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Advances in the fabrication process of analytical microdevices and in their coupling with the contactless conductivity detection
No full textNeste trabalho foram desenvolvidas tecnologias e novos processos de fabricação de microdispositivos analíticos visando o acoplamento desta plataforma microfluídica com a detecção condutométrica sem contato (C4D). Uma segunda etapa do trabalho concentrou esforços em melhorar os níveis de detectabilidade da C4D. Para tanto foi proposto um processo rápido e robusto para selagem de canais de vidro para produção de microdispositivos analíticos para eletroforese. Os canais de vidro foram fabricados por processo fotolitográfico e corrosão química em via úmida. Os microcanais obtidos foram selados contra outra lâmina de vidro previamente recoberta por uma membrana polimérica (PDMS) de 50 µm de espessura. Esta mesma membrana, além de promover a junção das placas de vidro, promoveu também o isolamento elétrico entre a solução no interior do canal microfluídico (de uma lâmina de vidro) e os eletrodos metálicos presentes no substrato de vidro oposto. Assim, foi possível acoplar a detecção condutométrica sem contato (C4D) com a plataforma eletroforética proposta. O desempenho analítico desta foi avaliado usando detecção por fluorescência induzida a laser (LIF) e C4D. Eficiência de aproximadamente 47000 pratos/m foi alcançada com boa repetibilidade chip-a-chip. Fluxo eletrosmótico (EOF) estável foi observado apesar da presença do material polimérico compondo parte da parede interna do canal. Com a metodologia proposta, um chip pode ser fabricado em menos de 120 min, já incluindo as etapas de gravação por fotolitografia, corrosão e selagem. Quando comparada à selagem térmica, além do ganho de tempo e facilidade no manuseio dos substratos, o método proposto não necessita de altas temperaturas e os dispositivos obtidos apresentam repetibilidade satisfatória para análises em diferentes dias e em diferentes microchips. A plataforma analítica desenvolvida foi utilizada em um estudo cinético no qual foi possível determinar os parâmetros cinéticos (Vmax = 12,64 mmol L-1 min-1 e KM = 23,8 mmol L-1) da reação de decomposição de ureia catalisada pela enzima urease. Na segunda etapa do trabalho, foi proposta a alteração de um parâmetro físico, a constante dielétrica, da membrana de PDMS usada como isolante de modo a obter um acoplamento capacitivo mais eficiente e como conseqüência uma melhor resposta no detector. Uma discussão teórica fez-se necessária a respeito do princípio de funcionamento da C4D. Os resultados obtidos com experimentos, nos quais a membrana de PDMS foi dopada com dióxido de titânio (TiO2), mostraram que a discussão sobre o funcionamento deste detector está de acordo com as considerações teóricas apresentadas neste trabalho, onde o sinal analítico é proporcional à capacitância e esta é proporcional à constante dielétrica na cela de detecção. Com esta alternativa foi possível reduzir os limites de detecção em experimentos de análise em fluxo de 385,5 para 14,7 µmol L-1 após adição de 50% em massa de TiO2 na membrana de PDMS.In this thesis were presented technologies developed aiming new manufacturing processes for analytical microdevices by coupling of this microfluidic platform with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D). In a second stage of the work, we focused on improving the levels of detectability of C4D. We proposed a fast and robust process for sealing glass channels to produce analytical microdevices for electrophoresis. The glass channels were fabricated by photolithographic process and chemical wet etching. The obtained microchannels were sealed against another glass plate, which was previously coated with a 50-µm-thick membrane of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The purpose of this membrane, besides promoting the bonding of the two glass plates, was to act as an electrical insulator between the solution within the microfluidic channel on the top glass plate and the metal electrode present on the bottom glass chip. Thus it was possible to couple the contactless conductivity detection (C4D) with the electrophoretic platform proposed. The analytical performance was evaluated using both laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection and C4D. Efficiency of about 47,000 plates/m was achieved with good chip-to-chip repeatability. Electroosmotic flow (EOF) was observed and stable despite the presence of polymer composing part of the inner wall of the channel. With the proposed methodology, a chip can be manufactured at less than 120 min, including the patterning step by photolithography, chemical etching, and sealing (bonding) step. When compared to the heat sealing procedure, in addition to time savings, and ease of handling of the substrates, the method does not require high temperatures, and the devices obtained show satisfactory repeatability analysis on different days and different microchips. The proposed analytical platform was used in a kinetic study in which it was possible to determine the kinetic parameters (Vmax = 12.64 mmol L-1 min-1 and KM = 23.8 mmol L-1) for the decomposition of urea catalyzed by the enzyme urease. In the second part of this thesis, it was proposed to change a physical parameter, the dielectric constant of the PDMS membrane used as an insulator, to achieve a more efficient capacitive coupling and consequently a better response in the detector. A theoretical discussion was required regarding the operating principle of C4D. The results obtained from experiments in which the PDMS membrane was doped with titanium dioxide (TiO2) showed that the discussion on the functioning of this detector is in agreement with the theoretical considerations presented in this work. The analytical signal was proportional to the capacitance and this was proportional to the dielectric constant in the detection cell. With this alternative we could reduce the detection limits in flow analysis system experiments from 385.5 to 14.7 µmol L-1 after addition of 50% wt of TiO2 in the PDMS membrane
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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