a humanized anti-TNF-alpha antibody) and CDP-870 (a PFGylated anti-TNF-alpha antibody) are less immunogenic, showed some efficacy in induction therapy in Crohn's disease but a rapid loss of response in maintenance therapy. Etanercept and onercept (soluble human recombinant TNF-alpha receptors fusion proteins) seem not to be efficacious in Crohn's disease demonstrating no class-effect for anti-TNF-alpha compounds. In preliminary study, adalimumab (an IgG1 humanized monoclonal anti-i-TNF-alpha antibody) offers good perspective of efficacy and safety also in inflixmab-resistant or allergic patients. Inhibition of lymphocyte trafficking to the gut, through anti-adhesion molecules specific therapies (natalizumab. MLN-02, alicaforsen), has shown promising results: unfortunately, natalizumab, the most effective drug of this class, has recently been suspected to favour serious neurological complications. Other biologic therapies are under evaluation but at present seem to be less promising than infliximab; they consist of antiinflammatory cytokines, inhibitors of proinflammatory cytokines, hormones and growth factors: anti-IL-2-antibody, interferon-alpha, interferon-beta, G-CSF, GM-CSF, EGF, growth hormone, anti-interferon-gamma, anti-IL-18, anti-IL-2-receptor and anti-CD3 antibodies. The evaluation of other biological drugs has been Suspended for severe side effects as happened for anti-CD40L antibody causing thromboembolism and anti-CD4 antibody causing lymphopenia. Other compounds as IL-10 and IL-11 have been proven to be ineffective even if an oral formulation of IL-11 is under evaluation. Among the MAP kinases inhibitors BIRB-796 and RDP58 showed to be ineffective while CNI-1493 is under evaluation. The effort in identifying specific patients features predicting therapy response and the possible combination of different biolopical therapies represent undoubtedly a very promising perspective. Aim of this article is to review the biological Compounds and their efficacy in IBD
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